基于Incoloy800H钨极氩弧焊接头组织及其性能分析

在2 mm厚800H合金钨极氩弧焊试验的基础上,研究焊接接头的微观组织和析出相成分,并分析焊接接头的力学性能和抗晶间腐蚀性能,观察拉伸断口和晶间腐蚀试样的形貌。结果表明:焊缝组织为柱状晶和等轴晶,热影响区晶粒明显长大,焊接接头中有少量的TiN和富Cr相(Fe,Cr)_(23)C_6析出相存在;母材、热影响区和焊缝的HV硬度分别为1730、1526和1590 MPa;室温抗拉强度和延伸率分别为565.0 MPa、31.8%,均超过ASME标准关于800H合金规定值(450.0 MPa和30.0%),拉伸断裂为韧性断裂;焊接接头高温(650℃)抗拉强度和延伸率分别为394.5 MPa、15.5%,其断口是混合型断口;较接头组织,母材腐蚀更为严重,表面晶界开裂并伴有少量且尺寸较小的腐蚀坑,基体中TiN缺陷处易引起点蚀。     

AZ71镁合金TIG焊焊接接头微观组织与力学性能

采用钨极氩弧焊接方法对2.2mm厚镁合金AZ71薄板进行焊接加工。焊后对接头进行拉伸试验和硬度测试,结果表明:采用90A的电流焊接时,接头抗拉性能最好(281.23MPa),达到母材的89.58%。断裂发生在焊缝区,焊接接头断口呈准解理断口,接近解理断口;母材断裂为延性断裂,断口呈韧窝断口;焊缝区显微硬度最高,其次是母材,热影响区硬度最低。     

600MPa级超细晶粒钢摩擦焊过程性能分析

利用摩擦焊对直径为13 mm的600 MPa级别的超细晶粒钢进行了焊接. 结果表明,严格控制摩擦焊工艺参数,超细晶粒钢具有良好的摩擦焊焊接性. 超细晶粒钢摩擦焊接头热影响区出现了轻微的晶粒长大,尺寸至9~11 μm. 接头性能分析表明,超细晶粒钢摩擦焊接头强度可达715 MPa,断面伸长率22%,断面收缩率68%,冲击韧性可达98 J,呈典型的韧性断裂. 急停试验表明,摩擦焊过程中变形区金属在摩擦扭矩和轴向压力大作用下,沿着轴向、切向、径向三个方向流动. 随摩擦时间的增加,不同区域的晶粒的尺寸都略有增加,其中以高温区增加最为明显.     

Lap joining of titanium alloy using laser welding and resistance seam welding combined process

Titanium alloy lap joints were performed by combined laser welding and resistance seam welding process. The welding characteristics of this combined process were investigated compared with that of laser welding. The experimental results indicate that the combined process welded joint has larger weld width at the lap surface. The joint tensile shear force of combined process is 2.5 times that of laser welding. There are some pores around the lap surface in laser welded joint, and most pores can be eliminated by resistance seam welding process. Metallographic examinations of combined process welded joint reveal that the microstructure in heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld zone has the acicular martensite morphology, which causes that the microhardness in HAZ and weld zone increases compared with the base metal, and the microhardness in weld zone is highest.     

轨道交通用6082铝合金焊接接头组织与性能

采用熔化极氩孤焊(MIG)方法,以ER5356焊丝作为填充材料,对轨道交通用6082铝合金进行焊接,并对获得的接头微观组织和力学性能进行分析测试.金相组织观察表明,接头焊缝金属区为细小的等轴晶组织,主要由α -Al基体相和Mg2Si强化相组成,而热影响区为树枝晶组织,晶粒有所长大.力学性能测试表明,接头的抗拉强度约为母...     

