炭纤维与石棉纤维混杂复合材料性能研究

用石棉纤维替代部分炭纤维制造混杂纤维复合材料,既可保持炭纤维的优异力学性能,又可使材料具有价格优势,扩大了炭纤维的应用领域。     

炭纤维人工气管的研究

通过对医用炭纤维的研制，优化出了制作炭纤维人工气管假体材料，用此材料制成的人工气管已通过５１条犬的试验及３例临床应用。     

碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的性能影响研究

以水性聚氨酯为基,碳纤维为填料,制备了碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料。采用扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和矢量网络分析仪对碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的结构与性能进行了测试和表征。实验结果表明:碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料为碳纤维和水性聚氨酯的物理结合,随着碳纤维含量的增加和厚度的增大,碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的反射率峰值均向低频移动,当碳纤维含量为0.8%,涂层厚度为1.2 mm时,碳纤维复合吸波涂层的反射率峰值达到-6.01 dB,小于-5 dB的带宽为4.2 GHz,涂层面密度为1.02kg/m~2。     

THE INFLUENCE OF OXIDATION OF THE FIBERS ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED NYLON COMPOSITES

Three-dimensional braided carbon fiber-reinforced nylon composites (C_3D/MCN) were prepared in order to investigate the influence of oxidation of carbon fibers on the tribological properties of the C_3D/MCN composites. Friction and wear tests of the C_3D/MCN composites with untreated and treated carbon fabric were conducted. The characteristics of the carbon fiber, the interface strength, the hardness, and the worn surface morphologies of the C_3D/MCN composites were analyzed. The results show that the specific surface area of treated carbon fiber was far higher than that of untreated carbon fiber and there formed a functional group of -C=O on the carbon fiber surface after air oxidation. The oxidation of the carbon fibers improved the interface strength between the carbon fibers and the matrix and had little effect on the hardness of the composites. The friction coefficient and wear rate of C_3D/MCN composites with oxidized carbon fibers were apparently lower than those with untreated carbon fibers. In conclusion, the oxidation of the fibers showed good effects on the improvement of the interface strength and the tribological properties of the composites.     

THE INFLUENCE OF OXIDATION OF THE FIBERS ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED NYLON COMPOSITES

Three-dimensional braided carbon fiber-reinforced nylon composites (C_3D/MCN) were prepared in order to investigate the influence of oxidation of carbon fibers on the tribological properties of the C_3D/MCN composites. Friction and wear tests of the C_3D/MCN composites with untreated and treated carbon fabric were conducted. The characteristics of the carbon fiber, the interface strength, the hardness, and the worn surface morphologies of the C_3D/MCN composites were analyzed. The results show that the specific surface area of treated carbon fiber was far higher than that of untreated carbon fiber and there formed a functional group of –C=O on the carbon fiber surface after air oxidation. The oxidation of the carbon fibers improved the interface strength between the carbon fibers and the matrix and had little effect on the hardness of the composites. The friction coefficient and wear rate of C_3D/MCN composites with oxidized carbon fibers were apparently lower than those with untreated carbon fibers. In conclusion, the oxidation of the fibers showed good effects on the improvement of the interface strength and the tribological properties of the composites.     

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的研究进展

本文简要介绍了聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的国内外发展历程和现状,碳纤维及其复合材料的应用进展,详细介绍了碳纤维生产工艺包括原丝制备、预氧化、碳化的一些新进展,并对我国聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的发展提出了一些建议。     

A comparison of reinforcement efficiency of various types of carbon nanotubes in polyacrylonitrile fiber

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite fibers were spun from solutions in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), using single wall (SWNTs), double wall (DWNTs), multi wall (MWNTs) carbon nanotubes, and vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs). In each case, CNT content was 5 wt% with respect to the polymer. Structure, morphology, and properties of the composite fibers have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, tensile tests, dynamic mechanical tests, as well as thermal shrinkage. While all nanotubes contributed to property improvements, maximum increase in modulus (75%) and reduction in thermal shrinkage (up to 50%) was observed in the SWNT containing composites, and the maximum improvement in tensile strength (70%), strain to failure (110%), and work of rupture (230%) was observed in the MWNTs containing composites. PAN orientation is higher in the composite fiber (orientation factor up to 0.62) than in the control PAN fiber (orientation factor 0.52), and the PAN crystallite size in the composite fiber is up to 35% larger than in the control PAN (3.7 nm), while the overall PAN crystallinity diminished slightly. Nanotube orientation in the composite fibers is significantly higher (0.98 for SWNTs, 0.88 for DWNTs, and 0.91 for MWNTs and VGCNFs) than the PAN orientation (0.52-0.62). Improvement in low strain properties (modulus and shrinkage) was attributed to PAN interaction with the nanotube, while the improvement in high strain properties (tensile strength, elongation to break, and work of rupture) at least in part is attributed to the nanotube length. Property improvements have been analyzed in terms of nanotube surface area and orientation.     

