新疆巴楚爆破角砾岩筒矿物学特征及其对岩浆演化过程的约束

本文对新疆巴楚爆破角砾岩筒的矿物学进行了系统的研究.结果表明:爆破角砾岩主要由胶结物和超镁铁质包体构成,胶结物的主要造岩矿物有单斜辉石、橄榄石、角闪石和金云母,它们既有金伯利质岩浆本身结晶出来的矿物斑晶,也有与超镁铁质包体同源的捕掳晶.胶结物中晚期结晶的矿物比早期结晶的矿物更加富镁,矿物环带表现为反环带,指示岩浆在演化过程中发生了一定程度的岩浆混合作用.研究发现爆破角砾岩中超镁铁质包体与周围的层状岩体在矿物学上存在诸多不同,暗示包体可能不是来自于后者.对比发现,巴楚金伯利岩与中国东部华北地台含矿金伯利岩在克拉通固结年龄、岩石圈厚度、岩石出露位置及岩浆来源深度等方面均存在很大不同,这些对巴楚金伯利岩成矿构成了不利因素.     

中国金伯利岩中的单斜辉石

本文对我国金伯利岩中,作为巨晶、粗晶、基质相矿物、与镁铝榴石和钛铁矿的连生体、深源岩石包体矿物及金刚石中包体矿物产出的单斜辉石的粒度、形态、颜色及蚀变壳、矿物种属、化学成分特征、端员组分、红外光谱等进行了研究。并与玄武岩中的巨晶及其深源岩石包体矿物、钾镁煌斑岩和云煌岩中的单斜辉石作了对比。研究了单斜辉石和镁铝榴石共生对。探讨了金伯利岩中单斜辉石的成因,形成的温、压条件及所反映出的金伯利岩体形成的构造环境,指出了该矿物在找寻金刚石矿工作中的指示标志。     

地幔柱活动对克拉通岩石圈地幔的影响：西伯利亚克拉通地幔橄榄岩包体Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

利用单矿物溶液法分析了Obnazhennaya金伯利岩中橄榄岩包体单矿物的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,并且与Udachnaya金伯利岩中橄榄岩包体单矿物的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成进行了对比。结果显示,Obnazhennaya金伯利岩中橄榄岩包体单斜辉石具有亏损的Sr同位素组成和富集的Nd、Hf同位素组成。橄榄岩包体石榴子石的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成表现出原始的特征,没有受到交代作用的影响。通过对比Udachnaya和Obnazhennaya金伯利岩中地幔包体的特征和单斜辉石的二元混合模拟发现,Udachnaya金伯利岩中的地幔包体的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成更偏向于金伯利岩的特征,而与之相反,Obnazhennaya金伯利岩中的地幔包体的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成则位于金伯利岩和地幔柱溢流玄武岩之间,且更加偏向于溢流玄武岩的同位素特征。因此,地幔柱活动对西伯利亚克拉通岩石圈产生了影响,改变了其岩石圈地幔的同位素组成。     

中国东部某些地区碱性玄武岩中包体的温度、压力的计算

一、概述中国东部新生代碱性玄武岩系列的火山岩中广泛分布着超镁铁岩包体。这些包体是我们直接能观察到的该地区上地幔的标本。它对于了解该地区上地幔物质组成和地温分布具有重要的意义。现仅就收集到的包体资料,侧重对其温度压力条件进行估计,尝试着对这些地区上地幔的组成和地温分布进行一些讨论。超镁铁岩包体主要是尖晶石二辉橄榄岩。在浙江和福建等地还分布有石榴石二辉橄榄岩。此外,还有少量的纯橄榄岩、斜方辉石岩、单斜辉石岩、二辉石岩,含角闪石的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩     

新疆巴楚瓦吉尔塔格“金伯利岩”岩石矿物特征及与某些相关地区对比

新疆瓦吉尔塔格“金伯利岩”是一种特殊类型的岩石,与国外已知典型的金伯利岩有所不同。岩石的角砾成分以异源角砾为主,有岩屑,亦有晶屑,岩球构造不发育,岩石中橄榄石卵斑不多见,两个世代斑晶区分不明显,矿物组台除以橄榄石、金云母为主外,尚有相当数量单斜辉石和普通角闪石,但可能是捕晶成因;副矿物镁铝榴石,尤其是含铬高的镁铝榴石缺乏;岩石化学成分投点在金伯利岩区间,但 MgO,K_2O 均偏低,部分样品 K_2O相似文献   

东波超镁铁岩体:西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段一个甚具铬铁矿前景的地幔橄榄岩体

东波超镁铁岩体产在雅鲁藏布江缝合带的西段,与周边白垩纪沉积岩地层和火山岩以断层接触.航磁资料显示该岩体约400km2规模,地表出露连续,地下有一定延深.超镁铁岩体由亏损的地幔橄榄岩组成,主要有高镁的方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩.方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石和斜方辉石属高镁型,分别为Fo=89.5～91.5和Mg#=90～91.5.但二辉橄榄岩中的Al2O3和CaO含量明显高于方辉橄榄岩.方辉橄榄岩中单斜辉石Mg#=92～95,二辉橄榄岩的Mg#=92～93,两者的值也重叠.二辉橄榄岩中的Al2O3和CaO含量要明显高于方辉橄榄岩.这些均为阿尔卑斯型地幔橄榄岩的典型特征.纯橄岩中的橄榄石Fo=92～93.2,其斜方辉石和单斜辉石的Mg#=～93,但Al2O3和CaO的含量比方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的低.三种岩石的成分变化规律,反映了地幔部分熔融程度的差异.二辉橄榄岩铬尖晶石的Cr#值20～30,反映为典型深海橄榄岩特征,指示MOR环境.与其不同的是,方辉橄榄岩的铬尖晶石的Cr#=20～75,指示MOR和SSZ两者兼有环境.岩石的原始地幔标准化的REE和微量元素蛛网图模式支持了上述的认识.东波地幔橄榄岩中的岩石学特征与产有大型铬铁矿床的罗布莎地幔橄榄岩可对比,岩体中已多处发现块状铬铁矿石,其铬铁矿的Cr2O3含量56％～59％,表明东波是寻找铬铁矿大矿和富矿甚具前景的一个超镁铁岩体.     