提高P91耐热钢焊接接头冲击韧度的研究

探讨了影响P91耐热钢焊接接头冲击韧度的工艺因素,对P91钢的常规焊接工艺进行调整,并模拟该工艺进行焊接试验。最后通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击试验、断口扫描和金相观察检验接头组织及性能。结果表明,在模拟焊接工艺下,P91耐热钢可以获得良好的焊接接头。焊缝拉伸强度高于母材;焊缝侧向弯曲试验外弧面未发现开裂;焊接接头的显微组织为回火板条马氏体,未出现非正常组织,焊缝晶粒明显细化;接头冲击韧度得到了大幅度提高。     

Effect of Laser Welding Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties on Butt Joint of New Hot-Rolled Nano-scale Precipitation-Strengthened Steel

A 4 kW fiber laser was chosen to weld the new hot-rolled nano-scale precipitation-strengthened steel with a thickness of 4.5 mm. The effect of laser power, defocusing distance, and welding speed on the welded joint appearance was examined, and the microstructure and mechanical properties on the typical butt joints were investigated. Results showed that increasing laser welding power may cause faster downward flow of molten metal to produce greater root humping. With the welding speed increasing, the average welding seam （WS） width decreased, and the average WS and heat-affected zone （HAZ） hardness increased. The microstructures of WS, fusion line, and coarse grain heat-affected zone were lath martensite, but the growth direction of the original austenite grain boundaries was significantly different. The microstructures of fine grain heat-affected zone were ferrite and martensite, and the microstructure of mixed grain heat- affected zone contained ferrite, massive M/A island, and a small amount of martensite. The micro-hardness values of WS, HAZ, and base metal （BM） were 358, 302, and 265 HV, respectively. The butt joint fracture at the BM far from the WS and the welded joint tensile strength are observed to follow proportional relationship with hardness.     

Ti17合金惯性摩擦焊接头力学性能与组织分析

通过室温拉伸、高温拉伸试验以及金相分析对 Ti17 合金惯性摩擦焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用惯性摩擦焊焊接 Ti17 合金可获得室温及高温性能良好的焊接接头,其焊接接头的室温及高温抗拉强度都不低于母材;Ti17合金母材组织为α+β相,并且β相呈针状均匀分布在α相的基体上;不同焊接工艺参数对 Ti17 合金惯性摩擦焊接头热影响区和焊缝的组织没有影响,其热影响区组织为α+β相,并且β相呈针状均匀分布在α相的基体上,与母材组织相同,焊缝组织为细小的等轴晶.

Abstract：

The microstructures and properties of Ti17 alloy joints welded by inertia friction welding (IFW) were investigated by room-temperature tensile test, high-temperature tensile test and metallographic analyses. The results show that the joint with good performance at room and high temperature for Ti17 alloy can be obtained in IFW. Both the tensile strengths of welded joints at room temperature and at high temperamre are not less than those of the base metal. The microstructure of Ti17 alloy is α+β phase, and the needle β phase is distributing on the α phase. While welding, different welding parameters can not affect the microstructures of the HAZ and the weld seam. The microstructure of HAZ is the same as that of the base metal, and that of the welded seam is fine equiaxed crystal.     

FSS/ASS厚壁异种钢“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”组合焊的接头组织与力学性能

为了有效解决铁素体不锈钢的焊接热影响区晶粒易粗化问题，以及奥氏体不锈钢焊接时在接头部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内因易形成蠕虫状δ铁素体而显著降低该区域耐腐蚀性的问题，提出了“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”的组合焊接工艺，并进行了1Cr17/1Cr18Ni9Ti厚壁异种不锈钢的焊接，同时对所得接头的显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性进行了测试与分析. 结果表明，组合焊接头的1Cr17母材热影响区晶粒未发生粗化，并且1Cr18Ni9Ti母材部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内未形成蠕虫状δ铁素体；组合焊接头的抗拉强度优于1Cr17母材，并且1Cr17母材热影响区的冲击吸收能量与1Cr17母材相当；组合焊接头的熔敷层、1Cr18Ni9Ti母材、1Cr17母材、UNGW焊缝区及完整接头的耐腐蚀性呈依次下降的趋势.     

960高强度钢激光焊接接头的组织和腐蚀性能

针对960高强度钢激光焊接接头腐蚀性能开展分析,利用扫描电镜和光学电镜分析接头微观组织;利用动电位极化技术研究接头不同区域在模拟海水中的腐蚀行为;并通过恒载荷加载装置研究接头在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,960高强度钢腐蚀规律为均匀腐蚀到点蚀再到均匀腐蚀.电化学测试结果3个区域的腐蚀速率从大到小为焊缝,热影响区,母材,且随着腐蚀的继续进行腐蚀速率减慢.热影响区粗晶区成为接头的薄弱环节,拉伸试样均断裂在热影响区.应力腐蚀使拉伸试样抗拉强度降低12%,断裂形式由韧性断裂变为准解理断裂.     