Effects of fiber contents on the mechanical and microwave absorbent properties of carbon fiber felt reinforced geopolymer composites

In this paper, phosphate-based geopolymer composites are studied and the effects of different carbon fiber felt contents (from 20?vol% to 40?vol%) on the phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and microwave absorbent properties from 2?GHz to 18?GHz frequency band of the composites were systematically investigated. The results indicate that with the increase in carbon fiber felt contents, flexural strength and Young's modulus of the composites gradually increased. The fracture mode of the composite changed from brittle failure to ductile failure with the presence of carbon fiber felt. It was mainly due to the micropore deformation as well as fibers pulling-out and the crack deflection, which consumed most fracture energy. However, microwave absorbent performance tended to increase at first and then decreased as the carbon fiber felt content ramping up. When the content of carbon fiber felt in the composite was 26.7?vol%, the composite showed the best microwave absorbent performance and the reflection loss reached to ??59.3?dB. It is mainly attributed to the Debye polarization of the carbon fibers and the interface polarization between fibers and the matrix.     

炭纤维复合材料在智能建筑结构中的应用

介绍了炭纤维及其树脂复合材料在建筑结构材料智能化技术上的应用。由于炭纤维的高强度、良好的耐火性以及好的导电性,炭纤维不仅被用作高强度结构补强材料,还同时被用作大型结构的安全诊断和寿命预测。炭纤维与玻璃纤维的复合、炭纤维与碳颗粒及陶瓷颗粒的复合、炭纤维布与电热线的复合及其应用,将成为未来大弄构件的智能化发展的重要方向。     

高档碳纤维市场分析与研究进展

碳纤维是一种高性能、高含碳量的特种纤维,广泛应用于航天、航空、高级体育用晶及工业领域;本文通过对高级碳纤维国内外生产现状及市场需求进行了分析预测;然后详细介绍了高级碳纤维生产技术国内外研究进展;最后得出结论：中国出现碳纤维投资热,项目投资仍需谨慎。     

创新为世界高性能纤维带来勃勃生机

陈述了国内外近期聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、对位芳酰胺及其共聚纤维、超强聚乙烯纤维、玄武岩纤维、液晶聚芳酯纤维及沥青基碳纤维生产厂家的研发、创新和扩产情况,显示了这些高性能纤维对全球开发可再生新能源、节能减排和各种产品的更新换代有重要作用,因此在当前世界经济不景气的形势下,通过不断革新生产工艺、提高生产效率和产品质量、降低生产成本、开发新品种及发展下游复合材料等制品,仍可保持两位数的需求增长。中国的主要高性能纤维正在实现初步产业化,但有些性能档次较低、性能稳定性稍差,远未形成系列化产品,与国外同类产品相比差距较大,今后应进一步加大研发投入,通过不断创新发展自己的知识产权,才能逐步缩小差距,提高产品的国际竞争力。     

聚丙烯腈基炭纤维组织结构表征与性能分析

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)及化学分析法等测试技术对4种PAN基3K炭纤维(2种国产炭纤维、1种国外原丝国内炭化纤维、一种日本炭纤维)的表面形貌、组织结构及化学组成等方面进行了表征,并分析了材料的微观结构组织与宏观性能的关系。结果表明:相比日本炭纤维,国产炭纤维表面缺陷多、微观结构不完整、R值大、杂质含量多等因素决定了其具有较低的拉伸强度。     

炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的电磁性能

炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites,CFRC)是新发展起来的一种电磁屏蔽材料,它是防止电磁污染的防护性功能材料之一。本文阐述了炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备成型工艺;分析了炭纤维掺入量和长度、水灰比和密实成型制备工艺、炭纤维分散性、养护龄期、外加剂、炭纤维表面化学气相沉积(CVD)处理等因素对CFRC力学性能、导电性能、压敏性能及电磁性能的影响。合适的炭纤维掺入量和长度、炭纤维的均匀分散、合理的水灰比和炭纤维表面处理是影响CFRC导电性能和电磁性能的主要因素。CFRC对电磁波的屏蔽效果除利用屏蔽效能从反射电磁波角度衡量外,亦可从吸收电磁波角度利用反射率进行评价。     

The TPB Properties of Plasma-Treated Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polystyrene Composites

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) in ambient air are used on carbon fiber to improve the fiber surface activity. Carbon fibers with length of 75 µm are placed into the plasma configuration. The interaction between modified carbon fibers and polystyrene was studied by the three-point bending (TPB) test. The chemical and physical changes induced by the treatments on carbon fiber surface are examined using contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Contact angles of the plasma-treated carbon fiber and XPS results reveal that the carbon fibers modified with the DBD at an atmospheric pressure show a significant increase in oxygen and nitrogen concentration. These results demonstrate that the surfaces of the carbon fiber are more active, hydrophilic after plasma treatments using a DBD operating in ambient air.     

