Complex Lie symmetries for scalar second-order ordinary differential equations

A scalar complex ordinary differential equation can be considered as two coupled real partial differential equations, along with the constraint of the Cauchy–Riemann equations, which constitute a system of four equations for two unknown real functions of two real variables. It is shown that the resulting system possesses those real Lie symmetries that are obtained by splitting each complex Lie symmetry of the given complex ordinary differential equation. Further, if we restrict the complex function to be of a single real variable, then the complex ordinary differential equation yields a coupled system of two ordinary differential equations and their invariance can be obtained in a non-trivial way from the invariance of the restricted complex differential equation. Also, the use of a complex Lie symmetry reduces the order of the complex ordinary differential equation (restricted complex ordinary differential equation) by one, which in turn yields a reduction in the order by one of the system of partial differential equations (system of ordinary differential equations). In this paper, for simplicity, we investigate the case of scalar second-order ordinary differential equations. As a consequence, we obtain an extension of the Lie table for second-order equations with two symmetries.     

高阶非线性差分方程的导数收敛及其应用

首先研究高阶线性差分方程的整体收敛性，并证明了高阶非线性差分方程各阶导数的整体收敛；进而得到了关于高阶非线性差分方程整体收敛的一个定理，最后利用这个定理部分解决了Ladas提出的一个猜测。     

An iterative splitting approach for linear integro-differential equations

The motivation for this paper is to solve a model based on the dynamics of electrons in a plasma using a simplified Boltzmann equation. Such problems have arisen in active plasma resonance spectroscopy, which is used for plasma diagnostic techniques; see Braithwaite and Franklin (2009) [1]. We propose a modified iterative splitting approach to solve the Boltzmann equations as a system of integro-differential equations. To enable solution by fast and iterative computations, we first transform the integro-differential equations into second order differential equations. Second, we split each second order differential equations into two first order differential equations via a splitting approach. We carry out an error analysis of the higher order iterative approach. Numerical experiments with a simplified Boltzmann equation will be discussed, along with the benefits of computing with this splitting approach.     

二阶复域微分方程解的不动点与超级

文中首次研究了４种类型的整函数系数的二阶线性微分方程的解的不动点及超级问题,得到：复域微分方程解的不动点性质,由于受到微分方程的制约,与一般超越整函数的不动点性质相比,是十分有趣的．     

Classification of discrete equations linearizable by point transformation on a square lattice

We provide a complete set of linearizability conditions for nonlinear partial difference equations defined on four points and, using them, we classify all linearizable multilinear partial difference equations defined on four points up to a Möbious transformation.     

High accuracy cubic spline finite difference approximation for the solution of one-space dimensional non-linear wave equations

In this paper, we propose a new three-level implicit nine point compact cubic spline finite difference formulation of order two in time and four in space directions, based on cubic spline approximation in x-direction and finite difference approximation in t-direction for the numerical solution of one-space dimensional second order non-linear hyperbolic partial differential equations. We describe the mathematical formulation procedure in details and also discuss how our formulation is able to handle wave equation in polar coordinates. The proposed method when applied to a linear hyperbolic equation is also shown to be unconditionally stable. Numerical results are provided to justify the usefulness of the proposed method.     

Generalization of the simplest equation method for nonlinear non-autonomous differential equations

It is known that the simplest equation method is applied for finding exact solutions of autonomous nonlinear differential equations. In this paper we extend this method for finding exact solutions of non-autonomous nonlinear differential equations (DEs). We applied the generalized approach to look for exact special solutions of three Painlevé equations. As ODE of lower order than Painlevé equations the Riccati equation is taken. The obtained exact special solutions are expressed in terms of the special functions defined by linear ODEs of the second order.     

二阶线性微分方程亚纯解的不动点与超级

本文研究了以亚纯函数为系数的二阶线性微分方程的解及其一阶和二阶导数的不动点及超级问题，得到：二阶线性微分方程亚纯解及其一阶和二阶导数的不动点性质，由于受到微分方程的限制，与一般亚纯函数的不动点性质相比是十分有趣的，事实上，它们与解的增长性密切相关。     

动力学方程的积分型直接积分法

提出了一个求解动力学问题的新方法(DIM-IM).将动力学方程化成积分方程的形式,借助于该方程构造出了具有显式预测-校正的单步、自起动和四阶精度的积分型直接积分算法.理论分析和算例指出,这一方法较中心差分法、Houbolt法、Newmark法和Wilson-θ法都有较高的精度.本方法适用于强非线性,非保守系统.     

用于求根问题的一个基于Thiele连分式的四阶收敛的迭代方法

利用截断的Thiele连分式,本文给出了一个求解非线性单变量方程的单步迭代方法,并证明了所提出的迭代方法具有四阶收敛性.最后,本文通过一些数值例子说明了所提出的方法的有效性和表现.     

Solving 2D and 3D Poisson equations and biharmonic equations by the Haar wavelet method

In this paper, we present a computational method for solving 2D and 3D Poisson equations and biharmonic equations which based on the use of Haar wavelets. The highest derivative appearing in the differential equation is expanded into the Haar series, this approximation is integrated while the boundary conditions are incorporated by using integration constants. In 2D the first transform the spectral coefficients into the nodal variable values and then use Kronecker products to construct the approximations for derivatives over a tensor product grid of the horizontal and vertical blocks. Finally, solutions to four test problems are investigated.     

