Kyphoplasty for pregnancy-associated osteoporotic vertebral fractures

We report a case of pregnancy-associated osteoporotic vertebral fracture treated by kyphoplasty. This case is important for being the first case of postpregnancy osteoporotic vertebral fracture treated with kyphoplasty. Although kyphoplasty is a very successful procedure in short-term pain relief for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, there is a critical need for randomized controlled trials demonstrating short-term complications of kyphoplasty including new vertebral fractures.     

“蛋壳”技术在经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗严重骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的应用

目的 探讨蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年严重骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的可行性和疗效.方法 分析从2009年6月-2013年12月,采用蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年人严重胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折43例46个椎体.局麻/全麻下经后路单侧椎弓根穿刺置入病椎,球囊缓慢扩张椎体,小剂量(0.5～1.0 mL)骨水泥注入撑开的空腔,再次插入球囊并撑开椎体高度,使之形成一薄的骨水泥蛋壳,撤出球囊,再次注入骨水泥填充.观察患者的视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、活动能力评分、椎体高度测量及Cobb's角测量.结果 所有手术都顺利完成,无严重手术并发症.VAS评分由术前的(7.9±0.8)分下降至术后的(3.5±0.8)分(P＜0.05),活动能力评分由术前的(3.5±0.6)分改善到术后的(1.3±0.4)分(P＜0.05),椎体高度由术前的(13.5±2.0) mm增加到术后的(31.2±1.5) mm(P＜0.05),Cobb's角由术前的(31.8°±6.9°)矫正到术后的(18.2°±5.8°)(P＜0.05),差异均有统计学意义.所有患者门诊随访1～5个月,平均3.8个月,未出现椎体压缩、新发和相邻节段的骨折,临床表现明显改善.结论 蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术中的应用是治疗老年严重骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的一种快速有效方法,具有可行性.     

Kyphoplasty in traumatic vertebral fractures

The kyphoplasty evolved as a very useful “instrument” as it is being developed for curing osteoporotic fractures. And even more than that in the past few years this technique is being more and more applied in the treatment of traumatic vertebral body (VB) fractures, in particular in young patients. Our experience during the past 6 years encourages us to continue applying this technique for the A type fractures. The immediate disappearance of pain, the faster return to daily activities and to work are the great advantages of this treatment with guaranteed stability of the anterior column. However, one should be aware that a kyphoplasty, especially when performed with calcium phosphate cements (CPC), needs some experience. In this article we describe the indications, advantages, disadvantages as well as the technique itself.     

Kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures

Cement reinforcement for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures is efficient mean with high success in pain release and prevention of further sintering of the reinforced vertebrae; however, the technique does not allow to address the kyphotic deformity. Kyphoplasty was designed to address the kyphotic deformity and help to realign the spine. It involves the percutaneous placement of an inflatable bone tamp into a vertebral body. Restoration of VB height and kyphosis correction is achieved by inflation of the bone tamp with liquid. After deflation, a cavity is created that eases the cement application. The potential of kyphosis reduction is given in fresh fractures with a range of 0–90% for height restoration and absolute correction of the kyphotic angle of 8.5°. The cavity formation, on one hand, and the different cementing technique leads to lower risk for cement extravasation. An alternative method for kyphosis correction represents the so-called lordoplasty where the adjacent vertebrae are reinforced first and with the cannulas in place acting as a lever the reduction of the collapsed vertebra can be performed. The results with respect to kyphosis correction are superior in comparison with a kyphoplasty procedure.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折PVP术后相邻椎体骨折的相关因素分析