铸造Ti-Al-Mo-Zr钛合金电子束焊接接头组织与性能

选用电子束焊接方式对14 mm厚铸态Ti-Al-Mo-Zr钛合金进行焊接,在合适的工艺参数下获得成形良好、无内部缺陷的焊接接头。室温下测试与分析焊接接头的显微组织、显微硬度和力学性能,结果显示焊缝处主要由β相基体和粗大的针状α相组成,热影响区处受焊接热循环作用部分转变为网状片层组织。焊缝处硬度略高于母材处,接头整体硬度分布均匀,无明显弱化区域;接头焊缝处抗拉强度优于母材,焊缝处冲击值AKV达到75 J/cm~2,热影响区冲击值为73 J/cm~2,Ti-Al-Mo-Zr钛合金电子束焊接接头冲击韧性良好。     

130mm铝合金扫描激光填丝焊接头微区组织和性能

针对船用130 mm 5A06铝合金厚壁结构件的扫描激光填丝焊接头,对其焊缝（weld metal,WM）、热影响区（heat affected zone,HAZ）及母材（base metal,BM）的显微组织进行研究,并通过维氏硬度和微型剪切试验研究了接头各区力学性能差异.结果表明,5A06铝合金单激光焊缝以等轴晶为主,填丝焊焊缝以柱状晶为主,HAZ和BM晶粒比WM粗,母材及热影响区为轧制的纤维状组织;由于焊接热循环作用,接头热影响区硬度略高于母材,抗剪强度二者差别不大,单激光焊缝硬度和抗剪强度略高于填丝层.总体而言,焊缝区强度低塑性好,母材及热影响区强度高塑性低.     

Incoloy 825镍基高温合金电子束焊工艺及接头组织与力学性能分析

采用电子束焊,对空冷器管箱Incoloy 825镍基高温合金进行对接焊试验. 通过对焊接接头的组织观察,并结合拉伸力学性能以及接头的冲击韧性等试验,分析镍基高温合金电子束焊接头的组织和力学性能. 结果表明, 采用电子束焊焊接镍基高温合金可以得到良好的焊接接头,焊缝区组织由大片等轴晶和少量柱状晶组成;焊缝区没有出现明显的元素烧损现象;焊缝、热影响区硬度达到母材硬度值;焊缝接头抗拉强度达到600 MPa,接近母材抗拉强度,接头断裂形式为韧性断裂;焊缝和热影响区的冲击吸收能量高于母材区,其中焊缝区的冲击吸收能量达到了262 J,冲击断口形貌为韧窝状.     

Characteristics of 5A90 Aluminum-lithium Alloy by YAG-MIG Hybrid Welding

The characteristics of 5A90 Aluminum-Lithium alloy by YAG laser and MIG arc hybrid welding (Hybrid welding) were studied.Compared with the laser beam welding (LBW),the hybrid welding could not only improve the weld appearance significantly,but also have better engineering compatibility.The obvious microstructure characteristics of joint by the hybrid welding are fine-grained layer near fusion-line and the equiaxed grain in most area of welded seam.The subgrains of the equiaxed grains,located in the weld center,tend to coarse from bottom to top of weld joint.The microhardness of welded seam by the hybrid welding (83.57HV0.2) is lower than that by LBW (95.65HV0.2),but the uniformity of the former is better than that of the latter.The ultimate strength and the elongations after fracture of the joint by the hybrid welding are lower than that by LBW.The tensile fracture always occurs in HAZ or weld centerline,and the fractography presents mixture rupture.Therefore,if the combined mechanical properties of joint by the hybrid welding meet the operation requirements,it should be improved by reasonable artificial aging or heat treatment after welding,and it also should develop a better filler wire matched with the base metal.     

