具有热集成的甲醇多效精馏新工艺及其模拟

在分析现有甲醇双效精馏工艺存在不足的基础上,提出了一种节能的五塔甲醇多效精馏新工艺.五塔新工艺在现有四塔工艺的加压塔之后增加了1台中压塔,精甲醇按适当比例分别由加压塔、中压塔、常压塔和回收塔塔顶采出,使原加压塔和常压塔负荷减少约30%;同时适当提高了新回收塔的操作压力,使加压塔与中压塔、中压塔与常压塔、回收塔与预塔形成...     

热泵耦合甲醇多效精馏节能新工艺

粗甲醇精馏的能耗是影响甲醇生产成本的关键因素之一。虽然五塔多效精馏可以降低精馏过程能耗,但仍存在相当的低品位余热未利用,为进一步降低五塔多效精馏工艺的能耗,本研究引入机械蒸汽再压缩式（MVR）热泵,在常压塔提馏段增设辅助再沸器,形成热泵耦合多效甲醇精馏新工艺。基于新工艺的全流程模拟数据,文章利用夹点技术对热泵设置的合理性进行分析,采用能耗、效能系数（COP）和年总成本（TAC）等指标对新工艺过程进行评价。结果表明：热泵耦合多效甲醇精馏新工艺中热泵设置合理,冷负荷为24.7MW,再沸器总热负荷为22.25MW,COP为22.5,相比五塔多效精馏工艺,冷负荷、热负荷以及TAC分别降低33.76%、32.64%和26.97%。热泵耦合多效甲醇精馏新工艺节能效果显著。     

节能型甲醇精馏工艺研究

提出两种节能型甲醇精馏新工艺。在改进的三塔双效精馏工艺中,加压塔的蒸汽不仅用作常压塔的热源,还同时供给预塔的再沸器。四塔双效精馏工艺在传统三塔流程中新增一个加压塔,它的蒸汽用于预塔的再沸器,新增加压塔的塔顶得到精甲醇产品,塔底排出废水。对两种新工艺进行了稳态模拟,结果表明各换热器的两侧有合适的温差,换热器可以正常工作,对3种工艺的对比表明,改进的三塔工艺比传统三塔工艺节能16.67%,四塔工艺比传统三塔工艺节能16.17%。     

甲醇四塔精馏模拟研究

主要对甲醇四塔精馏工艺进行研究,并通过工艺模拟软件Hysys对四塔精馏工艺进行模拟分析。通过分析得出甲醇四塔精馏工艺是甲醇生产工业中实用可靠的甲醇提纯工艺。采用加压精馏塔和常压精馏塔双效精馏可以有效的提高能量利用率和节能,增加回收塔可降低常压塔的控制的复杂程度以及提高整个工艺的可靠性。     

具有热集成和水集成的甲醇精馏新工艺及其模拟

提出了一种新的三塔精馏工艺用于合成甲醇的精制过程.在采用差压双效精馏实现系统内的热集成方案中,新工艺从加压精馏塔进料板上部的侧线采出中等甲醇浓度的物料作为常压精馏塔的进料,有效地平衡了两塔的分离负荷,进一步降低了双效精馏的总能耗,同时,将预精馏塔产生的盐碱类物质浓缩分离到加压塔底采出,使常压塔底出料为高纯度软水,将其循环复用为预塔萃取水,实现了系统内的工艺软水集成,不但降低了新鲜工艺软水的消耗,而且还减少了系统的废水排放量.运用计算机稳态模拟方法对传统的两塔工艺、现有的三塔双效精馏工艺和本文提出的新工艺进行了对比研究,研究结果表明：新工艺可以比两塔工艺节能49.2%,节水38.0%;比现有三塔工艺节能24.7%,节水38.0%.     

异戊橡胶生产中溶剂回收和单体精制工艺节能优化研究

利用Aspen plus(version:11.1)软件对稀土异戊橡胶溶剂回收和单体精制流程进行模拟,在确保从侧线采出的精制己烷和精制异戊二烯产品满足聚合要求的前提下,将传统的四塔流程优化为双塔侧线采出流程。通过分析比较2个侧线采出精馏塔之间的冷、热量平衡关系,将2个精馏塔进行了热集成,并对热集成后异戊二烯精制塔塔釜再沸器的控制方案进行初步探讨。通过软件模拟,在相同操作条件下,双塔侧线热集成精馏流程能够节省约46.98%的热量和45.90%的冷量消耗。     