目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCFs)患者行经皮椎体成形术(PVP)后相邻椎体骨折的相关因素。方法:对2004年3月～2008年6月112例行单节段PVP治疗的OVCFs患者进行回顾性分析。记录患者的年龄、性别、病程、有无外伤、术前椎体压缩程度、骨密度、手术入路(单侧或双侧)、麻醉方式、有无侧凸畸形、骨水泥剂量、骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘等情况。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析研究各因素与PVP术后发生相邻椎体骨折的关系。结果:112例患者中有21例患者术后发生相邻椎体骨折共23个椎体,发生率为18.8%。单因素分析结果显示患者术前椎体压缩程度、骨密度、骨水泥剂量、骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘与术后发生相邻椎体骨折有显著相关性(P0.05),而患者年龄、性别、病程、有无外伤、手术入路、麻醉方式、有无侧凸畸形与术后相邻椎体骨折无显著相关性(P0.05)。多因素分析结果显示患者术前椎体压缩程度较重、骨水泥注射量较大及骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘与术后发生相邻椎体骨折相关(P0.05)。结论:OVCFs患者PVP术后相邻椎体骨折可能与术前椎体压缩程度、骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘、骨水泥注射量等因素相关。     

单节段经皮椎体成形术后继发相邻椎体骨折的危险因素

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗单节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)术后继发相邻椎体骨折的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2013年3月—2017年3月在宁波市第二医院骨科因单节段OVCF行PVP治疗的140例患者的临床资料,以术后是否继发相邻椎体骨折将患者分为继发骨折组(A组,38例)和无继发骨折组(B组,102例)。记录所有患者术后继发相邻椎体骨折的潜在影响因素,包括非手术因素(年龄、性别、体质量指数、椎体骨密度、楔形角范围、骨折位置、有无外力参与、是否合并糖尿病、是否有糖皮质激素治疗史)和手术因素(骨水泥填充材料、注入量、注入方式、渗漏情况),采用独立样本t检验和χ2检验分析以上因素组间差异是否具有统计学意义,并对差异有统计学意义的因素采用Logistic回归分析评价其与术后相邻椎体骨折的相关性。结果组间比较,椎体骨密度、楔形角范围、骨折位置、有无糖皮质激素治疗史及有无外力参与5个方面差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),纳入相关分析;其余统计数据组间差异无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示上述5个指标进入方程,与术后相邻椎体骨折具有相关性。结论椎体骨密度低、楔形角≥15°、骨折位于胸腰交界处、有糖皮质激素治疗史及外力作用5个指标是术后继发相邻椎体骨折的影响因素,手术因素不会增加继发相邻椎体骨折风险。     

Kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures with posterior wall injury

Background Context

Cement augmentation techniques are standard treatments for osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Compared with vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty is associated with lower rates of cement leak and better deformity correction; however, posterior wall fractures are relative, but not absolute; contraindications for both techniques and hence treatment practices vary among spine centers.

经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素

目的探讨经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素。方法收集2012-06—2013-06间经PKP治疗老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折45例临床资料,分为骨折组和未骨折组,进行单因素和多因素分析。结果单因素分析显示两组在体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、术前骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)术后Cobb角及抗骨质疏松治疗方面有统计学差异(P0.05),多因素分析显示两组在术后Cobb角和抗骨质疏松治疗方面有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论术后Cobb角和抗骨质疏松治疗是PKP术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素。     

椎体后凸成形术治疗周壁破损的骨质疏松性椎体骨折

目的探讨周壁破损的骨质疏松性椎体骨折采用椎体后凸成形术治疗的个体化手术方案及其可行性与安全性。方法对35例39椎周壁破损的骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者施行椎体后凸成形术,男8例,女27例;年龄48￣85岁,平均68.3岁。术中采用个体化手术方法:对前壁破损的患者采用骨水泥分次灌注的方法,以防骨水泥向前方渗漏;对后壁或侧壁破损的患者采用全程动态“C”型臂X线机监测下灌注骨水泥,以防骨水泥向后方或侧方渗漏。术后观察症状改善、骨折复位及并发症情况。结果全部病例均顺利完成手术,无症状性并发症发生。术后椎体高度平均恢复率68.46%。后凸畸形Cobb角平均矫正8.6°,术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(t=9.8872,P<0.01)。27例31椎获得随访6￣41个月,平均20.1个月。术后疼痛明显减轻或消失,VAS评分由术前8.7分降至2.6分。结论椎体后凸成形术治疗周壁破损的骨质疏松性椎体骨折,采用个体化手术方法防止骨水泥渗漏有一定的可行性与安全性。椎体前壁破损者采用骨水泥分次灌注,椎体后壁或侧壁破损者采用术中全程动态“C”型臂X线机监测,有助于防止骨水泥渗漏。     

