基于时空白适应预测的无损视频压缩

本文提出了一种时间预测和空间预测相结合的视频压缩方法，配合自适应的融合技术，然后采用基于上下文的熵编码技术，对视频序列进行无损压缩，使无损视频压缩的效果比JPEG-LS和CALIC平均优30％。     

基于时空白适应预测的无损视频压缩

本文提出了一种时间预测和空间预测相结合的视频压缩方法，配合自适应的融合技术，然后采用基于上下文的熵编码技术，对视频序列进行无损压缩，使无损视频压缩的效果比JPEG-LS和CALIC平均优30％。     

基于低熵源编码有效图像压缩算法

在信息论中,数据压缩是数据处理的难题之一,尤其是图像无损压缩。JPEG-LS算法是公认的灰度图像有效的压缩算法。然而,对于计算机绘制的灰度图像(如CAD、SOLIDWORK等),其压缩效率低,限制了JPEG-LS的广泛应用。提出一种基于两步编码法的图像有效压缩算法,即建模和编码,算法与JPEG-LS灰度图像压缩标准进行对比实验,实验结果证明该算法提高了压缩效率。     

H.264中高吞吐量算术编码器的FPGA实现

H.264是国际上最新、最有前途的视频压缩标准,基于上下文的二进制算术编码器(CABAc)是H.264中一种高效的熵编码器,但其算法比较复杂,吞吐量不高.为此,提出了一种高吞吐量算术编码器的电路结构.在递归过程中,通过对两个符号的同时处理而提高吞吐量,从而提高编码速度.整体的电路采用流水线结构,该结构在spartan3 FPGA上实现,编码速度达到2bits/cycle,最高的时钟频率可达67.5MHz.     

基于LTE系统的VoIP自适应调度算法

提出一种基于LTE系统的VoIP服务的自适应上行调度算法,该算法采用自适应多速率语音编码器,利用传统MAC通用报头中的2个比特将语音编码的模式告知eNB,eNB根据UE的语音状态转换和语音编码速率动态分配上行链路资源。从系统容量、吞吐量和时延方面对比分析该算法和传统算法的性能。理论分析和仿真结果表明,在时延满足要求的前提下,该算法比传统算法具有更高的系统容量和吞吐量。     

一种适用于JPEG2000的流水线MQ编码器设计

JPEG2000采用基于上下文的MQ算术编码来增强压缩效果,但其实现比较复杂,特别对编解码器具有高数据吞吐量要求的高分辨率图像处理难以达到实时实现,为此提出MQ算术编码的硬件快速算法。首先分析了JPEG2000标准中MQ编码算法流程,然后提出了一种四级流水线结构的硬件实现。实验结果表明,根据所提出的硬件结构,编码器在Altera的EP1S25B672上最高运行速度能够达到65MHz,共占用了1051个LE资源,以较少的资源取得了较高的数据吞吐量。     

基于JPEG-LS的高效掌纹图像安全编码算法

提出一种基于JPEG-LS的对掌纹图像压缩的加密算法,它将JPEG-LS编码系统进行改进,增加了基于前馈反馈非线性动力学滤波器(FFNDF)的安全系统,即针对图像压缩编码最后的熵编码阶段,引入混沌系统,去除图像的空间冗余和相关冗余,以尽可能地降低图像加密对压缩的影响.对算法进行了安全性分析.与其它混沌压缩编码加密算法进行比较的实验结果表明,提出的压缩加密算法不仅具有较高的加密效率和安全性,且计算复杂度低,对压缩性能没有影响.     

基于纹理特征的医学彩色图像无损压缩法

彩色图像的压缩要兼顾效率及质量方面的指标。医学图像具有纹理特征较明显的特点,在此基础上提出了一种新的基于图像纹理特征预测技术的图像压缩方法。该算法与JPEG-LS标准完全兼容,通过纹理特征预测模型,实现图像信息冗余量的最佳去除;同时该算法沿袭了JPEG-LS低复杂度的特点,具有较高的执行效率,适用于实时的医学图像数据采集系统。     

Rate-distortion理论在H.264编码器中的应用

编码模式的选择是视频编码器控制的一个重要功能，它直接决定了编码器的性能和效率。新的视频压缩协议H．264协议比其它视频压缩协议提出了更多的编码模式，这就决定了H．264编码器不能像H.263编码器一样，通过比较某个门限值来简单地决定采用哪种编码模式。另一方面，根据Rate-distortion理论，在失真度与比特率之间存在一个最佳折衷点。如果确定了合适的拉各朗日(Lagrangian)参数，就能利用拉各朗日公式找到这个最佳折衷点。把这一理论作为H.264编码器的模式选择算法，将会使H．264编码器根据图像内容自适应地选择最佳的编码模式，达到最佳的压缩效果。     

一种实时低成本压缩算法的VLSI实现

针对传统视频图像压缩算法时延长和成本高的问题,提出一种新的无损/近无损视频压缩算法。该算法由码率控制器和熵编码器组成,其中码率控制器通过对已有信息进行分析（上下文）来确定当前宏块的可用比特数,然后根据大量实验得出的高效Huffman码表,并结合位平面编码器对残差进行编码。实验结果表明,文中提出的视频图像压缩算法能够工作在300 MHz,吞吐量最差为1.3 pixel/cycle,同时仅用一块120＊720的SRAM来存储上一行像素值,因此很好地解决了时延和成本问题。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).