超声造影对射频消融阻断肝癌血供的评价及应用价值

目的探讨超声造影（CEUS）评价经皮射频消融（RFA）阻断肝癌血供的效果以及指导RFA治疗的应用价值。方法选择2006年1月至2007年6月北京大学肿瘤医院就诊的71例肝癌患者共75个病灶,均为富血供肝癌,均因不宜行动脉栓塞化疗术（TACE）或TACE疗效不佳拟行RFA。所有患者均经超声引导下穿刺活检病理证实。71例患者随机分为经皮消融阻断荷瘤血管（PAA）＋褂1A组与单纯RFA组2组。PAA＋RFA组38例患者共39个病灶,首先行CEuS确认肿瘤荷瘤血管及浸润范围,并在彩色多普勒超声引导下进行PAA;即刻行CEUS评估肿瘤区域灌注及荷瘤血管阻断程度,并指导沿肿瘤外周区域及血供区域行肿瘤整体消融。单纯RFA组33例患者共36个病灶,于常规超声引导下进行消融,按计算方案及定位模式治疗,先消融肿瘤深部或临近其他脏器区域。治疗后1、3、6个月对2组患者行增强CT评价疗效。应用t检验比较2组患者消融病灶个数差异,应用矿检验比较2组患者治疗后1、6个月肿瘤病灶灭活率差异。结果PAA＋RFA组患者PAA后即刻CEUS显示31个病灶（79．5％,31／39）瘤内灌注缺失范围超过70％,其中13个病灶（33．3％,13／39）显示肿瘤整体灌注缺失呈边界清晰规整的“日全食”征;8个病灶（20．5％,8／39）灌注缺失范围达40％～70％。PAA＋RFA组38例患者共39个病灶PAA前彩色多普勒超声检查示42支主荷瘤血管良好显示;PAA后即刻彩色多普勒血流成像显示35支（83．3％,35／42）荷瘤血管被阻断,3支（7．1％,3／42）血管血流信号明显减少。PAA＋RFA组每个肿瘤平均消融（3．18±1．42）个球灶,较单纯RFA组每个肿瘤平均消融（4．32±1．56）个球灶少,且差异有统计学意义（t=-2．524,P=0．015）。治疗后1个月PAA＋RFA组肿瘤病灶灭活率为92．3％（36／39）,高于单纯RFA组的66．7％（24／35）,且差异有统计学意义（x^2=8．264,P=0．001）。结论CEUS证实PAA可成功阻断或减少荷瘤血供,增大射频凝固坏死区,有效降低富血供大肿瘤RFA复发率;重视CEUS指导PAA下RFA治疗,可减少消融病灶数目,有较高的应用价值。     

低杆温微波刀与冷循环射频消融在肝肿瘤治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨低杆温微波刀（cool-needle microwave coagulation treatment，MCT）与冷循环射频消融（cool-tipradiofrequency ablation，RFA）在恶性肝肿瘤治疗中的临床应用价值。方法超声引导下冷循环射频消融治疗原发性肝癌患者20例共22个病灶，而经超声引导下低杆温微波刀治疗原发性肝癌和肝转移癌19例共21个病灶，治疗前后经超声造影、增强CT或／和增强MRI检查明确诊断及评价疗效。结果22个病灶经一次RFA治疗后完全消融16个，5例经再次RFA后达完全消融；21个病灶经一次MCT治疗后16个达完全消融，4例经再次MCT治疗后达完全消融。两者一次完全消融率分别为72．7％（RFA）和76．2％（MCT），差异无统计学意义。结论低杆温MCT和冷循环RFA均能有效地原位灭活肝肿瘤，是有效的非手术治疗恶性肝肿瘤的方法之一。     

原发性肝癌不同介入方案治疗后生命质量的评价

目的 观察原发性肝癌(HCC)经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗后生命质量的情况. 方法 采用国内肝癌特异性生命质量量表(QOL-LC V2.0),对88 g,l经RFA治疗,72例经动脉插管栓塞化疗(TACE组)以及49例TACE+RFA(联合治疗组)治疗HCC患者,分别进行生命质量评定. 结果 RFA组生命质量总分中位数(167.6)高于TACE组(145.7)(P<0.01);RFA组和联合治疗组在症彤副作用领域的得分中位数47.5、45.0,均优于TACE组的37.2(均P<0.01);RFA组躯体功能领域得分高于TACE组趋势(P=0.047);TACE组和联合治疗组Child-Pugh分级提高的比例均高于RFA组(均P<0.01);TACE组并发症发生率、肿瘤复发/新生率明显高于RFA组(均P<0.05). 结论 RFA作为一种肝癌局部微创治疗方法.多数患者在获得较好疗效的同时,可避免严重副作用,减少躯体功能损伤,有较高的整体生命质量.适当地选择TACE与RFA联合治疗与单纯TACE相比,可减少肝功能损伤,有利于提高原发性肝癌患者的生命质量.     

