纳米CaO-Fe(Cp)2复合催化剂对烟煤燃烧性能的影响

在煤炭催化领域,无机铁系催化剂易中毒,CaO分散性较差,为了提高催化效率,急需寻求一种新型有机-无机复合燃煤催化剂。采用高温煅烧氧化钙,二氯化碳溶液浸渍的方法制备负载率为85.46%纳米氧化钙负载二茂铁复合催化剂(CaO-Fe(Cp)_2),并对华亭东华镇煤矿烟煤的烧失率、热值释放率、硫释放率、灰分、灰融性等催化性能进行研究。纳米CaO-Fe(Cp)_2复合催化剂在烟煤燃烧过程中的催化性能明显优于单独添加CaO和二茂铁的煤样。500℃燃烧2.5 h时,添加纳米CaO-Fe(Cp)_2复合催化剂煤样烧失率比原煤提高24.95%,比添加1%纳米CaO煤样增加13.20%,比添加1%二茂铁煤样增加6.95%。添加纳米CaO-Fe(Cp)_2复合催化剂煤样的热值释放率比原煤增加27.16%,比添加1%纳米CaO煤样增加9.63%,比添加1%二茂铁煤样增加4.75%。添加纳米CaO-Fe(Cp)_2复合催化剂煤样的硫释放率比原煤降低5.87%,比添加1%纳米CaO煤样增加3.98%,比添加1%二茂铁煤样降低9.92%。添加纳米CaO-Fe(Cp)_2复合催化剂煤样的灰分比原煤降低10.58%,比添加1%纳米CaO煤样降低13.50%,比添加1%二茂铁煤样增加4.28%。研究表明:纳米CaO-Fe(Cp)_2复合催化剂在煤炭中分布均匀,增大了与煤炭分子的接触面积,增加了反应活性,加快燃烧速率,促进硫释放,降低了灰分,在催化初期缓慢释放Fe_2O_3,避免催化剂中毒。二者协同催化作用,具有良好的催化助燃和节能环保作用,是一种新型高效燃煤催化剂。     

安庆石化车用尿素担当“环保先锋”

PM2.5,指每立方米空气含可入肺颗粒含量,是监测空气质量的重要指标,近期以来更成为各大城市环境质量的关键指数。机动车尾气排放,是PM2.5居高不下的主要原因。机动车尾气控制的催化还原剂——车用尿素溶液正担当＂环保先锋＂,成为降低PM2.5的新法宝。2012年来,中国石化安庆分公司化肥部新增车用尿素生产装置,目前首批10t车用尿素顺利完成生产任务。车用尿素,用作于柴油车尾气处理液原料,应用于柴油发动机,可有效降低柴油车尾气中氮氧化物和颗粒物（PM）,达到提高空气质量、改善环境的目的。     

催化剂对兖州煤泥燃烧特性的影响

为充分利用煤泥资源 ,在其中添加助燃催化剂 ,以期提高它的燃烧热效率 .对比研究了硝酸钾催化剂及 TF配方助燃催化剂对兖州煤泥着火温度、燃尽温度和放热面积的影响 .研究结果表明 ,添加催化剂后 ,煤泥着火温度降低 ,燃尽温度提前 ,且燃烧放热量增加 ;TF配方催化剂对煤泥催化燃烧的效果优于硝酸钾催化剂 .探讨了助燃催化剂对煤催化燃烧的作用机理 .     

含能助燃催化剂及其应用

正本发明涉及一种含能助燃催化剂。所述含能助燃催化剂主要由以下质量份数比的组分构成:杂醇油25-28份、乙醇14-18份、四氢化萘16-20份、环戊醇14-16份、巴豆醛18-22份、2-吡咯烷酮1-2份、纳米氧化稀土1.5-3份和含能笼型硼化物或其衍生物2-3份。本发明的含能助燃催化剂可以应用在液体、气体的烷烃燃料中,形成含能复合燃料,提升燃料的热效能,有效替代乙炔,用于金属火焰焊     

