SOX化疗方案联合复方斑蝥胶囊治疗老年晚期胃癌的效果

目的探讨SOX化疗方案联合复方斑蝥胶囊在老年晚期胃癌一线治疗的疗效及安全性。方法选择94例经病理确诊的老年晚期胃癌患者,男52例,女42例;中位年龄73岁。观察组接受SOX化疗方案联合复方斑蝥胶囊治疗,对照组只接受SOX化疗方案治疗。评价两组的疗效、不良反应及随访生存情况。结果观察组无进展生存期(PFS)显著长于对照组(P=0.015),两组总生存时间(OS)无显著差异(P=0.07)。观察组血液学毒性、非血液学毒性的发生率均低于对照组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05),患者耐受性好,没有治疗相关死亡。结论 SOX化疗方案联合复方斑蝥胶囊一线治疗老年晚期胃癌,延长PFS,优于单纯化疗,减轻化疗药物不良反应。     

恶性胆管梗阻内支架置入后再梗阻的研究现状

通过内镜置入胆道内支架引流是目前治疗恶性胆管梗阻的首选措施,然而内支架再梗阻却是当前困扰临床的主要问题.近年来,国内外在探讨支架阻塞的机制,通过多种方法防治以延长引流时间等方面进行了广泛而深入的研究,此文就此作一综述.     

经内镜塑料支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻17例

恶性胆道梗阻在临床上十分常见,主要病因包括胆囊癌、胆管癌、肝门部肝癌、胰头癌、壶腹癌及各种转移性肿瘤。恶性胆道梗阻可引起进行性加重的梗阻性黄疸,导致肝脏功能迅速恶化,并易发生严重的感染、胃肠道出血及肾功能衰竭,病死率极高,该院经内镜塑料支架置入（ERBD）治疗恶性胆道梗阻17例,取得了较好的疗效。报告如下。     

肠道支架置入治疗胃十二指肠恶性梗阻

<正>消化道狭窄或梗阻是消化道疾病的常见并发症,多为恶性肿瘤压迫、侵润所致。由于肿瘤性病变引起梗阻时,往往已是病程晚期,外科手术创伤大,失去根治手术的机会。消化道内镜下介入治疗是近20年发展起来的微创治疗新技术,成为消化道狭窄或梗阻治疗的首选方法。我院自2005年1月     

内镜下植入化疗粒子联合支架植入治疗进展期胃癌恶性梗阻16例

目的:探讨内镜下5-FU化疗粒子植入联合支架植入治疗进展期胃癌恶性梗阻的临床价值.方法:选择进展期胃癌病灶伴流出道梗阻的病例16例,在胃镜引导下进行支架植入联合多点植入5-FU化疗粒子45-60粒,平均注射5-FU化疗粒子100-200 mg.结果:16例患者共施行粒子植入治疗26次,支架植入18次临床上缓解不全梗阻显...     

内镜联合X线监视支架置入治疗十二指肠恶性梗阻9例分析

十二指肠恶性梗阻并不少见,临床主要表现为腹胀、呕吐、营养不良等,常需采用外科胃空肠吻合术治疗。随着内镜器械及技术的发展,内镜下置入金属支架可有效解除梗阻。本文分析十二指肠支架对恶性十二指肠梗阻的治疗方法及疗效。     

复方斑蝥胶囊对肝癌患者TACE治疗前后细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨原发性肝癌(HCC) 患者肝动脉插管化疗栓塞术(TACE) 治疗前后及TACE 后应用中成药复方斑蝥胶囊后细胞免疫功能变化.方法:所有HCC 患者TACE 治疗前及治疗后1 wk 、1 mo,服用复方斑蝥胶囊前及用药后4 wk 用检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NK 细胞及ALT 、AST 、TBIL.结果:HCC...     

经内镜置入胆管内支架引流治疗良恶性胆管梗阻

目的 观察经内镜下胆管内引流术治疗良恶性胆管梗阻病人的效果.方法 经内镜下逆行胆管造影,根据胆管狭窄的情况放置不同的胆管支架.术后观察病人的黄疸、腹痛和发热等症状,并复查肝功能等.结果 36例良恶性胆管梗阻,塑料支架置入成功率为96.4%,金属支架成功率为100%,无支架术相关死亡者.结论 经内镜下逆行胆管内引流手术要求的条件低,创伤小,引流效果好,是治疗胆管梗阻的首选引流方法 ,值得进一步推广.     

经皮穿刺内支架置入联合区域性动脉化疗栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的 观察经皮肝穿刺胆管内支架置入联合区域性动脉化疗的方法进行栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效.方法 梗阻性黄疸患者68例,采用经皮肝穿刺支架置入术(PTCD)联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞(TACE)观察治疗成功率、并发症及临床效果.结果 PTCD成功率100%,Ⅰ期支架置入成功率78.6%(44/56),Ⅱ期支架置入成功率100%(12/12).术后并发PTCD引流管脱落2例,腹腔出血2例.随访62例(6个月～3 a),平均生存时间为18.2个月.结论 采用PTCD联合TACE治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸,成功率高,并发症少,可延长患者生存期.     

