超声振动对7055铝合金组织及力学性能的影响

为改善7055铝合金的凝固组织,在合金凝固过程中施加超声振动.采用光学显微镜观察和室温压缩试验等手段研究了超声振动对7055铝合金凝固组织及力学性能的影响,并对超声细化机理进行了探讨.结果表明:未施加超声时,7055合金中形成粗大枝晶组织;施加超声振动后,可获得细小均匀的非枝晶组织.由于超声振动的空化和声流效应,凝固前对熔体施加超声,产生大量微泡核心,这些微泡核心保留下来而成为形核核心,使凝固组织得到细化;凝固过程中导入超声,枝晶出现断裂,导致了细小均匀组织的形成.此外,超声振动的7055合金铸锭显示了较好的室温压缩性能,压缩屈服强度、抗压强度及其对应的工程应变分别为165、729.2 MPa和34.8%.     

超声施振方式对纯铝凝固组织细化规律的研究

分别采取静态连续施振和动态间歇施振两种方式对工业纯铝熔体进行超声处理,并根据空化效应和声流效应理论详细分析了铸锭凝固组织的细化规律.实验结果表明,两种施振方式对凝固组织均有不同程度的细化.连续施振条件下,不同的超声功率对组织的细化效果有所不同.当选取施振功率为170W时,组织细化作用最强,所得晶粒尺寸最小.间歇施振条件下,当超声功率从大到小加载时,组织细化较为理想.每隔不同温度施以不同时间的超声振动时,若处理时间与温度选取适当则能获得比连续施振时更为细小的组织.     

超声处理功率对Mg-6Zn-0.5Y合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

对Mg-6Zn-0.5Y合金熔体进行功率分别为0,300,600,900 W连续超声处理。通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析手段研究了超声处理功率对其显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,经600 W超声处理的Mg-6Zn-0.5Y合金组织细化效果最好,初生α-Mg相由粗大的树枝晶变为细小的球状等轴晶,准晶I相由粗大的半连续网状分布变成断续的细线状分布。此外,力学性能分析显示,当超声处理功率为600 W时,Mg-6Zn-0.5Y合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均达到最大值,比未处理时分别提高了67%和56%。     

超声处理对伍德合金细化及气孔生成的影响

主要研究了超声处理对伍德合金凝固组织及气孔的作用.结果表明,超声处理可以明显细化伍德合金的凝固组织;同时超声处理具有明显的除气效果,随着超声波功率的增强,晶粒尺寸明显减小,除气效果显著.对伍德合金凝固过程的超声处理,起主要作用的是声空化和声流作用.     

超声辅助激光熔覆IN 625高温合金涂层组织及性能研究

目的 针对激光熔覆制备IN625高温合金涂层时易产生缺陷和元素偏析进而导致合金性能下降的问题,提高增材制造IN 625高温合金的力学性能。方法 在激光熔覆IN 625涂层的过程中施加超声振动辅助,通过物相检测和微观组织观测研究超声功率对涂层物相种类和晶体尺寸的影响;通过分析析出相含量、分布方式及析出形态,研究超声功率对元素偏析的影响;通过对显微硬度、高温耐磨性进行测试,研究超声功率对涂层力学性能的影响。结果 施加超声前的涂层组织主要为方向杂乱的粗大枝晶,施加超声后的涂层物相组成未发生明显变化,但枝晶内亚晶排列紧密且尺寸明显减小;施加超声振动后的涂层析出相尺寸减小、含量下降,其中Laves相含量在施加超声后降幅较大,表明超声振动可以抑制Nb、Mo等元素的偏析;施加超声振动后涂层的显微硬度提高,磨损率明显下降,磨损机制由原来的表面疲劳磨损、黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的复杂磨损转变为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损的简单磨损。结论 施加超声辅助可以有效细化IN 625涂层组织,并抑制Laves相的析出,提高涂层的硬度和耐磨性。     

超声波在金属凝固中的应用与发展

简要介绍了超声波及其基本特性，综述了高能超声对金属凝固过程作用方面的研究和应用状况，提出超声处理是改善金属凝固组织，提高力学性能的有效方法，并对21世纪超声凝固细晶技术的前景进行了展望。     

脉冲电场对FeMnSiCr形状记忆合金凝固组织及形状记忆效应的影响

研究了脉冲电场对FeMnSiCr合金凝固组织和形状记忆效应的影响.发现脉冲电场作用于FeMnSiCr合金凝固过程将使合金凝固组织的晶粒得到细化,分析认为柱状晶的存在使形状记忆效应明显提高.在脉冲电压为250V、频率为3Hz的条件下,贴近极冷区,FeMnSiCr合金的形状记忆效应最好.     