焊接残余应力对高强度钢低匹配对接接头静载强度的影响

采用有限元方法研究了焊后拉伸条件下高强度钢等匹配和低匹配对接接头内部应力的变化情况。结果表明,焊后横向和纵向拉伸载荷增至临界失效载荷期间,等匹配和低匹配接头的焊缝区和母材区应力均一直持续增加,但焊缝及近缝母材区应力在焊接残余应力基础上的增加较远端母材区缓慢;最终近缝母材区的应力明显高于远端母材区,未表现出内应力完全调匀的特征;这意味着由于焊接残余应力的存在,高强度钢宽板等匹配焊接结构的静载强度可能略有损失,而高强度钢宽板低匹配焊接结构更将在焊缝低强的影响下损失更大的静载强度。     

正火处理对贝氏体钢辙叉铝热焊接头性能和组织的影响

利用Gleeble-3500试验机模拟了贝氏体钢辙叉铝热焊热影响区各位置的热循环过程,研究了焊后正火工艺对热影响区性能与组织的影响. 热模拟结果表明,铝热焊后对接头进行900 ℃的正火处理,可以使焊接热影响区重新转变为贝氏体组织,提高了冲击韧性并改善硬度分布均匀性,强度值也达到或接近母材水平. 根据热模拟试验结果,对贝氏体钢辙叉和U75V钢轨进行了实际的铝热焊接. 结果表明,900 ℃火焰加热正火处理后,焊缝及热影响区软化区的硬度和抗拉强度值均有明显提高,这对提高焊接接头的使用寿命有重要作用.     

TiNi形状记忆合金片激光微焊接接头的组织性能

采用脉冲激光实现了0.2mm厚TiNi形状记忆合金的对接焊,研究了焊接接头的抗拉强度、断裂形貌、组织和相变过程。结果表明,脉冲激光能够实现薄片状TiNi形状记忆合金的良好对接焊,焊接接头的抗拉强度可达683MPa,为冷轧态母材的97%,断口形貌与母材相似,均为延性断裂。根据晶粒尺寸和显微组织的不同,接头可分为4个区。焊缝中心区为细小的等轴晶,而焊缝边缘为柱状晶组织。对焊接接头进行焊后退火处理后其相变过程与退火态TiNi形状记忆合金的接近。     

大热输入焊接EH36船板钢接头力学性能

以EH36高强度船板钢为研究对象,通过拉伸和冲击分析试验手段,对EH36船板钢不同热输入埋弧焊接头进行了力学性能测试,同时采用扫描电镜对冲击试样断口形貌进行分析.结果表明,所有断裂均发生在拉伸试样的母材区,EH36船板钢在大焊接热输入条件下,焊缝和焊接热影响区的强度好于母材,并没有出现热影响区软化现象;随着焊接热输入增加焊缝的冲击韧性降低,从焊缝和熔合区断口形貌来看,断裂类型为韧性断裂和准解理断裂的混合断裂.随着远离熔合线距离的增加,冲击吸收功有增加的趋势,在距离熔合线4 mm处的冲击吸收功跟母材接近,说明该位置处韧性基本不受焊接热循环的影响.     

高铌X80管道不同强度匹配环焊接头性能及应变演化

为探究管道环焊缝断裂失效机理,测试了两种不同强度匹配的高铌X80环焊缝接头的组织和性能,并借助数字图像相关法(digital image correlation,DIC)观测了焊接接头在拉伸载荷下的应变行为.结果表明,低强匹配和高强匹配的高铌X80管道环焊接头均具有较好的冲击韧性,二者的夏比冲击吸收能量平均值相当,热影...     

Fatigue crack initiation for Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint

To investigate fatigue crack initiation characteristics of Al-Zn-Mg alloy welded joint, notched specimens were used in fatigue test for the base metal, welding bead and heat affected zone (HAZ). The fatigue fracture surface near the fatigue crack initiation site was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the differences of fatigue crack initiation life among base metal, welding bead and HAZ are not obvious. Inhomogeneity in microstructure and mechanical performance of HAZ influences the fatigue crack initiation life. The ratio of fatigue crack initiation life (Ni) to fatigue failure life (Nf) for the base metal, welding bead and HAZ of A7N01 aluminium alloy welded joint are 26.32%, 40.21% and 60.67%, respectively. Fatigue crack initiation life can be predicted using a uniform model. Observation of fatigue fracture surfaces shows that for the welding bead a fatigue crack initiates from the smooth surface due to the welding process, the blowhole in HAZ causes fatigue crack and the crushed second phase particles play an important role in fatigue crack initiation for the base metal.