6种魔芋光合特性的比较研究

光合作用是植物根本特性,其光合参数与植物种类有关.魔芋属半荫生植物,为获得不同魔芋种光合作用相关信息,应用双曲线修正模型建立通光响应曲线,通过计算和分析,结果表明:甜魔芋、疣柄魔芋、株芽魔芋、滇魔芋、东京魔芋、攸乐魔芋的光补偿点(LCPs)在2.41～17.83μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)之间,东京魔芋(2.41μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))和攸乐魔芋(3.67μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))光补偿点显著低于其他魔芋,光饱和点(LSPs)在417.16～1 381.22μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),甜魔芋(1 381.22μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))和弥勒魔芋(1 323.76μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))显著高于其余魔芋种.表观量子产率(AQYs)疣柄魔芋最低(0.026μmol·mol~(-1)),弥勒魔芋最高(0.046μmol·mol~(-1)).甜魔芋的最大净光合速率(P_(max)=14.47μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))显著高于其余种,弥勒魔芋次之,疣柄魔芋最小.这些研究结果揭示了魔芋种间光合性能的差异,为高光效育种奠定了基础.     

羊草在多云条件下光合及水分生理生态特征研究

使用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪,对自然条件下呼伦贝尔草原羊草的光合及水分生理生态特征进行了研究,结果表明:八月的呼伦贝尔草原多阴云天气,羊草的净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线,蒸腾速率曲线与净光合速率表现出一致的趋势.光响应曲线、CO_2响应曲线结果表明:光合速率(P_n)与CO_2浓度(C_(CO_2))之间回归方程为P_n=-0.09051+0.03865 C_(CO_2)-1×10~(-5) C_(CO_2)~2,根据回归方程可求得CO_2补偿点为2.34μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),CO_2饱和点为1932.5μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).P_n与光合有效辐射(PAR)之间回归方程为P_n=-2.0596+0.02094 PAR-8×10~(-6) PAR2,光补偿点(LCP)为102.36μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),光饱和点(LSP)为1308.75μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),羊草较高的光补偿点和光饱和点是其适应内蒙古高原高光强环境的表现,也是其成为该地区优势植物的适应对策.     

珍稀濒危植物喙核桃的光合特性研究

针对广西特有珍稀濒危材油两用植物喙核桃(Annamocarya sinensis)生理生态特性缺乏的现状,采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪对喙核桃的光合-光响应曲线和光合日变化特征进行测定,以期为喙核桃的人工种植提供科学依据。结果表明,0-1 000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光强范围内,净光合速率随光强的增大而快速上升。喙核桃的最大净光合速率为10.17μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),暗呼吸速率为0.85μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),表观量子效率为0.073μmol·μmol~(-1),光补偿点为44.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。净光合速率与光合有效辐射、气温、叶温呈正相关关系,与CO_2浓度和空气湿度呈负相关关系,都未达显著水平(P0.05)。野生喙核桃虽都分布于阔叶林、河谷等阴生环境中,但具阳生植物的光合特性,可引种种植在阳光充足的生境。     

不同半夏属植物光合作用相关生理特征研究

半夏属植物多为重要的药用植物,其光合生理相关特征的探究对栽培生产、野生资源保护等具有重要意义。本文对半夏属的三个物种四种材料(半夏、盾叶半夏、绿叶型滴水珠和斑叶型滴水珠)进行了光响应曲线、光合色素含量及叶片下表皮气孔特征的比较研究。结果表明:半夏属植物都具有低光补偿点(≤23.72μmol光子·m~(-2)·s~(-1))、低光饱和点(≤775.12μmol光子·m~(-2)·s~(-1))、较高的表观光合量子效率(除半夏外都在0.05左右)、较低的叶绿素a/b比值(≤2.88)和较低的气孔密度(≤58.46个·mm~(-2)),都是典型的阴生植物。结果显示半夏属植物的栽培生产和资源保护需要进行适当的遮阴处理。     

不同基因型斑兰叶光合日变化及环境因子的相关性分析

为了了解不同基因型斑兰叶(Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb)光合生理特性与环境因子的相关性,采用LI-6400XT光合作用测定系统,在自然环境条件下测定了不同斑兰叶植株的光合日变化.结果表明:不同斑兰叶的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)日变化均呈单峰曲线,其中大叶斑兰的Pn、Tr和Gs值均高于斑兰叶的Pn、Tr和Gs值,大叶斑兰的Pn与Gs值均在13:00时达到最高值,分别为12.98μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)与0.41μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),而斑兰叶则在11:00时达到最高值,分别为5.55μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)与0.11μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),两者的Tr值在13:00时均达到最高值,大叶斑兰为3.37μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),斑兰叶为1.47μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),并且两者的Pn与Tr、Gs呈极显著正相关;大叶斑兰的水分利用率(WUE)日变化呈不断下降的趋势,斑兰叶呈先上升后下降的趋势,斑兰叶WUE值继续上升,在15:00时达到最高值4.96μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),并高于大叶斑兰,斑兰叶的WUE与Pn显著正相关,大叶斑兰无相关性;大叶斑兰的胞间隙CO_2含量(Ci)日变化呈不断上升趋势,斑兰叶呈先上升后下降然后再上升的趋势,在19:00时两者都上升到最高值,斑兰叶为561.04μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),大叶斑兰为378.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);大叶斑兰的气孔阻止值(SLR)日变化呈不断下降趋势,斑兰叶呈先下降后上升然后再下降的趋势,至15:00时达最高值0.37μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),13:00至17:00期间斑兰叶的SLR值都高于大叶斑兰的SLR值.另外,环境因子中的空气相对湿度(RH-H)与Pn极显著正相关,大气CO_2浓度(Ca)与Pn极显著负相关.综上所述,大叶斑兰和斑兰叶均适宜种植在阴暗湿润的环境下,虽然大叶斑兰具有比斑兰叶更强的光合能力,但斑兰叶的水分利用率要强于大叶斑兰的水分利用率,并具有更强的生长潜力.     