微量镨对Al-5Mg组织及室温和高温力学性能的影响

通过显微组织分析、室温及高温力学性能测试、XRD和SEM分析等方法,研究了稀土Pr对Al_5 Mg合金的显微组织、凝固区间和室/高温力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,Al_5Mg合金中加入稀土Pr使合金凝固区间变窄,细化了合金组织;Pr的加入净化了合金组织,减少了合金组织杂质缺陷,提高了合金性能;Pr的加入对合金有固溶和强化相强化作用,β-Al_(11)Pr_3强化相具有较高的高温稳定性能,提高了合金的高温性能。     

冷却速度对无铅焊料Sn-3.5Ag合金微观组织和显微硬度的影响

在～102K/s、～103K/s和～104K/s的冷速条件下研究了凝固速度对无铅焊料Sn-3.5Ag合金微观组织和显微硬度的影响.结果表明:由于非平衡凝固条件下动力学过冷的影响,导致了该共晶合金实际凝固过程开始于平衡共晶凝固点以下,合金凝固组织中包含初生β-Sn枝晶,且该初生β-Sn枝晶组织随合金凝固速度的提高而发生细化.另外,维氏硬度测试结果表明,无铅焊料Sn-3.5Ag合金在不同冷速条件下的凝固组织与显微硬度的关系符合经典Hall-Petch关系式,即初生β-Sn枝晶细化能显著提高焊料合金的显微硬度.     

铝(镁)合金消失模铸造近净成形技术研究进展

阐述了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造技术的研究现状,着重介绍了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造在金属液充型、振动凝固、压力凝固以及消失模壳型铸造等技术方面的最新研究进展。研究表明,铝(镁)合金在消失模铸造过程中,需重点解决针孔、缩松等缺陷,提高液态合金的充型能力和铸件的力学性能;通过采用振动凝固和压力凝固的手段,可以提高金属液充型能力、细化组织、提高组织致密性,明显提高铸件力学性能。真空低压消失模壳型铸造技术,可以解决普通消失模铸造易于出现的孔洞和夹杂等缺陷以及浇不足和浇注温度高等问题,是一种生产复杂薄壁高质量铝、镁合金精密铸件的新方法。     

Effect of Ultrasonic Output Power on Refining the Crystal Structures of Ingots and Its Experimental Simulation

In this study, a series of tests were conducted by using aluminum-based alloy to determine the formation of grain refining structure based on the ultrasonic vibration (UV). Furthermore, the simulation test and effect of ultrasonic output power were studied using ammonium chloride. Finally, the mechanism of grain refinement was investigated. The results show that: (1) By applying the UV to aluminum-base alloy, the grain refining rate of ingots tended to increase with the increase of the output value of UV. (2) It was confirmed that time from after the pour to the beginning of crystallization as well as cloudiness tended to decrease with increasing the ultrasonic power value of UV. Moreover, it can be seen from each cooling curve that a uniform temperature gradient existed in the melt as the power of UV increased, that made the melt strongly stirred. (3) It was also considered that the grain refining effect of ingots, which was observed from the simulation tests, resulted from nucleation action and stirrin     

镁合金复合细晶强化研究进展

细化镁合金的晶粒可极大改善其综合力学性能,单一的细化方法包括在熔体中施加外力场作用、高压和激冷作用以及大塑性变形,单一细化方法下的材料性能难以满足实际需求,且生产效率低、成本高、质量难以保证.2种及以上细化晶粒方法的结合可以实现镁合金性能的极大提升,通过评述镁合金复合加工方法,包括挤压铸造-固态挤压成形、挤压铸造-正挤压成形、FE-CCAE复合变形工艺、电磁脉冲结合轧制工艺、超声振动-挤压加工等,详细阐述镁合金复合细晶强化工艺的研究进展,为进一步研究和开发更加高效绿色的镁合金晶粒细化复合成形技术提供参考.     

超声外场对SiCp/7085复合材料界面及拉伸性能的影响

为研究超声辅助制备工艺对SiC_p/7085复合材料界面结合及拉伸性能的影响,用机械搅拌、机械搅拌+超声施振、超声施振3种工艺制备体积分数为10%的SiC_p/7085复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)研究各工艺对SiC_p/7085复合材料的界面微观组织和拉伸性能的影响.实验结果表明:机械搅拌工艺促进大颗粒(80μm)与熔体结合,但产生了粗大Al4C3界面产物包裹层,且难改善小颗粒(37μm)与熔体界面结合差的问题;超声施振能促进界面反应,生成尺寸细小、排列规整、紧密的Mg O、Mg Al2O4界面强化相覆盖层,有效改善小颗粒与熔体界面结合;相比于7085铝合金,机械搅拌不能改善SiC_p/7085复合材料拉伸性能,而超声施振的加入能显著提升材料拉伸性能.     

