LipofectAMINE2000与Fugene6转染细胞的效率比较

目的:比较LipofectAMINE2000与Fugene6转染细胞的效果。方法:将含有Firefly和Renilla荧光素酶基因的质粒分别用LipofectAMINE2000和Fugene6转染293T、HepG2和DLD-1细胞,于48h后裂解细胞测定荧光素酶活性。结果:在293T细胞中,LipofectAMINE2000转染组的萤火虫(Firefly)和Renilla荧光素酶活性分别是Fugene6转染组的6.5和5.6倍(P<0.005);在HepG2细胞中,LipofectAMINE2000转染组的Firefly和Renilla荧光素酶活性分别是Fugene6转染组的44和49倍(P<0.001);而在DLD-1细胞中,两者无差别。结论:转染试剂LipofectAMINE2000和Fugene6对不同细胞的转染效果存在差异,当进行转染实验时,对于不同的细胞须根据情况进行选择。     

鸡α-珠蛋白基因 5'端 MAR调控GFP的表达

目的观察不同细胞密度、不同转染时间MAR对GFP表达的影响.方法采用脂质体法将pcmv/gfp与pgfp/mar两个真核表达载体转染人的神经母细胞瘤细胞系(SH-SY5Y).结果在细胞密度为3.0×10 5cells/ml,转染后72h GFP表达量较其它条件下高,且在相同条件下,pgp/mar比pcmv/gfp表达要高.结论初步证明该MAR能够提高GFP的表达.     

Xfect介导重组质粒pEGFP-C2/LAT-ORF3高效转染Vero细胞的方法及其条件的优化

旨在用Xfect试剂介导重组质粒pEGFP-C2/LAT-ORF3转染Vero细胞,以期获得转染效率较高的方法,并检测目标片段的表达,从而为进一步研究HSV-2 LAT基因及其ORF3片段的生物学功能奠定基础。用Xfect试剂介导重组质粒pEGFP-C2/LAT-ORF3转染Vero细胞,48 h后观察荧光表达情况,并计算不同转染方法分别在有无血清及质粒与Xfect Polymer比例不同时的转染效率。用RT-PCR检测ORF3片段在Vero细胞中的表达。结果显示,采用贴壁转染法,在有血清及质粒与Xfect Polymer比例为5μg/2μL时转染效率较高;RT-PCR可以获得目的条带,证明ORF3片段在Vero细胞中得到表达。本试验获得的优化条件可以显著提高Xfect Polymer对Vero细胞的转染效率;以绿色荧光蛋白作为标签鉴定目的基因在细胞中表达的方法切实可行。     

三种转染试剂对RSC96细胞miRNA转染效率及细胞毒性影响的比较

目的比较三种转染试剂对大鼠施万细胞(Schwann cell,SC)mi RNA的转染效率和细胞毒性,为更好地研究SC创造条件。方法以大鼠SC株(RSC96)为研究对象,采用Lipofectamine 2000、Fu GENE6 Transfection Reagent和Super Fectin II Reagent分别转染绿色荧光素FAM标记的mi RNA阴性对照产品,比较和分析三者的转染效率以找出转染效率最高的转染试剂,并以CCK-8法细胞活性检测和TUNEL凋亡染色对这三种转染试剂的细胞毒性进行观察。结果 Fu GENE6 Transfection Reagent不适合RSC96转染mi RNA,lipofectamine 2000转染效率偏低,Super Fectin II Reagent转染效率能够满足实验要求,但其细胞毒性较大,应注意换液。结论 Super Fectin II Reagent可用于RSC96转染mi RNA,转染后宜进行换液以减少毒性。     

细胞穿透肽Tat-LK15介导siRNA的转染效率和细胞毒性研究

通过与Lipofectamine TM RNAi MAX(Lipo)比较,探讨细胞穿透肽Tat-LK15对人肾上皮细胞(human embryonic kidney 293T cells,293T)和大鼠视神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cell line,RGC-5)转染小干扰RNA(small interference RNA,si RNA)的效率和细胞毒性,为后期实验提供依据。以羧基荧光素(carboxyfluorescein,FAM)标记的si RNA为报告基因,不同剂量的Tat-LK15(Tat-LK15组)和Lipo(Lipo组)为转染试剂,分别转染293T和RGC-5细胞。转染24 h后荧光显微镜观察FAM荧光强度,计算转染效率,并以CCK-8法检测细胞毒性。随着Tat-LK15和Lipo剂量的增加,si RNA转染效率逐渐提高。当Tat-LK15与si RNA配比为2∶1(μg/μg)时,RGC-5细胞的转染效率达到最高((87.3±4.5)%),低于Lipo与si RNA配比为5∶1(μL/μg)时的最高转染效率((96.2±3.2)%(P0.05));作用于293T细胞时,两转染试剂的最高转染效率没有统计学差异(P0.05)。转染试剂剂量增加,Lipo细胞毒性显著增加,而Tat-LK15毒性无明显变化。转染效率最高时,Lipo(5μL)组293T和RGC-5的细胞存活率仅为((77.8±4.1)%,(73.4±7.7)%)显著低于Tat-LK15(2∶1)组同种细胞的存活率((91.0±3.7)%,(90.0±6.1)%)(P0.05)。Tat-LK15可有效地转染si RNA,细胞毒性低,安全性突出,有一定的应用前景。     