甲基氯硅烷精馏流程的模拟与优化

采用Aspen plus软件对工业七塔精馏过程进行全流程建模与模拟,优化工艺参数,研究了新的精馏节能工艺。对一甲塔等7个精馏塔采用双因素水平的灵敏度分析,考察了塔釜采出率、回流比、进料位置和塔顶压力对产品浓度和热负荷的影响,确定一甲塔最优的工艺参数：塔釜摩尔采出率为0.92,摩尔回流比为130,塔顶压力为0.18 MPa,总理论板数为400,在210块理论板位置进料。在此基础上,针对高能耗的脱高塔/脱低塔,模拟研究了双效精馏新工艺,新工艺可节省39.70%的年总成本;针对一甲塔模拟研究了热泵精馏新工艺,新工艺可降低41.42%的年总成本。     

基于EGO算法的常压塔能量优化

常减压装置能量消耗约占炼厂总用能的25%～30%,在保证产品产量与质量的条件下,优化常减压蒸馏塔操作条件,可有效降低能耗.为了避免随机优化算法对常压塔机理模型进行操作优化时,存在计算资源消耗大、效率低的问题,文中采用基于代理模型的全局优化方法优化常压塔的余热回收过程,在优化迭代过程中用Kriging代理模型来代替耗时的精确模型评估.实验表明模型调用次数相较于粒子群优化算法减少了90%,优化时间减少了85%,实现了能量优化并且保证了侧线产品之间的分离精度.     

乙醇胺精馏过程五塔流程模拟分析

用ASPEN11.1化工流程模拟软件,对乙醇胺分离工艺中的蒸氨塔、脱水塔、一乙醇胺塔、二乙醇胺塔、三乙醇胺塔进行了模拟计算,采用非随机双液体(NRTL)热力学计算模型,并进行了热力学参数修正,通过调整各塔的理论板数、进料位置和回流比,以及后二塔的塔顶回路质量流量等操作参数,得出各塔的最佳工艺条件。在最佳工艺条件下,分析了此分离过程的能耗问题。模拟结果表明:五塔流程分离得到的乙醇胺均能达到产品质量要求,工艺流程合理、可靠,对工程设计和工艺操作具有较强的指导作用。     

200kt/a甲醇精馏系统的优化设计

以粗甲醇为原料,采用四塔精馏工艺,基于Aspen Plus工艺模拟软件,对甲醇精馏系统进行模拟优化设计及塔器水力学计算;运用EDR换热器设计软件,对本装置的换热器进行选型计算。模拟计算结果表明,精甲醇产品纯度为99.99%(wt)、甲醇收率为99.67%、蒸汽单耗为1.09t、循环冷却水单耗为83.24t,产品质量符合GB 338-2011国标优等品及美国联邦AA级标准质量要求,装置能耗水平达到国内先进水平。     

多效反应精馏过程生产氯化苄的能量集成

以甲苯氯化生产氯化苄为研究对象,对带侧反应器的反应精馏与精制塔串联工艺(CSRRT)进行研究及能量分析,建立了分段反应精馏与精制塔串联生产氯化苄的新工艺。利用精制塔塔顶蒸汽潜热加热第一段反应精馏塔的塔釜,建立了多效反应精馏(MERD);进一步利用侧反应器的甲苯氯化反应热加热第一段反应精馏塔的塔板物料,建立了多效透热反应精馏(MEDRD)。在相同生产要求下,对3种工艺的能耗进行比较。结果表明,MERD和MEDRD过程实现了能量的优化利用,与CSRRT过程相比,塔釜总再沸器热负荷分别降低16.8%和33.7%。     

A review on process intensification in internally heat-integrated distillation columns

Internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC) is the most radical approach of a heat pump design, making efficient use of internal heat-integration: the rectifying section of a distillation column operating at a higher pressure becomes the heat source, while the stripping part of the column acts as a heat sink. Remarkably, a HIDIC can bring up to 70% energy savings compared to conventional distillation columns. This is highly appealing regarding the fact that distillation is one of the most energy intensive operations in the chemical process industry accounting for over 40% of the energy usage. This review paper describes the latest developments concerning this promising but difficult to implement process intensification technology, covering all the major aspects related to the working principle, thermodynamic analysis, potential energy savings, various design configurations and construction options (ranging from inter-coupled or concentric columns, shell and tube and plate–fin heat exchanger columns to SuperHIDiC), design optimization, process control and operation issues, as well as pilot-scale and potential industrial applications. Further advancement, i.e., development of HIDiC technology for multi-component mixture separations is an extremely challenging research topic, especially when HIDiC becomes associated with other technologies such as dividing-wall column (DWC) or reactive distillation (RD).     