Al对Pb-Mg合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和力学性能测试研究了Al对Pb-Mg合金组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加5%～10%的Al后,合金组织中出现了胞状Mg+Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,对其它组织的生长起到了关键的制约作用,合金的显微组织得到细化,且Al含量越高,合金组织越细;随Al含量的增加,合金的硬度与抗拉强度也提高,Al含量为10%时合金的硬度与抗拉强度分别达到156HB和300MPa.     

Ultrasound devulcanization: comparison of synthetic isoprene and natural rubbers

Sulfur-cured vulcanizates of unfilled synthetic isoprene rubber (IR) were prepared and successfully devulcanized in a continuous co-axial ultrasonic reactor. Die pressure characteristics and ultrasonic power consumptions were measured. Network structures of the virgin vulcanizates, devulcanizates and revulcanizates were characterized by gel fraction and crosslink density according to the classic swelling method. The molecular characteristics of the sol generated by ultrasound treatment were determined by GPC. Kinetics of revulcanization, rheological properties of the devulcanizates and mechanical properties of the revulcanizates were compared with those of virgin uncured IR and their vulcanizates. In addition, a comparison of the cure behavior, devulcanization characteristics, network structures and the mechanical properties was made between IR and the natural rubber (NR) reported earlier. Simulations on the correlation of the normalized gel fraction and the normalized crosslink density show that these two rubbers have almost equivalent probability of main chain scission and crosslink rupture ratio, which is probably determined by the main chain structure of both rubbers consisting of cis-1,4-isoprene.     

Influence of neodymium on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B wrought magnesium alloy

Abstract

The influences of rare earth neodymium on microstructure and mechanical properties of as cast and hot rolled AZ31B wrought magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of both as cast and hot rolled AZ31B alloys decrease due to Nd addition. Nd reacts with Al to form Al₂Nd phase when Nd is added. Bulky and brittle Al₂Nd intermetallic degrades the mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of Nd weakens the grain refining effect of Al on as cast AZ31B alloy, resulting in grain coarsening. Coarse grains also cause the decline of the mechanical properties of as cast AZ31B–Nd alloy. The negative influence of the bulky and brittle intermetallics on mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy can be relieved by large deformation because the intermetallics can be sufficiently broken up during the deformation process.     

The combined effect of melt stirring and ultrasonic agitation on the degassing efficiency of AlSi9Cu3 alloy

The combined effect of high intensity ultrasound and melt stirring on the degassing of AlSi₉Cu₃ using simultaneously the novel MMM (Multi-frequency Multimode Modulated) ultrasonic technology to promote cavitation, and low frequency mechanical vibration to induce melt stirring, was studied. On a first stage single low frequency mechanical vibration experiments were carried out in water in order to visualize and characterize its individual effect on the liquid dynamics. On a second stage ultrasonic vibration combined with different mechanical vibration frequencies, melt temperatures and processing times were tested in liquid AlSi₉Cu₃ alloy and their influence on the degassing efficiency was evaluated and compared with the results of the single MMM ultrasonic degassing technique. Fixed ultrasonic parameters (frequency and electric power) were used, according to the best results obtained in former experimental works developed by the authors. For the experimental conditions used in this research, it was found that melt stirring significantly improves degassing efficiency, and such improvement depends on the metal temperature and the mechanical vibration frequency. The experimental results suggest that combining melt agitation and ultrasonic vibration it is possible to achieve almost the aluminum alloy theoretical density without increasing the processing time.     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6016 aluminium alloy

Ultrasonic treatment was applied during solidification forming of 6016 aluminium alloys. The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 6016 aluminium alloy ingot were studied. Compared with conventional casting, the ingot prepared with ultrasound applied to the molten metal had a fully refined microstructure and greater material homogeneity. Ultrasonic treatment reduced the amount of porosity developed by embedded gas and also resulted in an obvious decrease in solidification defects, like shrinkage. In addition, component segregation was minimised and the mechanical properties were enhanced.     

Influences of 1 wt% La-rich RE addition and deformation processes on the alloy of Mg–6Li–1.5Al

1 wt% La-rich RE was added into the alloy of Mg–6Li–1.5Al. The influence of the RE addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy and the deformation behavior of this alloy were investigated. The strengthening mechanisms of the alloy were also studied. Results show that the addition of RE can refine the grain and improve the strength and elongation of the alloy. Extrusion and rolling can improve the strength to a large extent. The strengthening mechanisms for this alloy are mainly the refining strengthening and dispersion strengthening.