奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙治疗晚期大肠癌

目的：研究奥沙利铂、氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙联合治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效和毒性反应，并将该方案和氟尿嘧啶与亚叶酸钙联合治疗方案相比较。方法：经病理确诊的晚期大肠癌83例分为以下两组：治疗组行奥沙利铂(oxalipatin)130mg／m^2静脉滴注，第1天给药：氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)425mg／m^2静脉滴注，第1-5天给药；亚叶酸钙(CF)100mg／m^2静脉滴注，第1～5天给药；每3周重复。对照组行氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)42h5mg／m^2静脉滴注,第1～5天给药；亚叶酸钙(CF)100mg／m^2。静脉滴注，第1-5天给药；每3周重复。每例患者至少完成两个周期。结果：治疗组有效率为46．5％，常见的毒性反应为神经毒性；对照组有效率为17．5％，与治疗组差别有统计学意义，未见神经毒性，其他毒性与治疗组无统计学差异。结论：奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙治疗晚期大肠癌,患者对其耐受良好，毒副反应较轻，疗效高于氟尿嘧啶加亚叶酸钙方案。     

奥沙利铂在治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤中的应用

目的 观察奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤的疗效、不良反应及探索合适的给药方式.方法将30例胃癌病例、33例结肠癌病例、32例直肠癌病例随机分为氟尿嘧啶亚叶酸钙联合顺铂组(对照组)、氟尿嘧啶亚叶酸钙联合单次大剂量奥沙利铂治疗组(处理组1)及氟尿嘧啶亚叶酸钙联合分次小剂量奥沙利铂治疗组(处理组2).各组中,化疗药物用法分别为:对照组:CF 100 mg/m2d1～5,5-Fu 350 mg/m2d1～5,DDP 25 mg/m2d1～3;处理组1:CF 100 mg/m2d1～5,5-Fu 350 mg/m2d1～5,L-OHP 100 mg/m2d1;处理组2:CF 100 mg/m2d1～5,5-Fu 350 mg/m2d1～5,L-OHP 35 mg/m2d1～4,均21天重复,使用4～6周期后评价疗效及不良反应.结果奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌的有效率分别可达40%±、55%±、50%±.奥沙利铂分次给药较单次给药的疗效相同但毒副作用明显降低.结论奥沙利铂分次给药联合氟尿嘧啶亚叶酸钙是治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤的毒性小、有效率高的方案.     

国产奥沙利铂与氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙联合治疗晚期大肠癌

[目的]研究奥沙利铂(L-OHP)与氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)及亚叶酸钙(CF)联合治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效和毒副反应.[方法]38例晚期大肠癌,国产奥沙利铂130mg/m2,静脉滴注2h,d1;亚叶酸钙200 mg/d,静脉滴注2h,d1～5;氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2,静脉滴注4h,d1～5(CF滴完后);21天为1个周期,治疗2个周期后评定疗效.[结果]37例可评定疗效患者中,CR1例,PR11例,SD22例,PD3例,有效率(CR PR)32.4%.毒副反应以Ⅰ～Ⅱ度消化道症状、骨髓抑制、感觉神经毒性为主,有一定的肝损害.[结论]奥沙利铂与氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙联合治疗大肠癌疗效确切,毒副反应能耐受.     

奥沙利铂为主的化疗方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的:评价奥沙利铂(OXA)联合吡柔比星(THP)、亚叶酸钙(CF)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和不良反应.方法:经病理学或细胞学检查确诊的34例晚期胃癌患者应用联合方案化疗,OXA70mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1,8天,THP40 mg/m2,静脉推注,第1天,CF100 mg静脉滴注,第1-5天;5-FU375mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1-5天.结果:34例晚期胃癌患者中,CR1例,PR18例,总有效率为55.9%.主要不良反应为恶心呕吐,外周神经感觉异常,骨髓抑制,脱发.结论:奥沙利铂联合吡柔比星、亚叶酸钙和5-氟尿嘧啶方案治疗晚期胃癌安全有效,不良反应可以耐受,值得临床进一步观察.     