超声引导下射频消融治疗肝癌的临床价值

目的探讨超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗肝癌的疗效。方法35例肝癌49个病灶行超声引导下RFA治疗,对治疗前后病灶的超声影像、超声造影、螺旋CT检查、肝功能、AFP变化以及机体免疫功能的影响等进行综合研究以评价疗效。结果RFA后5min,超声造影,肿块中83.7%(41/49)各个时相无增强,即回声缺失;1周后彩超示肿块中87.8%(43/49)血流信号明显减少或消失;1个月后螺旋CT扫描肿块中81.6%(40/49)大小无明显变化,但肿块内无强化。肝功能有不同程度改善,甲胎蛋白下降,CD4 、CD4 /CD8 明显升高,sIL-2R明显降低。结论超声引导下射频消融治疗肝癌是有效的微创治疗手段,其为操作简便、损伤小、安全性高的有效方法。     

Percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency ablation in the therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Owing to surveillance programs for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis, more tumors are being detected at an early, asymptomatic stage. Percutaneous ablation is considered the best treatment option for patients with Child-Pugh class A or B cirrhosis and a single, nodular-type HCC smaller than 5 cm or as many as three HCC lesions, each smaller than 3 cm, when surgical resection or liver transplantation is not suitable. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as the most powerful method for percutaneous treatment of early-stage HCC. Recent studies have shown that RFA can achieve more effective local tumor control than ethanol injection and with fewer treatment sessions. In a randomized trial, local recurrence-free survival rates were significantly higher in patients who received RFA than in those treated by ethanol injection, and treatment allocation was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. Due to advances in radiofrequency technology, RFA also has been used to treat patients with more advanced tumors. Preliminary reports have shown that RFA performed after balloon catheter occlusion of the hepatic artery, transarterial embolization, or chemoembolization results in increased volumes of coagulation necrosis, thus enabling successful destruction of large HCC lesions. This report reviews the current status of percutaneous, image-guided RFA in the therapeutic management of HCC.     

Coronal reformatted CT images contribute to the precise evaluation of the radiofrequency ablative margin for hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of coronal reformatted images obtained from 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography to assess the ablative margin (AM) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with radio frequency ablation (RFA).

Methods

Ninety-five HCC nodules were analyzed in 66 HCC patients treated with RFA. Two radiologists and one hepatologist independently reviewed axial CT images with or without coronal reformatted images in HCC treated with RFA. Nodules were determined as AM-sufficient (≥5 mm) or AM-insufficient (<5 mm). The level of interobserver agreement was measured using the weighted kappa test. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (NPVs) of an insufficient AM (<5 mm) to predict local recurrence were evaluated.

Results

The numbers of AM-sufficient nodules judged by readers 1–3 based on axial images and both axial and coronal images were 56, 49, and 58, and 47, 33, and 48, respectively. Excellent agreement and good to excellent agreement were obtained among the three readers on axial image readings and both axial and coronal image readings, respectively. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and positive and NPVs of an insufficient AM on axial images and both axial and coronal images to predict local recurrence were 64%, 60%, 17%, and 93%, and 95%, 50%, 20%, and 97%, respectively.

Conclusions

Coronal reformatted CT images should be utilized to evaluate the AM in HCC treated with RFA in order to decrease the risk of local recurrence following treatment.     

Clinical application of a combination therapy of lentinan, multi-electrode RFA and TACE in HCC

INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer-related causes of death worldwide and there is a clear need for further treatment options. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a combination of lentinan (a fungal extract), transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in HCC patients. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with HCC confirmed by pathology and iconographical checks were used in this study. A total of 136 tumours with a mean diameter of 6.5 cm were detected (standard deviation [SD]+/-0.7). Subjects were divided into four groups, receiving either TACE only, RFA only, RFA and TACE, or the combination group - receiving lentinan, RFA and TACE. RESULTS: The tumour necrosis was significantly higher in the combination group (88.6%), compared to the TACE group (37.5%), the RFA group (47.8%) and the TACE/RFA group (60.3%; P<0.05). The tumour recurrence rate was significantly lower in the combination group (17.8%), compared to the TACE group (45.8%), the RFA group (34.7%) and the TACE/RFA group (29.0%; P<0.05). Finally, mean survival duration was significantly higher in the combination group (28.2 months; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Combination therapy involving lentinan, RFA and TACE was beneficial in terms of increasing mean survival duration, tumour necrosis and reducing the recurrence rate. Lentinan may therefore be of benefit to HCC patients.     

