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1.
    
肉制品中含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪及糖类等物质,这些营养物质在特定加工条件下可发生相互作用,形成有害化合物,如烟熏过程中易于生成的多环芳烃、高温烹饪条件下易于生成的杂环胺以及添加亚硝酸盐作防腐剂时易于生成的N-亚硝基化合物等。本文综述以上3 类物质的危害性、形成途径、限量标准及相关控制方法的研究进展,以期为健康肉制品的开发提供理论参考。  相似文献   

2.
肉制品中3类有害物质的来源与控制方法研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
肉制品中含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪及糖类等物质,这些营养物质在特定加工条件下可发生相互作用,形成有害化合物,如烟熏过程中易于生成的多环芳烃、高温烹饪条件下易于生成的杂环胺以及添加亚硝酸盐作防腐剂时易于生成的N-亚硝基化合物等。本文综述以上3 类物质的危害性、形成途径、限量标准及相关控制方法的研究进展,以期为健康肉制品的开发提供理论参考。  相似文献   

3.
    
Cooking improves digestibility, palatability, and microbiological profile of meats, but can produce compounds with carcinogenic potential, such as heterocyclic amines (HAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It has been shown that the formation of these compounds in meats can be inhibited by spiced marinades, but there is a complexity to check and compare the results of isolated studies with so many variables involved. Thus, this work aimed to review studies that evaluated the effects of spices on the formation of HAs and PAHs in meats according to cooking techniques and spice type. A meta-analysis with a random effect model was conducted using response ratios (R) to identify and summarize previous results and answer the research question. The use of spices before frying (R* = 0.52), grilling (R* = 0.63), or roasting (R* = 0.74) meat, and spicing with garlic and onion (R* = 0.57), pepper (R* = 0.63), and other spices with phenolic compounds (R* = 0.63), decrease the formation of HAs and PAHs, due to the antioxidant and electron transfer capacity. In this article, we discuss how the improvement of culinary techniques with the dissemination of knowledge about meat preparation conditions is an effective strategy for reducing the formation and ingestion of HAs and PAHs; this is important due to the growing evidence about the association between meat consumption and chronic diseases. This is the first systematic review with meta-analysis about this topic and can guide industry, food services, and population to improve the safety associated with meat consumption.  相似文献   

4.
烧烤肉制品因具有独特的色泽、香气和口感受到消费者的喜爱,但传统烤制通常是在高温条件下进行,肉制品在高温下会发生脂肪裂解、美拉德反应等生成多环芳烃、杂环胺等有害物质。该文综述了烧烤肉制品中多环芳烃、杂环胺等有害物质形成途径、影响因素、抑制方法的研究进展,主要阐述了烧烤肉制品通过HAVA机理和Diels-Alder机理形成多环芳烃,通过自由基途径及美拉德反应形成杂环胺,并为此提出合理控制烤制温度和烤制时间,合理选择烤制技术,添加外源物质抑制有害物质的生成等防控方法,为优化烧烤肉制品加工工艺,促进肉制品行业的绿色安全发展提供理论基础。  相似文献   

5.
肉制品加工过程中往往伴随着脂质氧化的发生,现有研究表明,脂质氧化能影响肉制品中杂环胺、N-亚硝基化合物、晚期糖基化终末产物及多环芳烃等有害物质的生成,这些物质的积累会降低肉制品的食用安全性并危害人体健康。本文综述了肉制品中脂质氧化的机制及氧化产物的反应活性、脂质氧化对肉制品中上述4 类有害物质形成的影响及相关控制措施,以期从控制脂质氧化的角度出发为肉制品安全性生产工艺提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
烘烤对肉制品中多环芳烃和杂环胺含量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
烘烤是肉制品加工中重要的工艺之一,但经烘烤的肉制品中含有多环芳烃、杂环胺等有害物质,对消费者的健康造成很大的威胁.介绍了多环芳烃、杂环胺及其对人体的危害,重点阐述了烘烤对肉制品中多环芳烃和杂环胺含量的影响及其控制方法.  相似文献   

7.
煎炸是最常用的烹调方法之一.肉类食品在煎炸过程中能产生杂环胺,多环芳香烃等强致癌物,对人体健康存在极大的危害.本文就影响煎炸肉制品中杂环胺及多环芳香烃化合物形成的因素进行了分析,并提出具体的控制措施.  相似文献   

