生气通天话阳气

正"生气通天论"是《黄帝内经》专门记述人体阴阳与自然界息息相应,互相贯通,人的生命活动与自然界的变化密切相通道理和意义的文献。生气指的人体的阳气,通,即贯通,天即是自然界。即人身的阳气与自然界相应贯通。阳气在人的生命活动中起到重要作用,是维持生命活动的根本动力。因此,顺应天气,以护阳气,是维持人体健康防病     

论脑主脏腑之神

中医学中关于“神”的论述很多,但归纳起来,也不外两个方面.一是指自然界之神,即自然界中运动变化着的阴阳二气.二是指人之神.所谓人之神,是人体生命活动的总称,它有广义和狭义之分.     

天人相应理论与四季阳气调摄

中医学"天人相应"理论源于"天人合一"的中国古代哲学思想,天、地、人为统一整体,人是自然界的产物,生于天地之间,受自然环境的影响,人的生命活动必须与天、地的运行变化协调一致,因此顺应自然环境变化规律是养生的基本法则。人体的正常运转与阳气密切相关,阳气是五脏六腑之气发生功能活动的表现,在一年四季中,阳气有生、长、收、藏的变化过程,人应该根据阳气的生长变化,适时调整机体活动,以顺应自然。     

《黄帝内经》五运六气理论形成的天文学背景

五运六气理论是《黄帝内经》的重要组成部分.突出强调了“人与天地相参”的整体医学观念,在研究人体生命活动规律时,充分运用了中国古代天文学研究成果,认为人体与自然界所有生物一样,生命活动及疾病变化与自然阴阳寒暑变化同步,并具有与自然气候规律同步的节律.阐述《黄帝内经》五运六气理论形成的天文学背景,从侧面反映了《黄帝内经》“人与天地相参”的科学性,对深入探索《黄帝内经》的自然科学内涵及人体生命规律,以及指导临床防病治病具有重要意义.     

四季变化与伏邪

正古代医家认为人的生命活动与自然界的变化有着密切的联系,从人的生理、病理、摄生各方面都直接受到自然界四季气候变化的影响。四季气候及环境的变化,直接影响人体的阴阳平衡,从而确立了"天人相应"的整体观。《素问》:"无覆地载,万物悉备,莫贵于人。"人以天地之气生,四时之法成。"人与天地相参也,与日习相应也"。同时也认识到人体受到自然界四时气候变化致病因素候袭后,不一定立即发病,要经过一段时间或一个季节而发病,这就是祖国医学极具特色的"伏邪"学说,几千年来对人类诊断、治疗疑难疾病,探索病因病机,指导治疗用药,具有重要临床意义。     

中医生活起居护理

1 生活起居护理的基本原则
　　1.1顺应自然
　　中医学认为,“天人相应”,人体与自然界是息息相关的。自然界的各种变化,都会影响人的生命活动,人与自然界是一个统一的整体。因此,顺应四时阴阳变化和自然规律是病人生活起居不可违背的基本法则之一。
　　自然界有春、夏、秋、冬四季变化,人的生理活动也会随之改变。善于养生者就要使人体与四季变化相适应,保持人与自然环境的协调统一,以祛病延年。若不顺应其变化,就等于削伐、伤害了生命的根本,对于维护和恢复健康是极为不利的。所以生活起居护理,首先必须从顺应一年四时阴阳的变化规律人手,制定出不同的护理方法。在春夏季节的护理中,要注意保护病人的阳气不要消耗过分;秋冬时节则应注意防寒,积蓄阴精。同样,一日之中人体的生理活动也随着昼夜晨昏而变化。随着阴阳之气的消长,人气也有着朝生夕衰的规律,从而使疾病出现“旦慧”、“夜甚”的现象。除此之外,气候、地域和居处等环境的改变,也会引起人体生理、病理方面变化。因此,必须根据四时阴阳的变化规律来进行生活起居护理,顺应自然。     

《内经》人体观

所谓人体观,就是人们对人在自然界中的地拉,人体物质和结构及其与自然环境的关系,人体生命活动及其与自然界运动变化的关系等问题的基本认识。《内经》的人体观主要表现为以下二个论点: 一、人以天地之气生,四时之法成,人亦-小天地自然与万物都是元气逐步分化演变而来的。万物之中包括着人,人也是元气分化演     

人体阴阳关系的季节性特征在一般体能训练中的应用

人类运动训练是以人的"类生命"进一步开发"种生命"的特定活动。从此意义上讲,运动训练也是以关爱运动员的生命为前提的教育过程。但众所周知,这种活动给机体带来了不可避免的损伤,使得运动员的运动生命及生命遭到威胁,怎样才能在保证这个活动正常进行的基础上尽量减低这种活动带来的伤害就成了人们研究的问题,如在一般体能训练中,人们更多关注的是体能训练的手段与方法,很少注重运动员自身的机体功能特征与自然界的功能特征,此文章从中医学的人体机构阴阳关系、脉络阴阳关系、五脏功能关系等方面论证了人体阴阳季节性变换与体能训练的一致性。并拟定了体能训练年周期安排和日周期安排及五脏功能的训练安排,以使运动员更好适应自然界环境的变化,减少高强度训练对机体的损害及疾病的发生。     

人体的昼夜节律与临床用药时辰

人体昼夜节律是机体适应自然环境的一种表现,是生命活动的基本特性之一。从单细胞生物到植物、无脊椎动物直至高等动物,一切生物的生命活动都具有昼夜节律。人体的生理活动以一日为周期的节律性变化,称为人体昼夜节律;也可称为日内节律或24小时节律等。昼夜节律与现代医学和祖国医学理论中的阴阳五行、脏腑经络和气血等学说有密切联系。     

袁红霞教授运用升降理论临证验案举隅

中医"升降理论",就是根据自然界天地之气的升降变化,总结出的人体生命活动中机体的气化运动规律,它涉及阴阳、气血、脏腑多方面。升降理论贯穿了整个中医理论,并对后世医家理论的产生和临床理法方药有着深远的影响。本文从阴阳、气血、脏腑方面论述了中医升降理论,并结合病案加以阐述。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.