超声造影对肝转移癌射频消融的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影(CEUS)在射频消融(RFA)治疗肝转移癌中的应用价值.方法 141例经临床及病理确诊并拟行RFA的肝转移癌患者,其中102例行CEUS检查,86例被确定符合RFA适应证(A组)为研究对象;同期RFA前未行CEUS检查的39例定为对照组(B组).根据造影灌注特征及病灶数目、大小、形态、浸润范围、位置、与周围结构关系等确定RFA适应证并制定方案进行治疗;B组根据常规超声及CT或MR诊断结果治疗.结果 102例CEUS后计16例确定为非RFA适应证,其中3例10个灶经6～10个疗程化疗后显示病灶内或周边无强化征象,考虑无活性;13例造影后显示病灶浸润范围大于8 cm或多于7个灶或紧邻膈顶、第二肝门等部位并分界不清等.A组中36例(41.9%)病灶增多1～3个(计58灶),大小约8～15 mm,其中79.4%(46/58个灶)仅在实质期显示,共计86例209个灶行RFA治疗;造影后49.7%(75/151灶)显示较原病灶范围增大,其中69.3%(52/75灶)在动脉期增强范围增大,30.7%(23/75灶)在廓清时弱回声范围增大,增大范围均被消融治疗.经1～3个月增强CT随访,肿瘤灭活率A组为94.7%(198/209),B组为87.6%(99/113);2～17个月局部复发A组为7.1%(15/209),B组为14.1%(16/113);A组37.2%(32/86例)出现新生转移灶,B组为43.5%(17/39例);两组灭活率及复发率差异均有统计学意义.结论 超声造影可为射频治疗肝转移癌适应证的选择和治疗范围的确定提供参考依据,从而有效提高疗效并降低复发率,是RFA治疗肝转移癌重要的辅助方法.     

氩氦刀联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝癌疗效的MRI评价

目的探讨氩氦刀联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的MRI诊断价值。方法对49例肝癌患者行氩氦刀联合TACE治疗共56个病灶的MRI图像进行回顾性分析,评价其疗效,探讨肿瘤残留的MRI特点。结果 56个病灶先TACE后氩氦刀治疗病灶24个,肿瘤完全坏死21个(87.5%),先氩氦刀后TACE治疗病灶32个,肿瘤完全坏死11个(34.3%);5cm以下病灶完全坏死率为78.8%(26/33),5cm以上病灶完全坏死率为26.1%(6/23);全部病灶完全坏死率为57.1%(32/56)。肿瘤消融完全的MRI表现为消融范围覆盖全部肿瘤、肿瘤区无强化;T2WI肿瘤边缘高信号,增强扫描肿瘤不规则强化是肿瘤残留的可靠征象。结论 MRI评价氩氦刀联合TACE治疗肝癌的疗效准确、及时,特异性高,T2WI及增强扫描仍是评价疗效的关键。     

Intraoperative ultrasound patterns predict recurrences after surgical treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma

IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a high incidence of postoperative recurrence, despite high rates of complete necrosis with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and curative hepatic resections (HR). The aim of this study was to identify intraoperative ultrasound patterns observed during HR or RFA that predicting intrahepatic HCC recurrence.Materials and methodsFrom January 1997 through August 2008, we treated 377 patients with HCC (158 with HR and 219 with surgical RFA). All patients underwent intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) examination. Primary HCCs was classified according to diameter, HCC pattern (nodular or infiltrative), echogenicity (hyper- or hypo-), echotexture (homogeneous or inhomogeneous), capsular invasion, mosaic pattern, nodule-in-nodule appearance, and infiltration of portal vessels. Number of HCC nodules was also considered. Comparisons between the groups of possible factors for intrahepatic recurrence of treated tumors were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.ResultsPatients were followed for 9–127 months (median: 18.6 months), and intrahepatic recurrence was observed in 198 (52.5%). In 138 patients (36.5%), recurrences were located in different segments with respect to the primary tumor. In 60 HCC tumors (16%), local recurrences were found in the same segment as the primary tumor. At univariate analysis, primary HCC echogenicity and mosaic pattern were the only factors not significant associated with intrahepatic recurrences.ConclusionIOUS is an accurate staging tool for use during “surgical” resection or RFA. This study shows that IOUS patterns can also be used to estimate the risk of post-treatment HCC recurrence. In patients at high risk for this outcome, closer follow-up and use of adjuvant therapies could be useful.     

