肿瘤血管生成的分子影像学研究进展

肿瘤血管生成与肿瘤的生长、恶变、转移以及患者的预后有着密切的关系,因此,肿瘤的抗血管生成治疗引起了人们的极大兴趣.分子影像学应用高亲和力的分子探针与靶分子特异性结合的原理,可在活体细胞和分子水平上特征性地显示及测量生物机体的生化过程.近年来,分子影像学技术在肿瘤血管生成的可视化及定量研究中取得了一定的进展,有望成为肿瘤早期诊断与靶向治疗评价的重要手段.该文综述了肿瘤血管生成的分子影像学技术的最新进展.     

肿瘤血管生成的SPECT分子显像研究进展

肿瘤血管生成与肿瘤生长、转移有着密切的关系。肿瘤血管生成被各种蛋白分子调控,其中包括血管内皮生长因子、αvβ3整合素、细胞外基质蛋白、前列腺特异性膜抗原等。它们已成为肿瘤血管生成分子影像及靶向治疗研究领域的重要分子靶点。研究并利用这些蛋白分子准确无创地评估肿瘤新生血管及肿瘤抗血管生成治疗效果的成像方法,已成为现代医学影像学的一个重要课题。     

肿瘤血管生成中VEGF/VEGFRs的分子影像进展

肿瘤的血管生成在肿瘤的生长、演进、转移过程中具有重要的调节作用.对新生血管生成过程进行分子影像学评价,有利于肿瘤的早期诊断、指导抗血管药物治疗、估计预后等作用.本文主要对血管内皮生长因子/受体在分子成像中的应用及进展进行综述.     

肿瘤血管内皮生长因子受体核素显像研究现状

肿瘤血管生成是肿瘤生长与转移生物学行为的重要基础.血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及共受体(VEGFR)在肿瘤血管生成过程中起到了关键性的作用.VEGFR已成为目前肿瘤血管生成的诊断和治疗研究领域具有潜在应用价值的分子靶点.放射性核素受体显像具有灵敏度高、特异性强的优点,能够客观、准确显示体内肿瘤组织VEGFR的分布、密度及与其配体的结合亲和力,有助于肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断、临床分期、复发与转移的探测,并对临床实施针对VEGFR的肿瘤生物治疗具有积极的指导作用.     

肿瘤运输生理学及其对影像学和影像导向治疗的影响

概括实体性肿瘤的基本组成,肿瘤血管生成,讨论由于肿瘤组成和异常血管所致的分子运输屏障及这些屏障对影像学和影像导向治疗的潜在影响.     

肿瘤微环境响应性MRI纳米探针研究进展

肿瘤微环境与肿瘤的增殖、血管生成、侵袭、迁移和耐药性等密切相关,因此检测肿瘤微环境有助于深入了解肿瘤发展进程,利于临床评估并改善治疗方案.将MRI与纳米探针相结合,有望无创地获取实时、高分辨率、细胞水平乃至分子水平的肿瘤病理信息.本文综述了近年来基于肿瘤微环境特征设计的响应性MRI纳米探针的研究进展.     

肿瘤血管生成抑制剂及其在介入治疗中的应用

肿瘤的生长、转移和复发具有血管生成依赖性.肿瘤血管生成抑制剂可使肿瘤处于休眠状态,有效地抑制肿瘤生长、转移和复发.肿瘤血管生成抑制剂与介入治疗的结合有望在肿瘤治疗中发挥巨大作用.     

肿瘤血管生成的分子成像进展——整合素α_Vβ_3的分子成像

血管生成在实体肿瘤的生长和转移等生物行为中具有霞要的调节作用.对于肿瘤新生血管生成过程进行成像,可以为临床提供病变探测、药物应用筛选、治疗有效性评价和监测、疾病预后等多方面的大量重要信息.分子成像的发展为该领域的研究提供了新的空间和应用平台.主要对整合素αvβ3在肿瘤新生血管分子成像中的应用及其最新进展进行综述.     

肿瘤血管生成与动态增强MRI研究

目前多采用免疫组化染色血管内皮进行肿瘤内微血管计数的方法进行肿瘤血管生成的研究,磁共振成像技术可以通过动态增强MRI的信号特征来定量分析肿瘤内的血管生成情况,可同时获取解剖及某些生理资料.在检测肿瘤血管生成方面具有很大的潜力.就免疫组化肿瘤内微血管测定技术及动态增强MRI检测活体内肿瘤血管生成的方法以及研究现状进行综述.     

超声评价肿瘤血管生成及其生物学行为的研究进展

恶性实体肿瘤是血管依赖性病变,血管生成是多种实体瘤发生、发展的必要条件[1].微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)反映了血管生成因子与抗血管生成因子平衡的结果,是目前公认的评价肿瘤血管生成的可靠指标[2],MVD的高低与肿瘤的生物学行为,如恶性程度、侵袭性、肿瘤的复发和转移及肿瘤患者的预后密切相关[3].然而,MVD检测只能通过活检或手术后获得标本,并且结果仅反映肿瘤较小区域的血管生成情况,如何在手术前获取恶性肿瘤血管生成的信息,从而更科学、合理地制订有效治疗方案,已成为影像学探索的新方向.超声作为术前实时、准确、无创地评价肿瘤血管密度的影像学方法[4],可以反映肿瘤血管生成的形态和功能,已成为近年来超声影像学研究的重点.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme