晶化温度对花岗岩废渣微晶玻璃结构及抗弯强度的影响

以花岗岩废渣为原料,用熔融法制备了R2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃.用DSC、XRD、FESEM、EDS等分析手段探究了晶化温度(975～ 1160℃)对微晶玻璃显微结构和四点抗弯强度的影响.结果表明:随晶化温度的提高,样品的主晶相逐渐由镁硅酸盐、镁黄长石向镁铝硅酸盐、顽辉石转变,最终形成块状顽辉石、柱状镁橄榄石和多面体状尖晶石.晶化温度为1040℃时,由镁铝硅酸盐、顽辉石堆叠形成的针状聚集体和致密块状聚集体相间排布的特殊结构有利于增强微晶玻璃的抗弯性能,其四点抗弯强度达到145.99 MPa;随着晶化温度的进一步提高,四点抗弯强度下降.     

晶化温度对R2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶和力学性能的影响

采用整体析晶法,以花岗岩废渣为主要原料,TiO2和P2O5作复合晶核剂,制备了R2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃.用DSC、XRD、SEM等表征方法研究了晶化温度对微晶玻璃的晶相组成、显微结构和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:晶化温度为900℃时,析出镁铝钛酸盐和顽辉石晶相.晶化温度在1080～ 1200℃之间时,微晶玻璃中析出棒状假蓝宝石、镁铝钛酸盐、顽辉石的复合晶相,随晶化温度的升高,晶相含量增加,晶粒尺寸增大.晶化温度为1240℃时,假蓝宝石相减少,尖晶石相析出.在1200℃晶化2h后的微晶玻璃四点抗弯强度最高,达到109.25 MPa.     

利用高炉渣和粉煤灰制备微晶玻璃热处理制度的优化

以高炉渣及粉煤灰为原料,采用直接烧结法制备废渣微晶玻璃,通过正交试验研究热处理制度对微晶玻璃抗弯强度的影响.结果表明:影响微晶玻璃抗弯性能的热处理制度因素的主次顺序为晶化温度、升温速率、晶化时间和烧结时间.最佳的热处理制度参数为晶化温度970℃、晶化时间1.5h、升温速率5℃·min-、烧结温度1150℃;制备的废渣微晶玻璃主晶相为钙镁黄长石,晶粒形貌呈方块状,晶粒尺寸约2 μm;废渣利用率高,高炉渣利用率达90％,微晶玻璃性能优良.     

晶化时间对BaO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃相转变和热膨胀系数的影响

用X射线衍射、差示扫描量热法和热膨胀系数测试研究了BaO-Al2O3-SiO2(BAS)系微晶玻璃的不同晶化时间对其相组成和热膨胀系数的影响.结果表明:在850 ℃,BAS玻璃快速晶化析出六方钡长石;随着晶化时间的延长,六方钡长石逐渐向单斜钡长石转变;当晶化时间为24 h时,六方钡长石完全转变为单斜钡长石.微晶玻璃的相组成与热膨胀系数的关系近似满足两相模型,可通过改变晶化时间来控制相组成,方便的获得热膨胀系数在(4～8.75)×10-6/℃范围内可调整的BAS系微晶玻璃.     

厚膜介质用CaO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃的研究

以CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2(CAS)系微晶玻璃作为厚膜介质,研究CAS系微晶玻璃中形核剂的选择,以及形核剂对CAS玻璃的软化温度与析晶温度的影响规律,使其烧成温度与析晶温度满足厚膜电路850℃标准烧成工艺的要求;并简单分析形核剂的作用机理。     

热处理对硼泥微晶玻璃微观结构的影响

以硼泥为主要原料制备微晶玻璃,通过DTA, XRD, SEM等分析方法,对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃的析晶性能进行研究,系统地分析了烧结时间和晶化时间对微晶玻璃结构的影响. 结果表明其主晶相为钙铁辉石,次晶相为尖晶石和橄榄石,晶粒的尺寸约为2~5 μm;其集合体呈枝晶、柱状晶体和块状晶体;在780℃下的最佳烧结时间为4 h,最佳晶化时间为4 h.     