Optimal design of cryogenic distillation columns with side heat pumps for the propylene/propane separation

Propylene is one of the most important products in the petrochemical industry, which is used as raw material for a wide variety of products. The propylene/propane separation is a very energy-intensive process because their boiling points are quite similar. In addition, at atmospheric conditions, their boiling points are −47.6 °C and −42.1 °C, respectively. To separate this mixture conventional columns which operate at high pressure and cryogenic distillation columns which operate at low pressure have been used, however, this approaches are still energy-intensive. This work presents energy-efficient and intensified distillation columns which are adiabatic such as the vapor recompression column (VRC) or diabatic such as columns with heat-integrated stages. A design and optimization procedure, which minimizes the energy consumption in the propylene/propane separation is presented. Conceptual design, superstructure representation, rigorous simulations and mathematical programming techniques are effectively combined to assess all the candidate distillation structures, refrigeration cycles, and heat integration possibilities simultaneously. Results showed that VRC and diabatic distillation columns with heat-integrated stages can reduce the energy consumption between 58 and 75% when compared with conventional distillation at high pressure. Furthermore, the proposed synthesis procedure derived simplified optimal distillation structures with few heat-integrated stages and still attained important energy savings.     

合成气一步法制备二甲醚的工艺流程模拟与优化

二甲醚作为燃料的替代品,其生产开发在化学工程领域受到了广泛关注。本文对合成气一步法制备二甲醚过程进行了模拟分析,提出了用水作为吸收剂并采用多效精馏的二甲醚生产新工艺。利用Aspen Plus化工模拟软件对吸收塔进行模拟比较了甲醇和水作为吸收剂的能耗,模拟结果表明,用水吸收较甲醇吸收总热负荷降低23.54％,总冷负荷降低35.97％,更为节能。从节能降耗角度出发,根据不同的分离任务,提出了采用两塔分离甲醇-水及三塔分离甲醇-水的两项工艺改进措施。结果表明,采用两塔分离甲醇-水工艺比原工艺二甲醚产量增加了11.50%,能量消耗无明显变化。进一步采用三塔精馏工艺总冷负荷比原工艺减少45.07％,总热负荷减少19.27%,且二甲醚产量增加11.15％,节能效果显著。     

减压多效膜蒸馏过程试验研究

针对膜蒸馏(MD)过程能耗高、蒸汽冷凝耗水量大的问题,首次设计了减压多效膜蒸馏过程(MEMD)。其特征是在减压膜蒸馏(VMD)过程中设立特殊的多效蒸发区。其中的膜组件同时具有蒸汽的换热降温与原料液的升温蒸发双重作用,从而实现VMD过程蒸发潜热的高效回收利用。试验研究了主蒸发区膜组件面积、多效蒸发区组件管程的进液流量、多效蒸发区组件长度等参数对MEMD过程性能的影响。当主蒸发区膜组件面积为0.10 m2、多效蒸发区组件长度为868 mm、管程进液体积流量为4.0 L/h时,系统的当量膜通量最大(34.8 kg/(m2.h)),额外冷却水用量仅为传统VMD过程的30.8%(每L产水消耗17.2 L冷却水);增加多效蒸发区的组件长度,能显著提高蒸汽相变热回收率,但不能提高系统的当量膜通量。     

A novel multistage vapor recompression reactive distillation system with intermediate reboilers

Most of the published studies have focused on the thermal integration of nonreactive distillation columns. The key limitation of reactive distillation (RD) technology is that the necessary conditions (such as pressure and temperature) for the reaction must match those of distillation. Owing to this constraint, the reaction conversion may be adversely affected at the elevated pressure in the reactive section of an internally heat integrated distillation column (HIDiC). This fact forces us to adopt an external heat integration approach for an industrial heterogeneously catalyzed ethyl tert‐butyl ether (ETBE) RD column. The direct vapor recompression column (VRC) is an external heat integration scheme that is successfully used as an energy efficient scheme for separating a close‐boiling mixture. Interestingly, there exists a large temperature difference between the two ends of the representative ETBE column, and it makes the external heat integration more challenging. Aiming to improve the thermal efficiency of the ETBE column under the VRC framework, various heat pump arrangements with intermediate reboiler(s) (IR(s)) are explored and analyzed with performing a comparative study in terms of energy consumption and economics. To improve further the thermal efficiency, in this contribution, a novel multistage vapor recompression RD column with IRs is introduced addressing a number of practical concerns. An algorithm for the proposed column is formulated showing the sequential steps involved in heat integration. It is inspected that the proposed multistage vapor recompression RD system appears overwhelmingly superior to the classical vapor recompression RD and its conventional stand alone column providing a significant savings in energy as well as cost. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 761–771, 2013     

