酶法制备豆皮低聚木糖的工艺研究

利用木聚糖酶酶解豆皮制备低聚木糖,通过单因素试验考察酶解温度、pH 值、时间、料液比以及酶添加量对酶解液中低聚木糖含量的影响,并在此基础上通过正交试验确立最佳酶解工艺条件：酶添加量0.3%、pH4.3、料液比1:15(g/mL)、温度40℃、酶解时间2h。该最佳工艺条件下,总还原还原糖含量为5.74mg/mL。通过离子色谱检测酶解液中的糖分组成,发现酶解液中的单糖以木糖为主,相对含量达到54.99%。     

超声波-复合酶法制备玉米秸秆低聚木糖工艺优化

以玉米秸秆为原料,利用超声波-复合酶法制备低聚木糖,研究超声波温度、超声处理时间、复合酶比例、复合酶添加量、酶解时间对低聚木糖制备的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken试验设计方案对制备条件进行优化,得出制备玉米秸秆低聚木糖的最佳工艺参数为:超声温度56℃,超声处理时间40min,添加0.8%(以玉米秸秆计)复合酶(木聚糖酶和纤维素酶按照2∶1的比例组成)并酶解30 min,在此条件下,酶解液中(以玉米秸秆计)还原糖含量为36.43mg/g、可溶性总糖含量为74.32mg/g、平均聚合度为2.04。高效液相色谱法成分分析得出低聚木糖糖液的主要成分是木二糖和木三糖。     

麦草热水预水解过程产物分析及木糖生成模型

为了探究麦草热水预水解过程中产物的生成变化规律,分别采用离子色谱和高效液相色谱检测预水解液中糖类(阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和木糖)和发酵抑制物(甲酸、乙酸、5-羟甲基糠醛和糠醛)的含量,分析了单因素实验中糖类和发酵抑制物的生成变化规律;同时采用响应面法对影响麦草热水预水解液中木糖生成的固液比、水解温度和水解时间进行了优化研究,建立了木糖生成量的二次多项式数学模型。结果表明,在固液比1∶11.67、水解时间57.76 min和水解温度173.96℃的条件下,木糖的生成量达到最高,为83.91 mg/g麦草。     

水热耦合稀乙酸拆解杨木纤维的条件优化及表征

采用水热耦合稀乙酸预处理技术对速生杨木进行拆解,研究了乙酸质量分数、固液比、温度及反应时间对杨木木糖去除率和纤维素拆解分离得率的影响规律。结果表明,在乙酸质量分数0.5%、固液比1∶20、温度170℃、反应时间30 min条件下,木糖去除率为92.9%,纤维素拆解分离得率为94.0%。通过对水热残渣和预处理液的结构与成分分析,表明水热耦合稀乙酸预处理是一种温和的拆解分离方法,其主要去除杨木纤维中半纤维素的木糖成分,将大部分木糖转化为低聚木糖,同时对纤维素和木质素的破坏较小,从而保护纤维素、提高纤维素酶的可及度。     

超声波辅助复合酶法制备玉米芯低聚木糖

以玉米芯为原料,采用超声波辅助复合酶法制备低聚木糖。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验对超声波辅助复合酶法制备玉米芯低聚木糖工艺进行优化。结果表明,低聚木糖的最佳制备工艺条件为超声温度60℃,超声功率300 W,由木聚糖酶和纤维素酶按照3:2的比例组成复合酶添加量1.0%,酶解20 min,料液比为1:15(g/mL)。在此条件下,酶解液中以玉米芯计还原糖含量为43.61 mg/g,可溶性总糖含量为75.01 mg/g,平均聚合度为1.72。     