冷循环射频消融治疗多灶性转移性肝癌的疗效评价

目的评价冷循环射频消融治疗多个病灶的转移性肝癌的效果.方法对20例病人的42个转移性肝癌灶进行了58次冷循环射频消融治疗.射频采用单极电极输出,单探头或集束探头(2～4个)组合,每个病灶治疗1～3次.结果治疗后肿瘤有不同程度缩小,完全坏死30个(71.4%),大部坏死12个(28.6%),无严重并发症.结论冷循环射频消融技术简单、安全、有效,可作为不能手术切除的多灶性转移性肝癌的微创治疗方法.     

Ablation of large HCCs using a new saline-enhanced expandable radiofrequency device

PurposeEvaluation of a new device designed to achieve large volumes of necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules by application of radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Materials and Methods29 consecutive patients with 31 HCC nodules ≥3 cm in diameter (range 3–7.5 cm; mean diameter 5.5 cm) underwent ultrasound (US) guided percutaneous RFA using an expandable electrode with 7 active arrays and saline injection designed to create tissue ablation in areas of up to 7 cm (Starburst XLi-enhanced RFA device). Treatment was performed in general anesthesia (6 patients) or deep sedation (23 patients). Treatment efficacy was assessed by three-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and bimonthly US follow-up.ResultsOne to three electrode insertions (mean number 1.6) were performed in each patient. CT showed complete necrosis in 23/31 HCC nodules (74%) in 22 patients. Follow-up of these 22 patients ranged from 2 to 15 months (mean time 8.3 months). In 6/22 patients (28%) intrahepatic recurrence occurred within 5–10 months (mean time 8.3 months). Major complications were post-ablation syndrome in 7/29 (24%), peritoneal effusion in 4/29 (14%), pleural effusion in 2/29 (7%) and transient obstructive jaundice in 1/29 (3.4%) patients. One patient died 6 months after treatment because of tumor progression.ConclusionsIn the treatment of large HCC nodules, Starburst XLi-enhanced is an effective and safe device.     

射频消融治疗肝癌晚期复发的危险因素、模式和生存分析

目的 本研究旨在确定肝细胞肝癌(HCC)射频消融术(RFA)术后晚期复发的危险因素、模式和生存率,并建立诺谟图预测无复发生存率(RFS).方法 这项回顾性研究纳入了符合米兰标准的HCC患者398例,在2011年1月～2016年12月行射频消融治疗.采用单因素和多因素分析对临床的变量进行分析.结果 中位随访时间58.7个...     

超声造影评价兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融疗效的研究

目的与组织病理对照，探讨超声造影（contrast enhanced uhrasonography，CEUS）在肝肿瘤射频消融治疗（radiofrequency ablation，RFA）疗效判断中的可靠性。 方法建立8只兔肝VX3肿瘤模型，并进行RFA，有选择地控制消融范围，确保有存活肿瘤组织。在ERFA后4d，CEUS和组织病理检查，比较CEUS获得的消融灶最大径与病理标本的最大径，CEUS切面与病理切片层面基本一致的情况下，分析CEUS与组织病理的相关性。 结果CEUS发现7个消融灶内有残存肿瘤组织，4个消融灶周边出现明显的良性增强带，与组织病理检查对应一致。CEUS获得的消融灶最大径与病理标本的最大径无统计学差异，CEUS和组织病理获得的肝肿瘤坏死成分占病灶总面积的百分比具有良好的相关性（r=0．986）。 结论CEUS在RFA后早期能较准确地鉴别RFA引起的凝固样坏死与残存的肿瘤组织，辨别消融灶周边的良性增强，是评价RFA疗效的有效方法，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography after radiofrequency ablation for renal cell carcinoma: is it sufficient for assessment of therapeutic response?

Purpose

To assess the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonovue in the evaluation of therapeutic response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials and methods

In a recent 3?years, 63 patients (mean age, 60?years; range 26?C81?years) with 64 RCCs were treated by RFA. The lesions had a diameter between 1.8 and 9.8?cm (average diameter, 3.1?cm). The indications for RFA treatment included chronic renal insufficiency (n?=?10), presence of solitary kidney (n?=3), bilateral renal carcinoma (BRCC) (n?=2), advanced age (n?=12), significant medical comorbidity (n?=29) or refusal of conventional therapy (n?=7). Tumors were treated by laparoscopy-assisted (n?=41), open surgical (n?=18) or percutaneous US guidance (n?=4). Follow-up CEUS and contrast-enhanced CT were performed 1?month after treatment to assess the necrotic area. Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor.