经内镜放置胆管金属支架联合鼻胆管引流治疗恶性胆管梗阻

目的探讨经内镜放置胆管金属支架联合鼻胆管引流对恶性胆管梗阻的治疗效果。方法 115例失去手术机会的恶性胆管梗阻患者行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影下放置胆管支架,其中48例行胆管塑料支架引流术,30例行胆管金属支架引流术,37例行胆管金属支架联合鼻胆管引流术;分析各组引流效果、成功率、早期并发症和胆管再堵塞发生情况。结果塑料支架组、金属支架组及金属支架联合鼻胆管组的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)在手术后均有明显降低(P0.05);手术后1周金属支架联合鼻胆管组的TBIL和DBIL明显低于塑料支架组、金属支架组(P0.05),塑料支架组和金属支架组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月内金属支架组和金属支架联合鼻胆管组再堵塞的发生率明显低于塑料支架组(P0.05),金属支架组和金属支架联合鼻胆管组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);塑料支架组的手术成功率与金属支架组及金属支架联合鼻胆管组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),塑料支架组的早期并发症发生率明显高于金属支架联合鼻胆管组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经内镜逆行胰胆管造影下放置胆管金属支架联合鼻胆管对于恶性胆管梗阻有确切的引流效果。     

内镜下两种金属支架置入方法治疗胃流出道梗阻对比分析

目的:探讨胃流出道梗阻时,两种内镜下金属支架置入方法的操作技术对照及其近、远期疗效观察.方法:将28例胃流出道梗阻患者随机分为2组,分别为1组(n=18):内镜直视下置入金属支架和2组(n=10):经大活检孔道内镜置入金属支架,观察其疗效、并发症及随访结果.结果:2组患者置入成功率分别为88.9%,100%,总成功率94.4%,腹胀消失率为81.3%,呕吐缓解率87.5%.除1组有1例患者术后出现心律失常外,两组未发生明显与操作有关的近期并发症.术后随访时间为1mo至42 mo,有5例再次出现梗阻,平均梗阻出现时间为110 d,平均生存时间140 d,最长生存时间42 mo,死亡病例中主要死于肿瘤进展.结论:两种支架置入方法治疗胃流出道梗阻均安全有效,经大活检孔道内镜置入金属支架比内镜直视下支架直接推送法操作更方便,更省时间、进镜次数少、患者反应小、恢复快.     

Clinical outcomes of secondary stent-in-stent self-expanding metal stent placement for primary stent malfunction in malignant gastric outlet obstruction

Background

Although a substantial number of patients require secondary stents insertion due to primary stent malfunction in malignant gastric outlet obstruction, data on the outcomes of secondary self-expanding metal stents are sparse.

Aim

To investigate clinical outcomes and factors related with secondary stent malfunction in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction given secondary stent-in-stent self-expanding metal stent insertion.

Methods

For this retrospective study, a total 77 patients who underwent secondary stent-in-stent self-expanding metal stent placement for primary stent malfunction in malignant gastric outlet obstruction were enrolled. We compared the effectiveness and complications of secondary covered and uncovered stents and explored the predictive factors for stent malfunction.

Results

Stent-in-stent self-expanding metal stent placements were technically successful in all patients. Both groups also had comparable clinical success rates (covered stent, 87.2% and uncovered stent, 90.0%, P = 1.000). Stent malfunction rates (31.9% and 36.7% respectively, P = 0.805) and median patency time of stent (165 [95% confidence interval: 112–218] and 165 [95% confidence interval: 126–204] days, respectively, P = 0.358) were similar between secondary covered and uncovered stents. Longer patients’ survival time (≥100 days) was associated with increased risk of stent malfunction (odds ratio: 4.598; 95% confidence interval: 1.473–14.355; P = 0.009).

Conclusions

Secondary stent-in-stent self-expanding metal stent placement is feasible and effective treatment for primary stent malfunctions in malignant gastric outlet obstruction. Covered and uncovered stent are equally acceptable in terms of stent-related complications and stent patency, regardless of primary stent type.     