Kyphoplasty : method for minimally invasive treatment of painful vertebral fractures

Painful osteoporotic and malignant vertebral fractures are frequent causes of chronic back pain with negative consequences regarding immobility, quality of life, morbidity, mortality, and fracture incidence. The best currently available evidence-based treatment reduces vertebral fracture risk but does not totally prevent follow-up fractures. Kyphoplasty is a causal treatment of pain by internal stabilization that prevents the ongoing pain of constant vertebral (micro-)fracture. The indication for this minimally invasive procedure requires interdisciplinary discussion of the individual case to guarantee technical feasibility, increase the likelihood that kyphoplasty will indeed reduce pain, and embed this procedure in the individual patient's long-term therapeutic concept or treatment of painful vertebral metastases. In addition to internal stabilization of painful vertebral fractures, kyphoplasty seeks to restore lost vertebral height, which appears promising in acute and painful vertebral fractures. Available controlled prospective studies demonstrate long-term patient benefits in terms of pain reduction, mobility, and improved quality of life.     

Kyphoplasty: report of eighty-two thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures

OBJECTIVES: Document initial outcomes of balloon kyphoplasty. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the first 52 patients with 82 painful vertebral body compression fractures secondary to osteoporosis treated at our institution. SETTING: Operation on subacute painful fractures with office follow-up. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: First 82 fractures in 52 patients treated. All patients had failed nonoperative treatment and had magnetic resonance imaging scans documenting edematous changes of the vertebral body. Forty-nine out of 52 patients presented for follow-up at an average of 37 weeks. INTERVENTION: Minimally invasive balloon reduction via bilateral transpedicular or extrapedicular approaches followed by polymethyl methacrylate fixation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vertebral body height, Cobb angle, visual analogue pain scale, Roland-Morris Disability Survey, and complication rate. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 9 months (37 weeks, range 4-99 weeks); improved height 4.6 and 3.9 mm in the anterior and medial columns, respectively (P > 0.05); Cobb angle increased 14% (P < 0.05), visual analogue pain scale score improved 7 points (P < 0.05); Roland-Morris Disability Survey improved 11 points (P < 0.05); no adverse medical or procedural complications; 9.8% cement leakage rate. CONCLUSION: Balloon kyphoplasty safely improves vertebral body height and patient quality of life.     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折后骨坏死

目的 探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折后骨坏死的效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年1月收治的31例骨质疏松性椎体骨折后骨坏死患者的临床资料.其中男性13例,女性18例;年龄57～84岁,平均71岁;背部疼痛病史1个月～lO年.术前行x线片、CT、MRI等影像学检查.患者均行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗,术中取椎体内组织进行术后常规病理学检查.测量并比较术前、术后1 d及末次随访时站立位X线片伤椎前缘相对高度.采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价手术疗效.结果 患者均获随访,随访时间18～48个月,平均27个月.术前与术后1 d伤椎前缘相对高度分别为(34.7±3.1)%和(71.4±2.3)%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);末次随访时为(70.2±2.5)%,与术后1 d相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术前VAS及ODI评分分别为8.7±0.4和89.1±2.7,术后1 d分别为2.3±0.7和31.7±3.1,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);末次随访时分别为1.9±0.2和29.1±2.7,与术后1 d相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有指标数据末次随访时与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2例发生骨水泥渗漏,未出现临床症状.1例术后发生其他椎体骨折.结论 球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折后骨坏死的有效方法.     