Results

On the 1-month CEUS and CT imaging after RFA, 62 of 64 tumors (96.9%) were successfully ablated with one session, and residual tumors were found in two RCCs. One of the two tumors was subjected to additional RFA treatment. We could not obtain a complete ablation in the other tumor of a patient with solitary kidney. The diagnostic concordance between the CEUS and 1-month follow-up CT was 100%. Sixty-one patients survived in the follow-up phase which ranged from 2 to 34?months. One patient with solitary kidney died of systemic disease progression and one patient was lost to follow-up. Of the 61 tumors without residual on both CT and CEUS after RFA, four had suspicious findings of recurrence on follow-up CEUS, and two of them were confirmed by subsequent CT examination. With CT as the reference imaging procedure in the assessment of renal tumor ablation, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CEUS for detecting recurrence during follow-up were 100%, 96.6%, 50%, and 100%.

Conclusion

Despite its limitation of false-positive value, CEUS is potentially effective in assessing the therapeutic response to RFA of RCC.     

Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma extended into the portal vein: Preliminary results

IntroductionWe report our preliminary results of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and neoplastic portal thrombus (NPT) in cirrhotic patients.MethodsTen patients (7 males and 3 females; mean age 68 yrs) with 10 HCC nodules (37–49 mm) extended into the main portal vein (MPV) underwent RF ablation. Diagnosis of NPT was achieved by fine-needle biopsy. RF ablation was performed firstly on the NPT and then on the HCC. RF ablation was considered successful when complete necrosis of the HCC and complete recanalization of the MPV were achieved. HCC necrosis was evaluated using contrast-enhanced CT. Recanalization of the portal vessels (PV) was analyzed using Color Doppler (CD). RF ablation was performed under ultrasonographic (US) guidance using a perfused electrode needle.ResultsComplete necrosis of the HCC with complete recanalization of the PV was observed in 7 patients (success rate: 70%). In the remaining 3, necrosis of the HCC ranged from 70% to 95%, and recanalization of the PV was not complete. No major complications occurred. In 2 cases, mild ascites and increased aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) values were observed. The follow-up ranged from 4 to 24 months; 1 and 2-year survival rates were 77% and 77%, respectively. At the last follow-up, the 7 successful patients were alive and the portal system was still patent. The 3 unsuccessful patients died within 5 months due to progressive disease.ConclusionRF ablation can destroy HCC and NPT achieving a high rate of efficacy and low rate of complications. However, to confirm these results a control group and a longer follow-up are required.     

CT/MR图像融合评价肝癌消融的安全边界

目的 探讨CT/MR图像融合评价肝癌消融安全边界(AM)的可行性.方法 选取消融术后1个月增强CT/MR提示肿瘤消融完全的肝癌患者39例共44个病灶,利用图像融合系统,在术前CT/MR图像上勾勒肿瘤及AM的范围,与术后CT/MR图像进行对位融合,根据消融灶覆盖肿瘤和AM情况,分为达到AM组和未达AM组.随访术后局部肿瘤进展(LTP)发生情况,比较两组LTP发生率的差异.结果 对43个病灶完成图像融合,成功率97.73％(43/44),图像融合时间4～11 min,平均(7.0士2.0)min;融合图像评估AM用时5～10 min,平均(7.1±1.3)min.43个病灶中,24个消融后达到AM,随访未出现LTP;19个未达AM,随访中4例出现LTP;达到AM组术后LTP发生率明显低于未达到AM组(P=0.031).结论 CT/MR图像融合能较准确地评价肝癌AM,消融术后未达AM者易发生LTP.     