Asymptotic properties of solutions to linear non-autonomous neutral differential equations

In this article we study asymptotic properties of solutions to first order linear neutral differential equations with variable coefficients and constant delays. Results are stated in terms of the solution to a characteristic equation. By doing this, we extend some of the results obtained for delay equations in [J.G. Dix, Ch.G. Philos, I.K. Purnaras, An asymptotic property of solutions to linear non-autonomous delay differential equations, Electron. J. Differential Equations 2005 (2005) 1-9] to neutral equations.     

声波方程吸收边界条件的稳定性分析

引言对于无界区域中波动现象的数值模拟，必需引进人工边界将计算限制在一个有界区域上．为了确定解，需要在人工边界上加适当的边界条件．对于声波和弹性波方程，这样的一组人工边界条件，也叫吸收边界条件，在［1，2］中被系统地构造出来．对于声波方程，这些吸收边界条件恰好是单程波方程的近似．如山中所指出，减少边界反射，便于在计算中应用和稳定性是构造吸收边界条件的三点关键．Ellgqllist和Maid。用模态分析方法15］证明，带有［IJ中构造的吸收边界条件的波动方程初边值问题是适定的，并且估计了人工边界所产生的误差．对于更广…     

The Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation revisited: Low-dimensional corresponding systems

The main aim of this paper is to study the behaviors of the spatially periodic initial value problem for the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (K–S) equation with the viscosity parameter. This is done by using spatially truncated Fourier decomposition with Fourier coefficients a system of ordinary differential equations in time variable. As a low-dimensional dynamical system we start with a system of four ordinary differential equations which has by itself interesting behaviors, specially a new behavior is found for that system. Then these results are applied to the K–S equation where some behaviors are in good agreement with some previous numerical experiments. Finally the order of truncation is increased with the resultant: chaotic behavior of the K–S equation for a value of the parameter is shown by calculation of the Lyapunov exponents.     

ENUMERATIONS OF ONE-VERTEX MAPS WITH FACE PARTITION ON THE PLANE

In addition to the known method given in [1],authors provide other three methods to the enumeration of one-vertex maps with face partition on the plane.Correspondingly,there are four functional equations in the enufuntion .It is shown that the four equations are equivalent.Moreover,an explicit expression of the solution is found by expanding the powers of the matrix of infinite order directly.This is a new complement of what appeared in [1].     

On the oscillation theory of periodic linear differential equations

For equations in a broad class of linear differential equations of arbitrary order having periodic coefficients, we set forth a procedure for determining large regions in the plane in which no solution f(z) ? 0 can have infinitely many zeros. This permits us to determine locations in the plane where the zeros of a solution must be concentrated. Our results apply to higher-order analogues of the well-known Mathieu equation. The class of equations we treat has been investigated in several recent papers (e.g. [6, 7, 8, 9]) from the point of view of determining the frequency of zeros of the solutions     

Rank 2 commuting ordinary differential operators and Darboux conjugates of KdV

By considering the factorizations (flags) and associated (simultaneous) second order Darboux transformations of the square and cube of an arbitrary second order Schrödinger operator, we generate commuting ordinary differential operators of orders four and six with a singular elliptic spectrum. This procedure generates true rank 2 commutative algebras. Under the KdV flow, each such factorization (flag) leads to an integrable equation for which the corresponding Darboux transformation generates a Lax-type operator as one of a commuting pair of orders four and six with singular elliptic spectrum. Hence, these integrable equations are Darboux conjugates of KdV.     

非线性对流扩散方程的守恒律

利用直接方法研究了非线性对流扩散方程的守恒律,得到了关于非线性对流扩散方程的守恒律乘子性质的一个定理.利用这个定理,可以简化守恒律乘子的确定方程.随后通过对确定方程中的变量函数进行分析,发现在四种情况下乘子的确定方程是可解的.最后解出这些守恒律乘子,利用积分公式法分别得到了四种情况下对应于各个守恒律乘子的守恒律.     

The operator equations of Lippmann–Schwinger type for acoustic and electromagnetic scattering problems in L 2

This article is concerned with the scattering of acoustic and electromagnetic time harmonic plane waves by an inhomogeneous medium. These problems can be translated into volume integral equations of the second kind – the most prominent example is the Lippmann–Schwinger integral equation. In this work, we study a particular class of scattering problems where the integral operator in the corresponding operator equation of Lippmann–Schwinger type fails to be compact. Such integral equations typically arise if the modelling of the inhomogeneous medium necessitates space-dependent coefficients in the highest order terms of the underlying partial differential equation. The two examples treated here are acoustic scattering from a medium with a space-dependent material density and electromagnetic medium scattering where both the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability vary. In these cases, Riesz theory is not applicable for the solution of the arising integral equations of Lippmann–Schwinger type. Therefore, we show that positivity assumptions on the relative material parameters allow to prove positivity of the arising volume potentials in tailor-made weighted spaces of square integrable functions. This result merely holds for imaginary wavenumber and we exploit a compactness argument to conclude that the arising integral equations are of Fredholm type, even if the integral operators themselves are not compact. Finally, we explain how the solution of the integral equations in L ² affects the notion of a solution of the scattering problem and illustrate why the order of convergence of a Galerkin scheme set up in L ² does not suffer from our L ² setting, compared to schemes in higher order Sobolev spaces.     

关于高阶整函数系数微分方程解的超级

研究两种类型的高阶线性齐次整函数系数微分方程解的增长性问题。对于这两种类型的方程,当存在某个系数对方程的解的性质起主要支配作用时,得到了方程解的超级的估计,特别是对零点收敛指数是有穷的解,得到了解的超级的精确估计。