热处理温度对磷渣-煤矸石微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

以磷渣和煤矸石为原料,采用一步烧结法制备了性能优良的CaO?Al2O3?SiO2(CAS)系微晶玻璃,用差示扫描量热法(DSC),X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对其进行分析和表征,研究了热处理温度对微晶玻璃晶相组成、微观结构和宏观性能的影响规律。结果表明,固废利用率达100%,微晶玻璃性能良好;以磷渣和煤矸石为原料在1250℃下熔融2 h、于850℃热处理保温2 h可制备主晶相为假硅灰石Ca3(Si3O9)的微晶玻璃,其抗折强度、显微硬度和体积密度分别为74.4 MPa,566.9 HV和2.75 g/cm3。随热处理温度升高,微晶玻璃主晶相由Ca3(Si3O9)相转变为硅灰石CaSiO3相,晶体形态由球状向针状、短柱状改变,对提高微晶玻璃抗折性能有利,而显微硬度和体积密度均先增加后降低。     

晶化温度对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系尖晶石微晶玻璃结构与性能的影响

采用熔融法制备了MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂系微晶玻璃,利用DSC、XRD、SEM等表征手段研究了晶化温度对微晶玻璃结构与性能的影响。结果表明,晶化温度为860℃时,有尖晶石晶体析出。晶化温度为1037℃、1080℃时,主晶相为尖晶石,次晶相为二钛酸镁和钛酸锆,随着晶化温度的升高,晶相含量增多,晶粒尺寸增加。晶化温度为1120℃时,主晶相仍为尖晶石,次晶相为金红石、钛酸锆。在1080℃晶化2 h后的微晶玻璃具有最佳的综合性能,其显微硬度为8.59 GPa,抗弯强度为146.0 MPa,热膨胀系数6.05×10^-6/K,密度为2.760 g/cm³。     

晶化温度对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Fe2O3系粉煤灰微晶玻璃析晶及性能的影响

以粉煤灰、石灰石和无水碳酸钠为原料,通过烧结法制备了以钙长石、钙铁辉石和霞石为晶相的复合晶相微晶玻璃.借助差热分析、X射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜研究了晶化温度(850～1100℃)对微晶玻璃析晶行为、显微形貌和性能的影响.结果表明:随晶化温度的升高钙长石和霞石晶相的含量先增加后降低,钙铁辉石晶相含量逐渐增加,同时微晶玻璃中晶体形态逐渐由球形微晶发育成柱状,最后长成片状;晶化温度的升高有利于微晶玻璃的烧结致密化,1050℃时微晶玻璃的线收缩率和体积密度达到最大,分别为17.04％和2.76 g/cm3,吸水率最小,为0.01％.过高的晶化温度(1100℃)会降低其致密程度.     

CeO_2含量对白云鄂博西尾矿为原料制备的微晶玻璃力学性能的影响

以白云鄂博西尾矿和粉煤灰为主要原料,采用熔铸法制备了高性能的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAMS)系微晶玻璃。研究了不同晶化温度下CeO2含量对CAMS系微晶玻璃析晶行为、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ce4+离子可以置换辉石相主晶相中Ca2+形成置换固溶体;质量分数为0.6%的CeO2可以降低微晶玻璃的晶化温度、提高辉石相结晶度、促进其形成交错咬合的枝晶结构,从而提高微晶玻璃样品的抗折强度和显微硬度;过量的CeO2富集于辉石相晶间并进而形成Ca2Ce8(SiO4)6O2第二相晶间相,阻碍辉石相的形成和长大,从而使样品的力学性能有所降低。添加0.6%CeO2的微晶玻璃样品经870℃晶化2 h后,抗折强度和显微硬度分别达到234 MPa和6.982 GPa。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.