8.
烤肉中添加不同种类的糖,分析糖的添加对4种杂环胺以及5种α-二羰基化合物形成的影响,通过杂环胺与α-二羰基化合物形成量的相关性分析,探讨糖对杂环胺抑制作用机制。结果表明:不同种类的糖均可显著抑制杂环胺(PhIP、IQ、MeIQ和MeIQx)的生成,且不同种类的糖对杂环胺的形成存在显著的量效关系。其中葡萄糖、果糖和蜂蜜对于各种杂环胺的抑制效果明显高于蔗糖。同时添加不同种类的糖,α-二羰基化合物(丙酮醛、乙二醛、3-脱氧葡萄糖醛酮和葡萄糖醛酮)的产生量显著增加,且均与糖量呈显著量效关系。通过相关性分析表明添加葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和蜂蜜时,α-二羰基化合物的形成总量与杂环胺形成总量之间呈负相关性。验证了糖对食品中杂环胺的抑制作用可能是通过热降解形成的α-二羰基化合物实现的。  相似文献   

9.
随着消费结构升级,消费者对肉制品营养与食用安全性的要求日渐提高,肉品工业发展模式也将从量的扩张向质的提升转变。肉制品加工和储藏过程中产生的潜在致癌物杂环胺类物质是研究者的关注热点之一。本文就肉制品中潜在致癌物杂环胺为论述对象,从其结构分类、危害、检测、形成机理以及控制方面综述其当前的研究进展,并对其以后的研究做出展望。  相似文献   

10.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. The vast majority of CRC cases have been linked to environmental causes rather than to heritable genetic changes. Over the last decades, epidemiological evidence linking the consumption of red and, more convincingly, of processed red meat to CRC has accumulated. In parallel, hypotheses on carcinogenic mechanisms underlying an association between CRC and the intake of red and processed red meat have been proposed and investigated in biological studies. The hypotheses that have received most attention until now include (1) the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines, two groups of compounds recognized as carcinogenic, (2) the enhancing effect of (nitrosyl)heme on the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and lipid peroxidation. However, none of these hypotheses completely explains the link between red and processed red meat intake and the CRC risk. Consequently, scientists have proposed additional mechanisms or refined their hypotheses. This review first briefly summarizes the development of CRC followed by an in-depth overview and critical discussion of the different potential carcinogenic mechanisms underlying the increased CRC risk associated with the consumption of red and processed red meat.  相似文献   

11.
煎炸熏烤肉制品容易导致杂环胺的产生。杂环胺大多具有致癌致突变性,特别是2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹啉(IQ),已被国际癌症研究中心列为"对人类高可疑致癌物(2A级)",对人体的健康存在极大的危害。主要对杂环胺形成的影响因素进行了分析,并提出了具体的抑制措施,以增加公众对杂环胺的认识,为健康饮食提供科学依据。  相似文献   

12.
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds, which are commonly detectable in cooked meat products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sheep breeds on the formation of HAAs in smoking cooked lamb. The results showed that HAAs in smoked lamb meat products were generally low (2.74–5.42 ng g?1), with most being Harman and Norharman. IQ, MeIQx, 4,8‐DiMeIQx, Trp‐p‐2, PhIP and MeAaC were not detected in smoked lamb meat products in the present study. The total content of HAAs differed between meat products of different sheep breeds, but no difference in the order of magnitude was determined. Smoking altered the content of protein, fat, moisture and free amino acids in lamb meat products, which was probably mostly contributed by the reduction in meat moisture. Free tryptophan decreased in all breeds after smoking, which was probably used to synthesise HAAs. In summary, HAAs were low in smoked lamb meat products of all sheep breeds; thus, consumption of smoked lamb meat products should contribute very limited intake of HAAs.  相似文献   

13.
烟熏肉制品中的多环芳香烃   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
江燕 《肉类工业》2007,(12):44-45
综述了烟熏肉制品中的多环芳烃的产生过程,并对烟熏肉制品中多环芳烃存在的问题和发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

14.
    