带多个中间贮罐的新型分批精馏塔的研究

多罐分批精馏塔由多个分批精馏塔依次连接而成，它只在第一个塔的塔釜加热，在最后一个塔的塔顶设冷凝器。采用恒摩尔持液模型对多贮罐的新型分批精馏塔的研究结果表明：多罐分批精馏塔具有可同时获得多个高纯度产品、无过渡馏分、产率高、操作简单及节能的特点。对多罐分批精馏塔和常规分批精馏塔进行出较的结果显示：采用多罐分批精馏塔分离产品可获得的年利润远高于采用常规分批精馏塔。     

苯乙烯装置塔系热集成

精馏作为过程工业中最重要和最常用的分离手段, 是耗能最大的单元操作。精馏塔一般从再沸器输入热量, 从冷凝器取走热量, 利用某些塔高温位的冷凝热加热其他塔的再沸器, 并将单塔节能技术与过程集成相结合, 实现塔系的热集成, 可充分挖掘系统内部的节能潜力, 达到减少公用工程消耗的目的。本文通过对某化工厂的苯乙烯装置精馏塔系的分析, 通过各个塔的温焓图之间的关系, 提出了精馏塔系内部热集成的措施, 包括直接热集成、调压热集成和双效精馏与间接热集成耦合等3种方案。对于后两个热集成方案, 采用Aspen Plus模拟改造后精馏塔的变化并验证了方案的可行性。结果表明, 苯乙烯装置采用该热集成措施能明显节省高品位蒸汽的消耗, 降低能量费用。     

Novel eco-efficient reactive distillation process for dimethyl carbonate production by indirect alcoholysis of urea

Dimethyl carbonate is an eco-friendly essential chemical that can be sustainably produced from CO₂,which is available from carbon capture activities or can even be captured from the air.The rapid increase in dimethyl carbonate demand is driven by the fast growth of polycarbonates,solvent,pharmaceutical,and lithium-ion battery industries.Dimethyl carbonate can be produced from CO₂through various chemical pathways,but the most convenient route reported is the indirect alcoholysis of urea.Previous research used techniques such as heat integration and reactive distillation to reduce the energy use and costs,but the use of an excess of methanol in the trans-esterification step led to an energy intensive extractive distillation required to break the dimethyl carbonate-methanol azeotrope.This work shows that the production of dimethyl carbonate by indirect alcoholysis of urea can be improved by using an excess of propylene carbonate(instead of an excess of methanol),a neat feat that we showed it requires only 2.64 kW·h·kg^-1 dimethyl carbonate in a reaction-separation-recycle process,and a reactive distillation column that effectively replaces two conventional distillation columns and the reactor for dimethyl carbonate synthesis.Therefore,less equipment is required,the methanol-dimethyl carbonate azeotrope does not need to be recycled,and the overall savings are higher.Moreover,we propose the use of a reactive distillation column in a heat integrated process to obtain high purity dimethyl carbonate(>99.8 wt-%).The energy requirement is reduced by heat integration to just 1.25 kW·h·kg^-1 dimethyl carbonate,which is about 52%lower than the reaction-separation-recycle process.To benefit from the energy savings,the dynamics and control of the process are provided for
10%changes in the nominal rate of 32 ktpy dimethyl carbonate,and for uncertainties in reaction kinetics.     

醋酸甲酯和甲醇热集成变压精馏分离工艺模拟与优化

基于对醋酸甲酯与甲醇二元共沸特性的分析,提出热集成变压精馏分离醋酸甲酯和甲醇的工艺. 利用Aspen Plus软件对该分离过程进行模拟,以NRTL活度系数方程为物性计算方法,其二元相互作用参数由气液相平衡数据回归,分析了加压塔和常压塔的理论板数、进料位置及回流比对分离效果的影响,并进行了能耗比较. 结果表明,该工艺能很好地分离醋酸甲酯和甲醇,较佳的工艺条件为：加压塔操作压力909 kPa,理论板数32,第21块板进料,回流比4.2,塔釜醋酸甲酯纯度99.8%;常压塔操作压力101 kPa,理论板数30,第20块板进料,回流比4.6,塔釜甲醇纯度99.0%. 与常规变压精馏相比,热集成变压精馏可节能达45.8%;与以水为萃取剂的萃取精馏分离工艺相比,热集成变压精馏分离工艺更适合醋酸甲酯与甲醇体系的分离.