Radiofrequency ablation with or without transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To determine whether combined transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and radiofrequency ablation(RFA) improve overall and recurrence-free survival(RFS) compared with RFA alone. METHODS: We reviewed randomized clinical trials(RCTs) comparing overall survival rate as well as recurrence-free rate for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) between TACERFA therapy and RFA alone published before April 2015 by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies were identified by searching Pub Med and EMBASE up to April 2015. Additional studies were retrieved via China Medical Collections, Google Scholar or a hand review of the reference lists of the retrieved articles. The summarized relative risks(RRs) with their 95%CIs were estimated using random-effects model. I2 statistic was calculated to measure the heterogeneity of RRs across studies and Cochran's Q test was used to test the statistical significance accordingly. Publication bias was assessed primarily based on visual assessment using a funnel plot, and secondly by using Egger's regression asymmetry test or Begg's rank correlation test as appropriate. Meta-regression was implemented to examine potential effect modifiers. RESULTS: Nine single-center RCTs conducted in China and Japan were included, with a total of 618 patients with HCC; 321 of whom(51.9%) received TACE/RFA therapy and 297 received RFA alone. The pooled RRs with corresponding CIs comparing combined TACE/RFA to RFA alone were 1.12(1.004-1.26) and 1.20(1.02-1.41) for 1-year and 3-year survival rates, respectively. Similar positive associations were found for 1-year(1.19; 1.05-1.35) and 3-year(1.44; 1.00-2.07) RFS. Thebeneficial effect was more evident in patients with medium-sized(3-5 cm) tumors and among the Chinese population. CONCLUSION: Combined TACE/RFA has a beneficial effect on survival and recurrence rates compared with RFA alone, especially for medium-sized HCC and among Chinese patients.     

Evaluation of posttreatment response of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of ultrasonography with second-generation ultrasound contrast agent and multidetector CT

We evaluated the ability of one-month follow-up contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with second-generation contrast agent in monitoring radio frequency ablation (RFA) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One-hundred forty-eight HCCs were studied using CEUS: 110 nodules were treated with RFA [41/110 RFA were performed using a pretreatment and an immediate postablation evaluation using CEUS (group 1); 69/110 using only US guidance (group 2)] and 38 nodules treated with TACE. For statistical analysis, McNemar test was used. Overall complete response was observed in 107/148 nodules (92/110 treated with RFA and 15/38 with TACE). A better rate of complete response was found in group 1 compared to group 2 (92.7% vs. 78.3%). In RFA treatment, CEUS showed a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 100% (diagnostic accuracy of 97%) using MDCT as reference standard with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). CEUS detected all cases of incomplete response in HCC treated with TACE using angiography as reference standard (diagnostic accuracy 100%). We recommend assessing residual intratumoral flow on CEUS during RFA procedure to determine the necessity of immediate additional treatment. In case of positive CEUS results, HCC treated with TACE should be considered still viable.     

全球肿瘤介入治疗的研究现状

目的 循证评价全球肿瘤介入治疗的发展趋势、优势病种及其临床效果,为介入技术的规范准入提供参考依据.方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、CBM、CNKI和VIP等数据库,全面收集肿瘤介入治疗的临床或基础研究,检索时限均为建库至2012年9月.由两位研究者按照纳人与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料,再用SPSS 13.0和Excel 2003软件进行描述性分析.结果 共纳入4 544个研究,其中临床研究4 136个(91.0％),基础研究408个(9.0％).4 136个临床研究中包括155个系统评价/Meta分析(SR/Meta分析),338个随机对照试验(RCT),1191个临床对照试验(CCT),2 451个病例系列/病例报告(CS/CR).临床肿瘤介入技术以肝动脉插管化疗栓塞(TACE,32.6％)和射频消融术(RFA,17.1％)居多;优势病种为肝细胞癌(HCC)[包括99篇(57.6％) SR/Meta分析、198篇(58.6％)RCT,824篇(69.1％) CCT,1 191篇(48.6％) CS/CR],其次是结直肠癌肝转移(CLM).与经皮乙醇注射(PEI)相比,分别有12个和10个SR/Meta分析结果显示RFA治疗HCC的3年生存率更高和复发率更低.与肝切除术(HR)相比,分别有11个和9个SR/Meta分析结果显示RFA的3年和5年生存率更低,但17个SR/Meta分析结果显示两组在1年生存率方面无差异.分别有6个和3个SR/Meta分析结果表明,肝切除术或肝移植术前行TACE并不能提高中晚期HCC患者的生存期,但术后行TACE能提高患者1年和3年生存率.TACE联合其他介入技术(RFA、PEI)亦能显著提高HCC患者的生存时间.对子宫肌瘤治疗,有证据显示:与手术相比,子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)的住院或手术时间更短,但再干预率更高,且目前缺乏长期临床结局的证据.结论 肿瘤介入治疗是一种可供肿瘤患者选择和临床应用前景广泛的治疗手段.但临床使用时需全方位考虑当前可得的最佳临床证据,结合医疗设备及技术水平的实际情况,科学、合理、规范地实施相关介入技术.