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) as probable carcinogenic substances are mainly generated in meat products during thermal processing. Numerous studies have contributed to the analysis, formation, and mitigation of HAAs during food processing. However, few articles have comprehensively reviewed food safety aspects from both food processing and dietary intake regarding the formation, mitigation, metabolism, biomarkers for exposure, hazard control, and risk assessment of HAAs, and related food safety researches. Several factors may influence the generation of HAAs, including processing temperature, processing time, and chemical composition of the meat. Nonetheless, these mutagenic compounds are attenuated to different levels by the addition of natural or synthetic flavorings and antioxidant‐rich marinades, as well as pretreatments using technique such as microwave heating. After dietary intake, different types of HAAs are metabolized in humans by several enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, peroxidases, N‐acetyltransferases, sulfotransferases, uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferases, and glutathione S‐transferases. Their primary metabolites are further conjugated with DNA or ultimately excreted in urine and feces. The 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine in hair as well as DNA, hemoglobin, and serum albumin adducts has been considered as biomarkers for exposure assessment. Dietary intake information obtained from questionnaires and the results of epidemiological investigations have shown a positive relationship between the intakes of red meat and processed meat and high risk of cancer incidence. As several cancers have been reported to be associated with HAAs, HAAs should be both effectively reduced during food processing and controlled from dietary intake to facilitate human health.  相似文献   

15.
16.
传统肉制品中多环芳烃来源和检测方法研究进展   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4  
详细阐述了目前传统肉制品中多环芳烃的产生途径主要是肉制品烟熏工艺、脂肪的焦化和裂解、蛋白质高温分解和糖的不完全燃烧造成的,指出多环芳烃检测中前处理过程的重要性和困难性,讨论了各种前处理过程和检测方式的优缺点,并将我国食品中多环芳烃限量标准与欧盟限量标准相比较,指出我国在多环芳烃限量保准方面与欧盟的差距,并对多环芳烃的检测和控制技术进行展望.  相似文献   

17.
    
Excessive oil uptake and formation of carcinogens, such as acrylamide (AA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), during deep-frying are a potential threat for food quality and safety. Cellulose- and chitosan-based edible coatings have been widely applied to deep-fried foods for reduction of oil uptake because of their barrier property to limit oil ingress, and their apparent inhibition of AA formation. Cellulose- and chitosan-based edible coatings have low negative impacts on sensory attributes of fried foods and are low cost, nontoxic, and nonallergenic. They also show great potential for reducing HCAs and PAHs in fried foods. The incorporation of nanoparticles improves mechanical and barrier properties of cellulose and chitosan coatings, which may also contribute to reducing carcinogens derived from deep-frying. Considering the potential for positive health outcomes, cellulose- and chitosan-based edible coatings could be a valuable method for the food industry to improve the quality and safety of deep-fried foods.  相似文献   

18.
杂环胺是一类极易在烧烤类肉制品加工过程中产生的物质,过量摄入具有致癌或致突变风险。本文综述了肉制品加工过程中杂环胺类物质(包括氨基-咪唑-氮杂芳烃和氨基-咔啉类)的形成机制;分析了影响肉制品加工过程中杂环胺类物质形成因素,包括加工条件(温度与时间)、烹饪方法、前体物质含量和原料肉中水分含量;重点综述了杂环胺类物质的控制技术,如改善加工方式(微波加热预处理、包裹隔热食品辅料、酒类腌制)、添加外源抑制物如植物性天然抗氧化物(香辛料、茶叶提取物、果蔬及果蔬提取物)、保水性物质(纤维素、壳聚糖、淀粉)等,为加工肉制品中杂环胺的控制技术研发与应用提供理论指导与方法参考。  相似文献   

19.
分别将2.5%、5.0%、7.5%和10.0%的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)和淀粉添加于猪肉中,采用UHPLC-MS/MS法测定其中16种杂环胺的含量,探讨其对杂环胺形成的影响。结果表明:添加2.5%的SPI和淀粉后,除喹喔啉类(Me IQx和4,8-Di Me IQx)外,各杂环胺的含量均显著增加(p<0.05)。随着添加量的增加,杂环胺的含量先升高后开始下降。当添加量达到10.0%时,SPI的添加对4,8-Di Me IQx的形成出现显著抑制作用(p<0.05),而淀粉的添加对吡啶和喹啉/喹喔啉杂环胺的促进作用则变得不再显著(p<0.05)。由此可见,SPI和淀粉的添加对烤猪肉体系中多数杂环胺的形成具有低剂量促进,且随着剂量的增多促进效果逐渐减弱的影响规律。   相似文献   

20.
外源成分对肉制品中杂环胺抑制效果的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杂环胺是一类由高蛋白类食品在高温烹调加工时产生的具有致癌和致突变性的有机物。肉制品加工过程中烧烤、卤煮、煎炸和油炸等多种热加工方式均可导致杂环胺的生成,通过添加外源成分抑制肉制品加工过程中杂环胺的形成是当前研究热点。本文重点对外源添加成分对不同加工方式肉制品杂环胺形成的抑制研究进行综述,并对其研究现状进行简要总结。  相似文献   

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