基于干净数据的流形正则化非负矩阵分解

现有的非负矩阵分解（NMF）算法往往基于欧氏距离来设计目标函数,对噪声比较敏感。为了增强算法的鲁棒性,提出一种基于干净数据的流形正则化非负矩阵分解（MRNMF/CD）算法。在MRNMF/CD算法中,把低秩约束、流形正则化和NMF技术无缝地融为一体,使算法性能较为优异。首先,通过添加低秩约束,MRNMF/CD可以从噪声数据中恢复干净数据,并获得数据的全局结构;其次,为了利用数据的局部几何结构信息,MRNMF/CD把流形正则化融入目标函数中。此外,还提出了一种求解MRNMF/CD的迭代算法,并从理论上分析了该求解算法的收敛性。在ORL、Yale和COIL20数据集上的实验结果表明,MRNMF/CD算法比现有的k-means、主成分分析（PCA）、NMF和图正则化非负矩阵分解（GNMF）算法具有更好的识别准确性。     

基于超图正则化非负Tucker分解的图像聚类算法

针对非负张量分解应用于图像聚类时忽略了高维数据内部几何结构的问题,在经典的张量非负Tucker分解的基础上,添加超图正则项以尽可能多地保留原始数据的内在几何结构信息,提出一种基于超图正则化非负Tucker分解模型HGNTD。通过构造超图刻画数据内部样本间的高阶关系,提高几何结构描述的准确性,针对超图正则化非负张量分解模型,基于交替非负最小二乘法,设计快速有效的超图正则化非负Tucker分解算法求解所给模型,证明算法在非负的条件下是收敛的,最终将算法应用于图像聚类。在Yale和COIL两个常用公开数据集上的实验结果表明,相对于k-means、非负矩阵分解、图正则化非负矩阵分解、非负Tucker分解和图正则化非负Tucker分解等算法,超图正则化非负Tucker分解算法聚类准确度提升了8.6%~11.4%,归一化互信息提升了2.0%~7.5%,具有更好的聚类效果。     

基于Hessian正则化的多视图联合非负矩阵分解算法

非负矩阵在表征多视图数据时没有考虑数据本身的流型结构,不能有效表达数据内部信息。为此,提出一种基于Hessian正则化的非负矩阵分解算法。利用Hessian泛函的L2模,保持样本局部拓扑结构,并扩展成基于Hessian正则化的联合非负矩阵分解算法,以对多视图数据进行变换。实验结果表明,基于Hessian正则化的非负矩阵分解算法和基于Hessian正则化的联合非负矩阵分解算法的聚类精度以及互信息值都有较大提高,2种算法的数据变化性能都优于传统非负矩阵分解算法。     

图正则化稀疏判别非负矩阵分解

非负矩阵分解是一种流行的数据表示方法,利用图正则化约束能有效地揭示数据之间的局部流形结构。为了更好地提取图像特征,给出了一种基于图正则化的稀疏判别非负矩阵分解算法（graph regularization sparse discriminant non-negative matrix factorization,GSDNMF-L_2,1）。利用同类样本之间的稀疏线性表示来构建对应的图及权矩阵;以L_2,1范数进行稀疏性约束;以最大间距准则为优化目标函数,利用数据集的标签信息来保持数据样本之间的流形结构和特征的判别性,并给出了算法的迭代更新规则。在若干图像数据集上的实验表明,GSDNMF-L_2,1在特征提取方面的分类精度优于各对比算法。     

加权小波和流形正则化的NMF融合的人脸识别

为了获取更充分的人脸特征信息以提高识别性能,应用加权小波变换和流形正则化非负矩阵分解的方法实现人脸识别。采用小波变换,提取训练样本人脸图像的加权高频分量和低频分量的特征信息;应用流形正则化非负矩阵分解方法,在保持人脸特征数据原始几何结构和局部特征的基础上获取最终的识别特征;利用最近邻方法进行分类识别。将该算法在ORL人脸库和YALE人脸库上进行测试验证,结果表明,与传统的非负矩阵分解方法相比,其识别率高出5%左右,且计算时间很低,说明该方法耗时短,效率高。     