杨木短时水热处理脱除半纤维素和木质素

对木质纤维素进行水热处理,能够使半纤维素和木质素有效分离进而实现高值利用。本研究探索杨木在温度180~200℃、时间5-10 min的连续多次短时水热处理(SHT),结果表明,半纤维素木糖产率与处理温度正相关,在200℃、5 min条件下2次处理达到最高产量,每吨杨木产出42.7千克木糖,溶出率31.3%。短时水热处理过程中木质素同样大量溶出,在200℃、5 min条件下3次处理,木质素溶出产量达101.1千克/吨木材,溶出率37.6%。与长时间水热处理方式相比,SHT能够更快溶出更多的木质素,这可能与SHT木质素缩合程度低有关。     

酶解条件对麦麸低聚木糖含量及其性质的影响

采用酶法水解麦麸水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖制备低聚木糖,研究酶解温度、酶解时间和加酶量对低聚木糖含量及其糖组成、平均聚合度以及益生元活性的影响。结果表明:随着酶解时间由1h延长至2 h、酶解温度由40℃增加至50℃和加酶量由0.125 g/L增加至1 g/L时,低聚木糖含量增加,平均聚合度减小,木二糖、木三糖和木四糖的相对含量比值减小;不同酶解条件下得到的低聚木糖培养青春双歧杆菌的菌体浓度含量均有不同程度的增加;青春双歧杆菌代谢不同酶解条件下得到的低聚木糖发酵液中代谢产物均含乳酸、乙酸和丙酸,乙酸含量最高,其产酸量变化趋势与菌体浓度和低聚木糖含量相一致,与低聚木糖平均聚合度相反。当酶解温度50℃,酶解时间2 h和加酶量1 g/L时,低聚木糖含量达到最大为101 mg/g,平均聚合度降至最小3.23,木二糖、木三糖和木四糖的相对含量比值也最小,菌体浓度增值倍数达到最大为5.65倍。     

利用玉米芯制备对香豆酸和低聚木糖的研究

采用氢氧化钙代替氢氧化钠从玉米芯中提取对香豆酸,而后采用酶法水解残渣制备低聚木糖。提取对香豆酸的最佳工艺为：料液比（玉米芯∶提取液）1∶10,氢氧化钙用量0.1g/g玉米芯,室温下提取24h。在此条件下,对香豆酸提取率为10.66mg/g。提取对香豆酸后的残渣用清水洗至中性,在料液比1∶15（玉米芯∶提取液）的条件下,用木聚糖酶酶解,经响应面实验得其最佳工艺条件：酶添加量8g/L、温度55℃、pH5.0、时间8h。在此条件下,酶解产生的还原糖含量为155.84mg/g,可溶性总糖含量为379.61mg/g,平均聚合度为2.43。     

酸催化水解处理甘蔗叶提取木糖的研究

为了从蒸汽爆破预处理后得到的甘蔗叶中提取木糖,采用酸催化水解法处理甘蔗叶研究了提取木糖过程中各因素对木糖溶出量的影响。结果表明,木糖得率随硫酸浓度先增大后减小,随液料比增大而增大,随反应时间延长先增大后减小,随水解温度增高,先增大后减小。最佳酸解工艺条件是,硫酸浓度2%,反应时间2 h,反应温度100℃,液料比是11:1(v/w)。     

响应面优化微波结合木聚糖酶制备稻壳低聚木糖工艺研究

为研究微波预处理结合木聚糖酶制备稻壳低聚木糖,在微波功率、微波时间、酶解温度、酶解时间以及料液比5个单因素试验对稻壳低聚木糖提取量影响的基础上,利用Box-Behnken试验设计,采用响应面分析对稻壳低聚木糖的制备工艺进行优化。结果表明,稻壳低聚木糖制备的最佳条件为微波功率640 W,微波时间3.2 min,酶解温度59 ℃,酶解时间3 h,料液比1∶15（g∶mL）。在此优化条件下,制备得到的低聚木糖含量为4.94 mg/g,实际测定结果与理论值的相对误差为1.2%,说明响应面法优化制备稻壳低聚木糖合理可行。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.