4种模型对黄枝油杉光合光响应曲线的拟合分析

【目的】为找出黄枝油杉(Keteleeria calcarea)光合光响应曲线的最佳模型,以得到较为准确的光合特征参数。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合系统对黄枝油杉的光合光响应曲线进行测定,并通过4种模型(直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、指数模型和直角双曲线修正模型)对其光响应曲线进行拟合。【结果】直角双曲线模型和非直角双曲线模型的最大净光合速率(Pnmax)拟合值高于实测值,而指数模型和直角双曲线修正模型的拟合值与实测值较为接近;在4种模型中,直角双曲线修正模型的Isat拟合值(850.45μmol·m-2·s-1)与实测值(800μmol·m-2·s-1)最为接近,其余3种模型求得的Isat远低于实测值。直角双曲线修正模型对黄枝油杉的光响应曲线拟合得到的Pnmax、光饱和点(Isat)、光补偿点(Ic)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别为5.06μmol·m-2·s-1、850.45μmol·m-2·s-1、7.86μmol·m-2·s-1和0.816μmol·m-2·s-1。【结论】直角双曲线修正模型的拟合效果最好,指数模型次之,非直角双曲线模型和直角双曲线模型的拟合效果最差。     

3年生观光木夏季的光合生理特性初探

以盆栽3年生观光木为试材,利用便携式光合作用测量系统、叶绿素荧光仪及叶圆片氧电极等在夏季对其气体交换特性、叶绿素荧光参数及离体叶片的光合放氧等进行了测定.结果表明,3年生观光木幼树叶片的光补偿点为10.1μmo L/(m~2·s),光饱和点约为为800μmol/(m~2·s),CO_2补偿点为50.72μmol/mol,CO_2饱和点为1 200μmol/mol.夏季晴好天气下,观光木净光合速率(Pn)的日变化曲线呈双峰型,第1个峰出现在08:00,Pn为9.0μmol/(m~2·s),第2个峰出现在16:00,Pn为4.6μmol/(m~2·s),12:00有明显的光合午休现象.在光合有效辐射较高的时段(10:00至14:00),观光木的F_v/F——m(PSⅡphotochemical efficiency)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)均处于低水平,表明PSⅡ活性明显下降.     

广西道地药材战骨的光合特性研究

【目的】针对广西道地药材战骨(Premna fulva Craib)丰产、高产栽培技术研究缺乏的现状,对战骨光合特点进行测定与分析,旨在了解战骨的光合作用特征,为其人工种植提供科学依据。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对战骨的光合作用-光响应曲线和光合日变化各指标进行测定。【结果】战骨叶片的最大净光合速率17.07μmol·m-2·s-1,表观量子效率0.047μmol·ml-2·s-1,暗呼吸速率0.620μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点1364μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点13.14μmol·m-2·s-1。战骨的净光合速率(Pn)日进程呈"双峰型"曲线,偏相关分析表明,Pn与光合有效辐射、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶温呈极显著正相关,光合"午休"的主要原因是强光引起的非气孔因素。【结论】战骨具阳生植物的光合特性,适宜种植在阳光充足的生境。     

温室屋面光伏组件对温室微环境及作物净光合速率的影响——以草莓温室为例

以"京藏香"草莓为实验作物,研究温室南面屋面安装光伏组件对温室微环境以及草莓叶片净光合速率的影响.结果表明:光伏温室内太阳辐射日均值相比普通温室降低了47.3%,光合有效辐射PAR降低了68%.光伏温室草莓叶片净光合速率P_n日均值为3.53μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),高于普通温室内草莓叶片P_n日均值3.34μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).在普通温室中,草莓叶片光能利用率(LUE)仅为光伏温室的26.3%,但草莓叶片净光合速率随空气温度、空气湿度和PAR变化的幅度均高于光伏温室.     

巨尾桉与几种阔叶树和针叶树碳储量的比较研究

【目的】研究广西北海市巨尾桉（Eucalyptus grandis×E．urophylla）、红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）、海南蒲桃（Szygium cumini）、香梓楠（Michelia hedyosperma）、闽楠（Michelia macclurei）、杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）、马尾松（Pinus massoniana）的冠幅、生物量和碳储量情况,为该地区建立人工林优势树种选择提供科学依据。【方法】对两年生的巨尾桉、红锥、海南蒲桃、香梓楠、闽楠、杉木、马尾松进行常规的群落调查,采用收获法收集各树种的根、茎、叶、枝,通过实验手段测定其生物量、含碳率、碳储量。【结果】巨尾桉冠幅为其他树种的1．7～8．6倍,高度为3．1～6倍,基径为1．6～3．6倍;巨尾桉生物量高达17．2t·hm^2,其次海南蒲桃为3．6t·hm^2,其余树种生物量较低;巨尾桉含碳率在所有树种中居于中间水平,碳储量为其他树种的6～30倍。【结论】在同龄树种中,巨尾桉的固碳能力较强,可作为人工林生态固碳的优选树种。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to