Oxidative stabilization of PAN/SWNT composite fiber

PAN/SWNT composite fibers have been spun with 0, 5, and 10 wt% single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Tensile fracture surfaces of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers exhibited extensive fibrillation, while for PAN/SWNT composite fibers, tendency to fibrillate decreased with increasing SWNT content. The reinforcing effect of SWNTs on the oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber has been studied. At 10 wt% SWNTs, breaking strength, modulus, and strain to failure of the oxidized composite fiber increased by 100%, 160%, and 115%, respectively. Tensile fracture surfaces of thermally stabilized PAN and the PAN/SWNT fibers exhibited brittle behavior and well distributed SWNT ropes covered with the oxidized matrix can be observed in the tensile fracture surfaces of the fibers. No de-bonding has been observed between unoxidized or the oxidized PAN matrix and the nanotube ropes. Higher strain to failure of the oxidized composite fiber as compared to that of the oxidized control PAN fiber also suggests good adhesion/interaction between SWNT and the oxidized matrix. Thermal stresses generated on the composite fiber during the oxidation process were lower than those for the control fiber. The potential of PAN/SWNT composite fiber as the precursor material for the carbon fiber has been discussed.     

Stabilization and carbonization of gel spun polyacrylonitrile/single wall carbon nanotube composite fibers

Gel spun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) composite fibers have been stabilized in air and subsequently carbonized in argon at 1100 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy suggests that the presence of single wall carbon nanotube affects PAN stabilization. Carbonized PAN/SWNT fibers exhibited 10-30 nm diameter fibrils embedded in brittle carbon matrix, while the control PAN carbonized under the same conditions exhibited brittle fracture with no fibrils. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggest the existence of well developed graphitic regions in carbonized PAN/SWNT and mostly disordered carbon in carbonized PAN. Tensile modulus and strength of the carbonized fibers were as high as 250 N/tex and 1.8 N/tex for the composite fibers and 168 N/tex and 1.1 N/tex for the control PAN based carbon fibers, respectively. The addition of 1 wt% carbon nanotubes enhanced the carbon fiber modulus by 49% and strength by 64%.     

美国卓尔泰克(ZOLTEK)公司炭纤维的发展

介绍美国卓尔泰克公司炭纤维的现状与进展，包括卓尔泰克公司的发展战略、新产品的PANEX 35炭纤维系列和大丝束炭纤维的优点与应用领域等。     

酚醛纤维的研究进展及应用

综述了国内外酚醛纤维的研究发展情况;介绍了酚醛纤维在阻燃、增强、耐烧蚀绝热材料、抗菌、制备酚醛基碳纤维以及酚醛基活性炭纤维等方面的应用;指出加快发展我国酚醛纤维产品的必要性,各种高性能、功能化酚醛纤维、酚醛基碳纤维以及酚醛基活性炭纤维将是未来研究开发的重点。     

Recycling carbon fiber composites using microwave irradiation: Reinforcement study of the recycled fiber in new composites

With increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in transportation, sports, and many other industries, recycling of the scrap and end‐of‐life composites has presented both great challenges and opportunities. In this work, we report our study on reclaiming carbon fibers from CFRP using energy efficient microwave irradiation. Different irradiation conditions were used and the optimal conditions were determined based on the surface morphology of the recycled fiber. Polypropylene (PP) and Nylon, representing nonpolar and polar polymers, respectively, were reinforced using the recycled fiber through extrusion and injection molding. For comparison, PP and Nylon reinforced by virgin carbon fiber were also prepared using the same processing conditions. Tensile, flexural, and impact test results showed that, while both carbon fibers could improve these properties, they exhibited different reinforcing effects on the two polymers. The recycled fiber outperformed the virgin fiber in reinforcing PP whereas the virgin fiber performed better in Nylon. This was due to the differences in surface roughness, surface bonding, and fiber aspect ratio between the two fibers. This study shows the great potential of recycled carbon fiber and microwave irradiation as an effective recycling technique. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42658.     

聚乙二醇对碳纤维电极材料性能的影响

以聚乙二醇为改性剂,采用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈纤维。经预氧化、碳化过程制备了聚丙烯腈基碳纤维。用SEM、XRD等手段表征了碳纤维的微观形貌及结构。用XPS测试表征了碳纤维表面元素含量。用循环伏安测试法测试碳纤维电极材料的电化学性能。实验结果表明,当聚乙二醇加入量为4％时,得到的碳纤维电极材料电容性能最佳,其比电容值达到126．84F／g。