Risk scoring system for predicting breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

We developed a risk scoring system (RSS) for predicting breast conservative surgery (BCS) in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) for breast cancer. BCS rate in the training set was 32.6%, associated with five variables: age < 50years, primary radiological tumor diameter < 60mm, absence of multifocality, absence of breast inflammation and hormone receptor status. These variables were assigned scores ranging from 0 to 9. The discrimination of the RSS was 0.78(95%CI 0.69‐0.86) in the training set. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics for predicting BCS after internal and external validation was 0.77(95%CI 0.68‐0.85) and 0.75(95%CI 0.66‐0.84), respectively.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术后邻近椎体骨折的列线图预测模型构建

目的：分析骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折（osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture,OVCF）患者经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）后邻近椎体新发骨折的危险因素,并构建列线图预测模型。方法：回顾性分析2014年3月～2019年3月本院收治的行PKP治疗的OVCF患者的临床资料。根据随访过程中邻近椎体是否新发骨折,将患者分成骨折组和非骨折组（对照组）,记录两组患者的性别、年龄、骨折椎体位置、骨水泥注射途径（单/双）、注射剂量、注射后形态、骨水泥渗漏情况、椎旁肌横截面积（cross-sectional area,CSA）、椎体CSA、手术前后及随访时的伤椎前缘高度和Cobb角等临床资料。应用单因素及多因素回归分析PKP术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素,并利用R软件建立其列线图预测模型,运用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线、校准图以及决策曲线验证该模型的预测效能、准确度以及临床价值。结果：总共纳入224例患者,其中男性42例,女性182例,平...     

PVP术后相邻椎体新发骨折的危险因素分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折术后相邻椎体新发骨折的危险因素。方法纳入自2011-08—2014-08诊治的110例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,按照首次PVP术后是否再次发生相邻椎体骨折将患者分为2组,其中观察组25例(术后出现相邻椎体新发骨折),对照组85例。确定年龄、体重指数、骨密度、骨水泥注入量、术后椎体高度矫正百分比、有无骨水泥椎间盘内渗漏、术前有无椎体内裂隙征、术后椎体前缘压缩角度矫正度数、后凸角度矫正度数这9个指标为PVP术后相邻椎体再骨折的相关因素。结果 110例获得随访2~3年,平均2.5年。110例中术后相邻椎体新发骨折25例,发生率为22.7%。单因素分析结果显示,观察组与对照组骨密度、骨水泥椎间盘内渗漏、术前椎体内裂隙征方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。进一步多因素Logistic回归分析显示低骨密度是PVP术后相邻椎体新发骨折的独立危险因素。结论 PVP术后相邻椎体新发骨折的危险因素是骨质疏松,因此PVP术后应该正规抗骨质疏松治疗,防止继发骨折的出现。     

Kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a prospective non-randomized study

Background Minimally invasive augmentation techniques of vertebral bodies have been advocated to treat osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures (VBCFs). Kyphoplasty is designed to address both fracture-related pain as well as kyphotic deformity usually associated with fracture. Previous studies have indicated the potential of this technique for reduction of vertebral body height, but there has been little investigation into whether this has a lasting effect. The current study reports on our experience and the one-year results in 27 kyphoplasty procedures (24 patients) for osteoporotic VBCFs.Results All but one patient experienced pain relief following the procedure (on VAS 1–10)—with a lasting effect over the follow-up period in 25 cases. An average vertebral kyphosis reduction of 47.7% was achieved with no loss of reduction after one year. The potential for reduction was statistically related to the pre-operative amount of kyphosis, the level treated, and the age of the fracture, but not to the age of the patient. During follow-up, one fracture adjacent to a treated level was observed. Pain relief was not related to the amount of reduction.Conclusion Kyphoplasty is an effective treatment of VBCFs in terms of pain relief and durable reduction of deformity. Whether spinal realignment results in an improved long-term clinical outcome remains to be investigated.     

超高龄骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折经皮椎体成形术术后邻椎再骨折的危险因素分析

目的 ：分析超高龄骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs）经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）术后邻近椎体再骨折的危险因素。方法：对2012年6月至2019年6月采用PVP治疗的40例超高龄（年龄≥90岁）OVCFs患者进行回顾性分析,其中男7例,女33例;年龄90～101(94.6±1.6)岁。根据是否发生邻近椎体再骨折进行分组,其中20例患者PVP术后发生再骨折（再骨折组）,20例术后没有发生邻近椎体再骨折（对照组）。统计两组患者的一般资料、影像学数据、骨盆参数,项目包括年龄,性别,体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）,骨折部位,骨密度（bone mineral density,BMD）T值,骨折至手术时间,伤椎压缩程度,伤椎前缘恢复程度,骨水泥注入量,骨水泥是否渗漏,骨盆指数（pelvic index,PI）,骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt angle,PT）,骶骨角（sacral angle,SS）等。将可能与再骨折相关的因素纳入...     

Balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of pathological vertebral compressive fractures

Background Previous clinical studies have shown the safety and effectiveness of balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of pathological vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). However, they have not dealt with the impact of relatively common comorbid conditions in this age group, such as spinal stenosis, and they have not explicitly addressed the use of imaging as a prognostic indicator for the restoration of vertebral body height. Neither have these studies dealt with management and technical problems related to surgery, nor the effectiveness of bone biopsy during the same surgical procedure. This is a prospective study comparing preoperative and postoperative vertebral body heights, kyphotic deformities, pain intensity (using visual analogue scale) and quality of life (Oswestry disability questionnaire) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and osteolytic vertebral tumors treated with balloon kyphoplasty.Methods Thirty-two consecutive patients, 27 OVCFs (49 vertebral bodies [VBs]) and 5 patients suffering from VB tumor (12 VBs) were treated by balloon kyphoplasty. The mean age was 68.2 years. All patients were assessed within the first week of surgery, and then followed up after one, three and six months; all patients (27 OVCFs and 5 tumor patients) were followed up for 12 months, 17 patients (14 OVCFs and 3 tumors) were followed up for 18 months and 9 patients (8 OVCFs and 1 tumor) were followed up for 24 months (mean follow up 18 months). The correction of kyphosis and vertebral heights were measured by comparing preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements.Results Thirty-one patients (96.9%) exhibited significant and immediate pain improvement: 90% responded within 24 h and 6.3% responded within 5 days. Daily activities improved by 53% on the Oswestry scale. In the OVCF group, kyphosis correction was achieved in 24/27 patients (89.6%) with a mean correction of 7.6°. Anterior wall height was restored in 43/49 VBs (88%) (mean increment of 4.3 mm), and mid vertebral body height was restored in 45/49 VBs (92%) (mean increment of 4.8 mm). Edema (high intensity signal) on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) was evidenced in all OVCF patients who experienced symptoms for less than nine months and was associated with correction of deformity. Cement leakage was the only technical problem encountered; it occurred in 5/49 VBs (10.2%) of the osteoporotic group and 1/12 VBs (8.3%) of the tumor group but had no clinical consequences. The incidence of leakage to the anterior epidural space was 2%. Spinal stenosis was present in three patients (11.1%) who responded successfully to subsequent laminectomy. Retrieval of tissue samples for biopsy was successful in 10/15 cases (67%). New fractures occurred in the adjacent level in 2/27 OVCF patients (7.4%).Conclusions Associated spinal stenosis with OVCF should not be overlooked; STIR MRI is a good predictor of deformity correction with balloon kyphoplasty. The prevalence of a new OVCF in the adjacent level is low.     

Balloon kyphoplasty in the therapy of vertebral fractures

Approximately 500,000 vertebral fractures occur as a result of osteoporosis every year in Europe. One third of the patients thus affected complain of severe back pain and seek treatment. In the past, the treatment of such fractures was limited to conservative methods, such as the use of braces and analgesics and long-term immobilisation followed by physiotherapy. Since 1998 balloon kyphoplasty, a minimally invasive procedure, has also been available for their treatment. During balloon kyphoplasty a balloon system is introduced into a fractured vertebral body to achieve bitranspedicular augmentation, after which low-viscosity bone cement is injected into the vertebral body, where it sets very quickly. In general the patient can be fully mobilized 24-48 h after the procedure and in most cases the symptoms are then considerably attenuated; many patients are actually free of pain. Published studies and our own experience indicate that balloon kyphoplasty is a safe method of treating painful vertebral compression fractures sustained in various ways and that complications are rare with this procedure.