稀土纳米催化剂应用课题通过鉴定

由包头稀土研究院瑞科国家工程研究中心湿法工程化实验室与清华大学共同承担的包头市产学研合作项目“稀土纳米催化剂在催化燃烧节能及环境净化上的应用”通过了包头市科技局组织的技术鉴定。     

适合低质煤燃烧的催化助燃剂研究

以低质煤为原料,浸渍法制备催化剂,利用综合热分析仪研究了KNO3,DF,DY和DN四种助燃组分对低质煤催化燃烧反应性的影响.结果表明,不同组分及其添加量对低质煤助燃效果不同;由KNO3,DF,DY,DN和十二烷基苯磺酸钠以一定比例组成的复合催化助燃剂(FKYN)可使低质煤煤粉着火点降低12.3℃,最大失重率点温度降低8℃,燃烬温度降低13.1℃,煤灰中含碳量显著降低.催化剂的分散程度对助燃效果有显著影响,以5%煤粉为分散剂时,催化效果最佳.     

燃烧处理挥发性有机污染物的研究进展

随着环境问题的日益严重,治理作为PM_2.5前体的挥发性有机物（VOCs）越来越受到重视,燃烧法是目前常用的处理VOCs污染物技术之一。本文从燃烧的机理出发综述了燃烧法处理VOCs的研究进展,将燃烧法分为两大类,即非催化燃烧法和催化燃烧法。非催化燃烧法中从燃烧方式出发,总结了直接燃烧法、蓄热式热力燃烧法、多孔介质燃烧法的研究进展,并对燃烧影响因素进行了综述。在催化燃烧法中阐述了贵金属催化剂、非贵金属催化剂和复合金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,探讨了催化剂的失活问题,分析了每种催化剂的优势与不足。贵金属催化剂活性高,但是价格昂贵、稳定性差;非贵金属催化剂价格低廉、寿命长,但是起燃温度高;复合金属氧化物催化剂活性高、抗毒性强,但是制备工艺复杂。最后基于目前的研究现状和不足,展望了未来燃烧法处理VOCs的研究方向为：结合实际应用的工艺条件和催化燃烧的机理,制备出活性高、价格低廉、抗毒性强和寿命长的催化剂用于蓄热式催化燃烧技术;将催化燃烧和多孔介质燃烧相结合,开发出高效、稳定、经济的燃烧技术处理VOCs污染物。     

含能助燃催化剂及其应用

<正>本发明涉及一种含能助燃催化剂。所述含能助燃催化剂主要由以下质量份数比的组分构成:杂醇油25-28份、乙醇14-18份、四氢化萘16-20份、环戊醇14-16份、巴豆醛18-22份、2-吡咯烷酮1-2份、纳米氧化稀土1.5-3份和含能笼型硼化物或其衍生物2-3份。本发明的含能助燃催化剂可以应用在液体、气体的烷烃燃料中,形成含能复合燃料,提     

基于低温等离子体协同催化脱除氮氧化物和碳烟颗粒的研究

文章介绍了等离子体净化柴油机尾气技术的机理和研究状况。研究表明电晕放电和介质阻挡放电等离子体净化柴油机尾气有着能耗过高的缺陷,在应用中不得不结合催化剂同时使用。由于等离子体放电能够产生大量的自由基,能够使柴油机颗粒物PM在较低的排气温度下得到氧化燃烧。同时等离子体常与选择性催化还原技术相结合,作为辅助手段以提升系统去除NOX的效率和提高其选择性[1]。研究发现等离子体协同催化脱除氮氧化物和PM技术对解决柴油车尾气污染问题有着重要的意义。     

以色列利用太阳能制备纳米粒子

由包头稀土研究院瑞科国家工程研究中心湿法工程化实验室与清华大学共同承担的“稀土纳米催化剂在催化燃烧节能及环境净化上的应用”项目,日前通过了包头市科技局组织的技术鉴定。据介绍,该项目利用清华大学在纳米材料制造、催化剂制备、催化燃烧剂及工业废气净化应用研究等技术优势,与包头稀土研究院现有稀土应用技术研究条件相结合,研制出民用及用于工业废气净化的催化剂产品,     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.