基于图正则化的半监督非负矩阵分解

提出了一种基于图正则化的半监督非负矩阵分解算法（GSNMF）,克服了非负矩阵分解（NMF）、约束非负矩阵分解（CNMF）和图正则化非负矩阵分解（GNMF）方法忽略样本数据的局部几何结构或标签信息不足的缺陷,且NMF、CNMF和GNMF均为GSNMF的特例。也从理论上证明了GSNMF算法的收敛性。该算法对样本数据进行低维非负分解时,在图框架下既保持数据的几何结构,又利用已知样本的标签信息,在进行半监督学习时,同类样本能更好地聚集而类间距离尽可能大。在人脸数据库ORL、FERET和手写体数据库USPS上的仿真结果表明,相对于NMF及其一些改进算法,GSNMF均具有更高的聚类精度。     

结构正则化多视图非负矩阵分解

现存非负矩阵分解（non-negative matrix factorization,NMF）研究多考虑单一视图分解数据,忽略了数据信息的全面性。此外,NMF限制其获取数据的内在几何结构。针对以上问题,提出一个结构正则化多视图非负矩阵分解算法（structure regularized multi-view nonnegative matrix factorization,SRMNMF）。首先,通过主成分分析来对数据进行全局结构的判别式学习;其次,利用流形学习来捕获数据的局部结构;然后,通过利用多视图数据的多样性和差异性来学习表征。模型提升了算法聚类的整体性能,更加有效地挖掘数据的结构信息。此外,采用高效的交替迭代算法优化目标函数得到最优的因子矩阵。在六个数据集上与现存的代表性方法比较,所提出的SRMNMF的准确率、NMI和Purity分别最大提高4.4%、6.1%和4.05%。     

应用稀疏约束的非负正则矩阵学习算法

针对非负矩阵分解后的数据稀疏性较低,训练样本偏多导致运算规模持续增大的普遍现象,本文提出基于稀疏约束的非负正则矩阵学习算法,本文算法是在样本几何结构信息条件上执行非负矩阵分解操作,并且与学习算法结合,不仅能够有效保持样本局部结构,还能够充分利用前期分解结果参加迭代运算,从而达到降低运算时间目的. 本文实验表明与其他算法比较来说,本文方法在ORL人脸数据库上最多节省时间14.84 s,在COIL20数据集上为136.1 s;而在分解后数据的稀疏性上,本文方法在ORL人脸数据库上的稀疏度提高0.0691,在COIL20数据集上为0.0587. 实验结果表明了算法有效性.     

利用正则化矩阵分解技术的多视图聚类方法

为了解决具有多种特征属性的多媒体数据（多视图数据）挖掘问题,在非负矩阵分解（NMF）算法的基础上,提出了一种多视图正则化矩阵分解算法（MRMF）,该算法使用了多元非负矩阵分解技术,同时使用[L2,1]范数描述矩阵分解的损失函数,并采用多视图流形正则化对矩阵分解进行正则化约束。与现有的一些数据聚类或多视图聚类算法相比,提出的MRMF算法不易受到原始数据中噪声的影响,而且能够充分考虑到不同视图在聚类中所具有不同权重的问题,能够对多视图数据进行较为准确的聚类。MRMF算法的有效性在一些经典的公开数据集上进行了验证,并取得了较好的聚类精度。     

基于核技巧和超图正则的稀疏非负矩阵分解

针对传统的非负矩阵分解（NMF）应用于聚类时,没有同时考虑到鲁棒性和稀疏性,导致聚类性能较低的问题,提出了基于核技巧和超图正则的稀疏非负矩阵分解算法（KHGNMF）。首先,在继承核技巧的良好性能的基础上,用L_2,1范数改进标准非负矩阵分解中的F范数,并添加超图正则项以尽可能多地保留原始数据间的内在几何结构信息;其次,引入L_2,1/2伪范数和L_1/2正则项作为稀疏约束合并到NMF模型中;最后,提出新算法并将新算法应用于图像聚类。在6个标准的数据集上进行验证,实验结果表明,相对于非线性正交图正则非负矩阵分解方法,KHGNMF使聚类性能（精度和归一化互信息）成功地提升了39%~54%,有效地改善和提高了算法的稀疏性和鲁棒性,聚类效果更好。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。