经内镜放置金属支架治疗胃出口恶性梗阻9例

目的:探讨内镜下放置金属支架治疗胃出口恶性梗阻的效果及技术技巧.方法:进展期胃癌幽门梗阻患者9例, 采用两种方法治疗: (1)经内镜直视下放置支架(支架推送器直径4-6 mm, 长度约140 mm); (2)经内镜直视下放置经钳道(可通过3.2 mm或4.2 mm的活检孔)的十二指肠支架.结果: 本组9例支架放置皆1次成功, 其中放置2 cm×10 cm支架3例, 放置2 cm×8 cm支架6例; 放置特制幽门支架2例, 放置十二指肠支架6例, 放置食道支架1例. 采用方法1放置7例, 采用方法2放置2例. 术后24-48 h摄片示支架膨胀约90%,术后24 h恢复进流食. 常见并发症是恶心、呕吐, 上消化道出血和上腹疼痛等, 1例支架术后出现进行性黄疸. 随访3 mo, 无支架移位, 脱落及梗阻. 生存10-15 d者3例, 生存1-2 mo者2例, 已生存3 mo者4例, 平均通畅期为53.4 d.结论:内镜下放置金属支架治疗胃出口恶性梗阻应采用一定的技术技巧, 治疗疗效取决于支架位置是否合适以及病变范围.     

Treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction with endoscopically placed self-expandable metal stents

Malignant gastroduodenal obstruction can occur in up to 20% of patients with primary pancreatic, gastric or duodenal carcinomas. Presenting symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, pain and decreased oral intake which can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and poor quality of life. Endoscopic stent placement has become the primary therapeutic modality because it is safe, minimally invasive, and a cost-effective option for palliation. Stents can be successfully deployed in the majority of patients. Stent placement appears to lead to a shorter time to symptomatic improvement, shorter time to resumption of an oral diet, and shorter hospital stays as compared with surgical options. Recurrence of the obstructive symptoms resulting from stent occlusion, due to tumor ingrowth or overgrowth, can be successfully treated with repeat endoscopic stent placement in the majority of the cases. Both endoscopic stenting and surgical bypass are considered palliative treatments and, to date, no improvement in survival with either modality has been demonstrated. A tailored therapeutic approach, taking into consideration patient preferences and involving a multidisciplinary team including the therapeutic endoscopist, surgeon, medical oncologist, radiation therapist, and interventional radiologist, should be considered in all cases.     

EUS-guided gastroenterostomy using a novel electrocautery lumen apposing metal stent for treatment of gastric outlet obstruction (with video)

Background and aimEndoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) for the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) has been actually performed only with one type of electrocautery lumen-apposing metal stents (EC-LAMS). We aimed to evaluate the safety, technical and clinical effectiveness of EUS-GE using a newly available EC-LAMS in patients with malignant and benign GOO.Materials and methodsConsecutive patients who underwent EUS-GE for GOO using the new EC-LAMS at five endoscopic referral centers were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical efficacy was determined utilizing the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System (GOOSS).ResultsTwenty-five patients (64% male, mean age 68.7 ± 9.3 years) met the inclusion criteria; 21 (84%) had malignant etiology. Technically, EUS-GE was successful in all patients, with a mean procedural time of 35 ± 5 min. Clinical success was 68% at 7 days and 100% at 30 days. The mean time to resume oral diet was 11.4 ± 5.8 h, with an improvement of at least one point of GOOSS score observed in all patients. The median hospital stay was 4 days. No procedure-related adverse events occurred. After a mean follow-up of 7.6 months (95% CI 4.6–9.2), no stent dysfunctions were observed.ConclusionThis study suggests EUS-GE can be performed safely and successfully using the new EC-LAMS. Future large multicenter prospective studies are needed to confirm our preliminary data.     

Palliative management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction with endoscopically inserted self-expanding metal stents

AIM AND BACKGROUND: the insertion of self-expanding metal stents to palliate malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a minimally invasive procedure that is being increasingly used. We discuss experience with this technique in a level-II hospital in the Spanish National Health System. PATIENTS AND METHODS: a retrospective five-year study (2003-2007) was conducted in 23 patients who underwent 27 procedures aimed at resolving malignant gastric outlet obstruction (mean, 0.45 procedures per month) using endoscopically inserted noncovered stents (Wallstent and Wallflex). RESULTS: insertion was technically feasible in all 27 (100%) attempts, with satisfactory clinical results in 25 cases (92.5%). Endoscopy alone was used 10 times (37%), and both endoscopy and fluoroscopy on 17 (63%) occasions. After stent insertion, one patient was intervened for treatment, and a patient with an unsuccessful prosthesis received a palliative surgical bypass. Four stents became obstructed by tumoral ingrowth, and patency was reestablished by inserting a new stent. Obstructive jaundice caused by stents covering the papilla of Vater occurred in three cases. There were no other complications or mortality due to the procedure. Mean survival was 104 days (range 28-400, SD +/- 94).CONCLUSIONS: in our experience endoscopic insertion of self-expanding metal stents appears to be a safe and efficient palliative method for malignant gastric outlet obstruction, and can be performed successfully in a center with our characteristics.