基于柔度比优化设计杠杆式柔性铰链放大机构

分析与研究了柔性铰链的柔度特性,用于柔性放大机构的优化设计。提出了一个通用的柔度比参数λ,探讨了具有不同柔度比λ的柔性铰链主要输出位移形式的灵敏度,分析了它对常用柔性铰链的柔度特性的影响规律。然后,以柔性铰链的柔度比λ为基本参数,在考虑柔性铰链转动中心偏移量的基础上,推导了二级杠杆式柔性铰链放大机构放大率的理论计算方法,并依据柔性铰链的柔度比特性提出了柔性放大机构的优化设计方法。开展了有限元仿真和实验研究。结果显示,优化后的柔性放大机构的放大率比优化前的放大率分别提高了0.234和0.23。实验表明,依据柔性铰链的柔度比λ对柔性放大机构进行优化设计能够有效地提高柔性放大机构的位移放大率与工作行程,进而提高放大机构的末端运动及定位精度。     

基于APDL的柔性铰链位移放大机构

针对压电陶瓷微位移驱动器输出位移范围小的局限性,应用柔性铰链位移放大原理,设计了一种柔性铰链微位移放大机构,提出了柔性铰链杠杆放大机构的参数化数学建模方法,并采用ANSYS参数化程序设计语言（APDL）编写了柔性铰链杠杆放大机构的建模和仿真分析程序。仿真试验表明,所设计的柔性铰链杠杆放大机构的输入位移与输出位移线性度高,实际放大位移与理论值相差5％,完全可以满足机构的微位移放大要求。     

基于柔性铰链的微位移放大机构设计

为了对柔性铰链进行优化设计,定义了一个新的参数并用它来讨论5种常见的柔性铰链一直梁型柔性铰链、圆角直梁型柔性铰链、椭圆型柔性铰链、抛物线型柔性铰链和双曲线型柔性铰链.首先建立了一个柔性铰链的有限元模型并用理论分析验证它的正确性.由于刚度是影响柔性铰链性能的最重要的参数,定义了一个参数λ--柔性铰链凹口处长与宽的比值.然后通过有限元分析得出5种柔性铰链刚度比值ε的曲线,并且基于此比值设计了一个压电致动器的微位移放大机构.本文的设计方法以及刚度比ε有助于我们设计这一类型的微位移放大机构.     

微位移放大机构的分析与计算

基于力学理论提出一种通用的柔性铰链柔度的计算方法,适用于各种切口形状的单轴和多轴柔性铰链的设计计算。推导出直圆柔性铰链在平面受力状态下的柔度计算公式,并分析了直圆柔性铰链结构参数与性能的关系。分析一种微位移放大机构的结构与工作原理,推导出微位移放大机构获得较大输出位移时,机构中两直圆柔性铰链结构参数应满足的关系,计算结果表明本文方法正确有效。     

基于GMA柔性换向放大机构的结构设计与优化

设计了一种以超磁致伸缩驱动器(GMA)为驱动单元,以杠杆式柔性铰链进行位移换向放大的微位移传递机构。根据弹性力学理论,在考虑柔性铰链转动中心偏移量的基础上,推导出柔性换向放大机构的放大比和固有频率表达式,运用Matlab软件优化分析柔性铰链的切割半径R和最小厚度t等几何参数,获得了柔性铰链几何参数的最优值,并对优化后的结果进行有限元分析,最后,将仿真结果与理论分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,理论分析与有限元分析验证了理论模型的正确性,实现了机构放大倍数高、位移换向呈直线输出的设计目标。     

全柔性微位移放大机构的设计与分析

微机械放大器中常采用全柔性微位移放大机构来实现输出位移的放大,且大多采用短臂柔性铰链连接各构件。设计了一种对称的长柔性杆微位移放大机构,结合弹性力学和Bernoulli-Eu-ler假设,推导出该放大机构的力位移计算公式及放大比公式。对影响该机构放大比的关键因素进行了分析,通过实例分析得到该机构中的长柔性杆角度与输出位移之间的关系。同时用有限元方法对该实例进行了仿真分析,并对两种方法所得结果进行了分析比较。     

基于类V型柔性铰链的微位移放大机构

采用新型高精度类V型柔性铰链设计了柔性微位移放大机构,以减小该类机构的寄生运动并提高其动力学性能。对类V型柔性铰链与最常见的高精度直圆型柔性铰链的性能进行了比较;在考虑柔性铰链转动中心偏移量的基础上,基于弹性力学和材料力学理论推导了基于类V型柔性铰链和基于直圆型柔性铰链的两类二级杠杆式微位移放大机构的放大比。采用ANSYS软件,建立了放大机构的有限元模型,验证了位移放大比的理论推导,并对上述两类放大机构的位移放大比、寄生运动和固有频率进行了仿真和比较。有限元分析结果显示：基于类V型柔性铰链的放大机构有着更小的寄生运动和更高的固有频率,且前2阶固有频率分别是基于直圆型柔性铰链放大机构的1.68倍和1.41倍。最后,采用微视觉测量系统测量了两类放大机构的位移放大比和寄生运动。结果表明：基于类V型和直圆型柔性铰链放大机构的放大比和相对寄生运动比分别为4.387、4.529和0.314 7、0.334 2,显示类V型柔性铰链用于微位移放大机构可有效减小寄生运动并提高动力学性能。     

柔性微位移放大机构的设计与动力性能仿真分析

为将压电陶瓷驱动器的输出位移进行放大,根据差式位移放大原理设计了一种新型柔性微位移放大机构。分析了直圆柔性铰链的结构参数对铰链刚度的影响。推导了该机构的位移放大倍数和最大应力的计算公式,并建立了柔性微位移放大机构的动力学模型,得到该机构的固有频率计算公式。利用有限元软件对其进行动力性能仿真分析,分析表明:该位移放大机构设计合理且处于稳定的工作状态。     

基于交叉簧片柔性铰链的空间微位移机构

基于交叉簧片柔性铰链(简称‘交叉铰链’)设计了一种用于光束跟踪、精密指向和瞄准的同轴八铰微位移放大机构。该机构使用菱形构型,用交叉铰链作集中柔性元件,节点处交叉铰链两两同轴配合使用,以便保证运动的平稳输出。研究了机构的运动学以及力学性能,计算了微位移机构的行程放大比和灵敏度;根据交叉铰链的刚度模型,推导出微位移机构的理论刚度;最后,应用有限元软件对机构进行建模并对运动学、静力学以及动力学性能进行仿真。完成了样机的加工和测试,测试结果显示,机构放大比为1.905,理论与测试误差低于2.2%,结构刚度为18.21N/mm,误差低于0.32%,一阶频率为8.8Hz,误差低于5%。分析结果验证了本设计的可行性和有效性。该机构适用于空间高精度微位移领域。     

应用于压电叠堆泵的柔性铰链放大机构的设计和性能分析

研制了一种应用于压电叠堆泵的柔性铰链放大机构,通过有限元方法分析了一些主要机构参数对柔性铰链放大机构输出位移的影响,并对其参数进行了优化设计.在此基础上加工制造了样机,并通过试验验证了其良好的位移放大性能和动态响应特性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.