奥沙利铂联合亚叶酸钙及5-氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期大肠癌的临床观察

目的观察奥沙利铂(L-OHP)联合亚叶酸钙(CF)及5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效及不良反应。方法将我院2002年10月~2005年10月收治的65例晚期大肠癌,随机分为A组和B组,A组奥沙利铂130mg/m2静脉滴注2小时,第1天;亚叶酸钙200mg/m2持续静滴24小时,第1~5天;5-氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2持续静滴24小时,第1~5天;每3周重复。B组羟基喜树碱(HCPT)8mg/m2静脉滴注,第1~5天;亚叶酸钙200mg/m2,静脉滴注2小时,第1~5天;5-氟尿嘧啶500mg/m2持续静滴24小时,第1~5天,每3周重复。所有病例均接受2周期化疗。结果A组CR2例,PR12例,SD11例,DD8例,总有效率42.4%,B组CR1例,PR5例,SD16例,PD10例,总有效率18.8%,A组的主要不良反应是周围神经炎及恶心呕吐、骨髓抑制。结论奥沙利铂联合亚叶酸钙及5-氟尿嘧啶疗效优于羟基喜树碱、亚叶酸钙、5-氟尿嘧啶联合化疗,不良反应轻,值得临床推广。     

奥沙利铂联合亚叶酸钙及5-氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期大肠癌的临床观察

目的 观察奥沙利铂（L-OHP）联合亚叶酸钙（CF）及5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效及不良反应。方法 奥沙利铂130mg/m^2静脉滴注2小时，第1天；亚叶酸钙200mg/m^2静脉滴注2小时,第1～5天；5-氟尿嘧啶500mg/m^2持续输注8小时以上,第1～5天；每3周重复。所有病人均接受3个周期以上的化疗。结果 全组CR 1例，PR 8例，SD 7例，PD 5例，总有效率42.9%。初治有效率50%，复治有效率33.3%。主要不良反应为轻度的外周神经毒性和恶心呕吐，骨髓抑制毒性轻。结论 奥沙利铂联合亚叶酸钙及5-氟尿嘧啶方案治疗晚期大肠癌有一定疗效，不良反应轻，值得临床推广应用。     

奥沙利铂为主的化疗方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的：评价奥沙利铂（OXA）联合吡柔比星（THP）、亚叶酸钙（CF）和5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和不良反应.方法：经病理学或细胞学检查确诊的34例晚期胃癌患者应用联合方案化疗,OXA70mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1,8天,THP40 mg/m2,静脉推注,第1天,CF100 mg静脉滴注,第1-5天;5-FU375mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1-5天.结果：34例晚期胃癌患者中,CR1例,PR18例,总有效率为55.9%.主要不良反应为恶心呕吐,外周神经感觉异常,骨髓抑制,脱发.结论：奥沙利铂联合吡柔比星、亚叶酸钙和5-氟尿嘧啶方案治疗晚期胃癌安全有效,不良反应可以耐受,值得临床进一步观察.     

奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶及亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的临床研究

目的观察奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶及亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的疗效和不良反应。方法采用奥沙利铂130mg/m2,静滴2 h,第1天;亚叶酸钙(CF)200 mg/m2,静滴,连续5天;5_Fu 500 mg/m2,静滴4 h,连续5天,21天为1周期。结果35例患者中CR 1例,PR 13例,总有效率40.0%。主要的不良反应为消化道症状、骨髓抑制和感觉神经毒性。结论奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶及亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌疗效肯定,毒副作用较轻,值得推广应用。     

奥沙利铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效观察

目的探讨奥沙利铂(OXA)联合氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)和亚叶酸钙(CF)静脉滴注治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法治疗组36例晚期胃癌患者,第1天奥沙利铂85mg/m2,静脉滴注2h静脉滴注,亚叶酸钙(CF)400mg/m2,静脉滴注2h后,氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)400mg/m2,静脉推注15min;再用氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)2400mg/m2,持续静脉滴注泵连续滴注46h。每2周重复1次,化疗3个周期后评价疗效;对照组32例晚期胃癌患者,亚叶酸钙(CF)100mg/m2,静脉滴注2h,d1-5,氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)500mg/m2,静脉滴注6h,d1-5,顺铂(DDP)20mg/m2,静脉滴注2h,d1-5,每3周重复1次,化疗2个周期后评价疗效。结果治疗组完全缓解1例,部分缓解16例,有效率为47.2%,中位疾病进展时间为5.5个月,中位生存期为10.8个月,不良反应主要为感觉神经毒性。对照组部分缓解13例,有效率为40.6%,中位疾病进展时间为4.0个月,中位生存期为8.8个月,不良反应主要为恶心呕吐。结论奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效较好,不良反应轻。     

奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙治疗40例晚期胃癌分析

[目的]观察奥沙利铂(L-OHP)联合氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)和亚叶酸钙(CF)静脉滴注治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和不良反应.[方法]40例晚期胃癌患者,第1天采用L-OHP 130mg/m2静脉滴注2小时,CF 200mg/m2静脉滴注2小时后,5-Fu 500mg静滴30分钟后再用5-Fu 2.0g/m2持续静脉滴注泵连续滴注48小时,每3周重复1次.化疗2个周期后评价疗效.[结果]全组完全缓解2例,部分缓解16例,近期有效率为45.0%;不良反应主要为感觉神经毒性.[结论]奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效较好,不良反应轻.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.