江西安远路迳金伯利质煌斑岩筒研究——一种新型的幔源碱性超基性岩

路迳岩筒属火山通道相,由金伯利质煌斑岩、角砾岩、角砾凝灰岩组成,富含幔源橄榄岩包体、普通辉石巨晶和岩球。造岩矿物是橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、角闪石和金云母,深源特征指示矿物有镁铝榴石、铬透辉石、铬尖晶石和镁钛铁矿。岩石化学组成超低SiO2,低MgO,高Al2O3,富碱,富挥发组分。轻稀土元素富集,相容元素贫化,不相容元素明显富集。岩浆起源深度约85km。其中：岩体产状,富含包体、巨晶和岩球,岩石结构和构造,矿物组成,岩石化学组成超低SiO2、富碱、富挥发组分等特征与金伯利岩相似;但岩石化学组成高Al2O3,低MgO,K2O低于Na2O,REE和LREE/HREE偏低,部分微量元素的亏损或富集,金云母成分富TiO2,富TFeO,贫MgO,镁铝榴石、铬透辉石、铬尖晶石和镁钛铁矿的Cr2O3含量偏低,岩浆起源深度较浅,均与金伯利岩有重大差异,而更接近煌斑岩类。研究认为,是幔源岩浆岩的一种新类型,岩石名称界定为金伯利质煌斑岩。     

新疆东昆仑达拉库岸镁铁-超镁铁岩的矿物化学及其属性

达拉库岸镁铁-超镁铁岩位于东昆仑造山带南带之喀拉米兰晚古生代沟弧系,由二辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、单辉岩、含长辉石岩和辉长岩组成。单辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩中橄榄石均为贵橄榄石(Fo=84.55~89.08),其MnO含量为0.13%~0.29%,NiO含量为0.09%~0.28%;单斜辉石为透辉石和普通辉石,其MgO含量为15.12%~16.98%,Fe O含量为3.84%~5.34%,CaO含量为21.10%~22.95%;与蛇绿岩套中的同类岩石的橄榄石和单斜辉石成分存在较大差异,与夏日哈木和金川镁铁-超镁铁岩中同类岩石的矿物成分类似,表明达拉库岸岩体不是蛇绿岩套的组成部分,而是陆壳中的侵入体。单斜辉石成分表明其母岩浆为拉斑玄武质岩浆,可能形成于与俯冲有关的大陆边缘裂谷环境。达拉库岸岩体具有形成岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床的条件。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗新生代玄武岩中超镁铁岩包体的特征

内蒙古东部阿巴嘎旗及其以北地区第四纪更新世钠质碱性火山岩中发现的超镁铁岩包体,主要为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩、纯橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、尖晶石单斜辉石岩和单斜辉石巨晶以及辉长岩、花岗闪长岩、石英长石片麻岩等壳源包体。超镁铁岩包体和巨晶的岩相学特征显示它们不是寄主玄武岩岩浆分离结晶堆积体;其主要元素、稀土元素特征与阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩相似,其组成接近于原始地幔岩值;同位素地球化学特征表明它们与寄主岩-玄武岩浆不是同源的;尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体形成的平衡温度和压力范围分别为1056.9℃～1103.1℃,压力为1.50～1.84GPa,形成相当深度为49.5～60.72km。辉石岩包体形成温度为887.1℃～958.6℃,压力为1.25～1.4GPa,形成相当深度为41.25～46.2km。寄主玄武岩形成温度1390℃～1450℃,压力1.75～2.20GPa,形成相当深度为60～70km。可以认为,研究区在新生代发生了软流圈地幔上涌,导致岩石圈减薄以及地壳的拉张,大量岩浆物质沿构造通道溢出地表。其中超镁铁岩包体与寄主玄武岩浆之间没有熔体与残余物这种成因联系,它们是寄主玄武岩浆在上升过程中捕获的岩石圈地幔碎块。     

湘南西山花岗岩质火山岩-侵入杂岩中发现超镁铁岩包体

对湘南西山花岗质火山-侵入杂岩中的超镁铁岩包体产状与矿物组成特征研究中发现：包体与寄主岩石的界限清楚,主要由铁橄榄石和铁辉石组成,还有少量磁铁矿和磷灰石。在花岗质岩石中出现这种特殊类型包体具有重要地质意义。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.     

悬板开孔对排沙漏斗流场特性的影响

排沙漏斗的水沙分离性能取决于其流场特性,为了弄清楚悬板开孔对流场特性的影响,利用粒子图像测速技术和数值模拟方法,分别对悬板溢流段和非溢流段同时均匀布孔、仅在非溢流段布孔和无孔时的排沙漏斗流场特性开展研究。结果表明：①布孔位置不影响涡流性质但影响其强度,均匀布孔时涡流强度最小,不利于水沙离心分离;②无孔和仅在非溢流段布孔时的流场特性有利于泥沙径向输移、沉降和排出,均匀布孔径向速度和二次流流速减小不利于泥沙输移和排出;③仅在悬板非溢流段布孔时悬板表面速度大于其他方案,泥沙不易淤积于悬板。为减少悬板上的泥沙淤积量且同时要保证较高的泥沙截除率时可采用仅在悬板非溢流段布孔的方案优化悬板体型。     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the