启动子CMV和EF1α对人胰岛素基因在BHK细胞中表达的影响

目的　构建人胰岛素基因真核高效表达载体 ,为胰岛素转基因研究奠定基础。方法　用限制性内切酶SpeⅠ和HindⅢ消化pEF1α GFP ,回收 1 2kbEF1α启动子 ,插入到pCMV mINS的NruⅠ和HindⅢ位点中 ,获得重组质粒pEF1α mINS ;将pCMV mINS和pEF1α mINS分别转染BHK细胞 ,用G418筛选 ,阳性克隆传至 2 0代后 ,分别用放免方法和免疫组化法分析胰岛素和 或胰岛素原在BHK细胞中的表达情况。结果　经放免测定 ,pCMV mINS和pEF1α mINS在BHK细胞中胰岛素和 或胰岛素原的表达量分别为 4 0 77μIU ml和 6 897μIU ml。经免疫组化分析 ,pCMV mINS在BHK细胞质中胰岛素表达水平的灰度值为 190 0± 19 5 6 ;pEF1α mINS在BHK细胞质中胰岛素表达水平的灰度值为 181 4± 18 45 ,在BHK细胞核中表达水平的灰度值为 15 5 4± 11 6 6。结论　在BHK细胞中启动子EF1α启动胰岛素基因表达的活性比启动子CMV高。     

阳离子脂质体Lipofectamine2000对PC12细胞转染效率的研究

通过改变转染试剂及DNA用量和转染时间等影响转染效率的重要因素来实现阳离子脂质体lipofectamineTM2000(lipo2000)对PC12细胞的高效转染.结果表明,lipo2000转染PC12细胞的最佳转染条件:lipo2000用量为5μL,DNA 2μg,转染时间为6 h,这种条件下的PC12细胞转染率高达40%,且未影响细胞的正常分泌,这为应用PC12细胞进行神经生物学研究提供了基础资料.     

聚乙烯亚胺转基因影响因素的测定及其优化

聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI)为阳离子多聚物 ,可浓缩DNA形成纳米级颗粒 ,作为基因释放载体转染真核细胞 .选用Mr2 5 0 0 0 ,分枝状的聚乙烯亚胺转染质粒 ,比较多种转基因效率的影响因素 .通过MTT法测定PEI对COS 7细胞的细胞毒性 .利用电泳阻滞实验测定PEI与DNA形成复合物时所需的比例 .通过PEI转染增强型绿色荧光蛋白的pEGFP质粒、编码β 半乳糖苷酶的pSVβ质粒 ,探索氯喹、白蛋白、血清、盐离子浓度、质粒剂量、细胞数量等对聚乙烯亚胺转基因效率的影响 .实验发现 ,PEI对细胞的毒性作用与剂量相关 .PEI DNA的N P比在 3 0以上方可完全结合DNA .溶酶体抑制剂氯喹可增加转染效率 .培养液中的白蛋白、血清会降低转染效率 .生理盐溶液作为配制PEI DNA复合物的溶媒 ,转染效率高于 5 %葡萄糖作为溶媒 .随着转染质粒剂量的增加 ,转染效率呈剂量依赖正效应 .聚乙烯亚胺是有效的体外真核细胞转染剂 ,可用于合成更复杂的基因释放载体 .     

一种可降解的阳离子聚合物基因转染试剂

目的：合成一种高效、低毒的新型阳离子聚合物载体。方法：以低分子量的聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）为阳离子聚合物的基本单位,以可水解的2,4-戊二醇二丙烯酸盐（PODOA）为交联剂,合成高分子聚合物。用DNA凝胶迟滞实验验证聚合物与DNA的亲和力,以绿色荧光蛋白基因和萤光素酶检测其基因转染效率,用聚合物凝胶电泳实验鉴定其降解性,以MTT法检测其细胞毒性。结果：聚合物具有高的DNA结合亲和力、高基因转染效率,基因转染后的萤光素酶活性高达3×10^9RLU／mg,其基因转染效率相当于甚至优于目前市售的转染试剂,而细胞毒性明显低于其他试剂。该聚合物在中性环境下可降解,而在酸性条件下非常稳定。结论：合成的聚合物具有高转染效率和低细胞毒性,可能在转染和基因治疗研究中起重要作用。     

PEI在动物皮肤组织基因转化中的应用研究

用低分子量的聚乙亚胺(PEI)开发一种新的非病毒基因转染系统,为基因在皮肤组织中的有效转染提供一种可靠、廉价的方法。将带有绿色荧光蛋白报告基因(gfp)的真核表达质粒与阳离子聚合物聚乙亚胺结合,用肝癌细胞株CM7721试验,研究其转染效率及可能引起的细胞毒性;进一步转染小鼠皮肤组织,研究转染基因的表达位置及持续表达时间。结果发现,低分子量PEI介导的细胞转染效率最高可达55%,转染效率与PEI结构无关(P>0·05),但是随着PEI分子量的增加,其转染活性略有下降。同时,随着分子量的增加,PEI对细胞的毒性也相应加大;小鼠皮肤转染实验显示,转染24h后,gfp即可在皮肤组织的毛囊、汗腺、皮脂腺等处高效表达,表达可持续7~9d;进一步对皮肤用氮酮、维甲酸处理后,gfp可在皮肤组织的颗粒层细胞中高效表达。PEI是一种高效、有用的非病毒基因转染载体,能够在体外培养的动物细胞及动物皮肤组织中进行基因转移,这对皮肤疾病的基因治疗具有潜在的应用价值。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.