非小细胞肺癌淋巴结切除数量及转移状况对预后影响的研究

目的：分析非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）淋巴结（1ymph node，LN）切除数量及不同LN转移状况对预后的影响。方法：对接受手术同时切除LN的1575例肺癌患者，分析LN切除数量以及LN转移范围、数量和转移率。结果：LN切除数量影响预后，N0期患者切除7～13个LN者5年生存率优于≤6和≥13个LN者，P值分别为0．001和0．021；N1、N2患者切除LN〉12个者5年生存率优于≤6和≥13个LN者，P值分别为0．000和0．003；N0期患者5年生存率优于N1、N2患者，P=0．000；N，期和“跳跃式”N2期患者5年生存率优于“连续式”N2期患者，P值分别为0．003和0．002；单站LN转移者5年生存率明显优于多站LN转移者，P=0．000；转移LN数为1、2个者5年生存率明显优于〉2个者，P=0．000；LN转移率分为〈25％、25％～50％、50％～75％及≥75％，生存期依次降低。结论：LN切除数量影响NSCLC预后，一般术中应切除7～13个LN；LN转移范围、数量及转移率均影响NSCLC的术后生存期。     

非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移规律的研究

目的：探讨非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）的肿瘤大小、外侵程度、病理类型、肿瘤部位等与淋巴结转移的关系。方法：对１４５例ＮＳＣＬＣ行肺癌切除和纵隔淋巴结清扫术的患者进行临床病理分析。结果：清除淋巴结１６８２个,阳性率３３.８９％。原发性肿瘤大小及外侵程度（Ｔ）因素中Ｔ１、Ｔ２、Ｔ３、Ｔ４患者淋巴结转移率分别为２２.３３％、２９.６８％、２８.７７％、５１.２０％。鳞癌淋巴结转移率为１９.４９％,腺癌淋巴结转移率为３５.５７％,腺鳞癌淋巴结转移率为３７.６５％,大细胞癌淋巴结转移率为７０.5９％。中央型与周围型肺癌的淋巴结转移率分别为３５.２８％和３３.０８％。各区淋巴结１０、７、５区转移频率较高,其中７区转移率最高。结论：ＮＳＣＬＣ的淋巴结转移与原发肿瘤大小、外侵程度、病理类型、肿瘤发生部位均有密切关系。肺切除时行系统性纵隔淋巴结清扫是必要的。     

纵隔淋巴结受累程度对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌预后的影响

目的 :探讨淋巴结受侵的程度及转移的范围与Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)预后的关系及Ⅲ期NSCLC的手术适应证。方法 :回顾分析 1988年～ 1998年间 ,淋巴结廓清术后病理诊断为纵隔淋巴结转移 (pN2 )的 136例NSCLC患者的临床资料 ,根据术前的淋巴结分期、淋巴结受侵的程度及转移的范围分组。Kaplan Meier计算生存率 ,绘出生存曲线、用Log Rank检验比较不同组别的生存差别。结果 :不同的临床、病理因素中 ,淋巴结受侵的程度对预后的影响最大。淋巴结结外转移组的五年生存率低于结内转移组 ,分别为 9.8%和 18.8%。Log rank检验显示两组间差别具有显著的统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :淋巴结结外转移的N2 患者预后不良。对手术中纵隔淋巴结活检冰冻病理证实转移灶局限在淋巴结内者 ,可采取根治性切除 ;对于淋巴结转移已突破外膜者 ,手术应该以姑息切除为主要目的     

可手术非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移特点及其临床意义

目的：分析可手术非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer ,NSCLC ）区域淋巴结的转移特点,探讨其在手术淋巴结清扫范围的选择以及术后放射治疗靶区勾画中的意义。方法：回顾性分析浙江省肿瘤医院2005年1 月至2010年12月810 例NSCLC 患者的临床资料,分析区域各组淋巴结转移频度以及肿瘤原发病灶与区域淋巴结转移部位的相关性。结果：NSCLC 区域淋巴结转移与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学类型及肿瘤部位相关（P 值分别为0.013、0.000、0.009 和0.000）。 不同肿瘤原发部位有不同的淋巴结易转移区域。结论：左肺原发肿瘤中病灶大、组织学类型为腺癌的患者易发生区域淋巴结转移。非小细胞肺癌在纵隔淋巴结的转移中,右上肺癌主要转移至上纵隔2～4 区;右中肺和右下肺癌主要转移至上纵隔2～4 区、隆突下;左上肺癌主要转移至上纵隔2～4 区、主动脉弓下;左下肺癌主要转移至动脉弓下及隆突下。在手术选择淋巴结清扫范围及术后放射治疗靶区勾画时应特别注意这些淋巴结转移频度较高的区域。     

肺癌淋巴结转移特点的临床分析

目的探讨原发性肺癌胸内淋巴结转移特点及转移方式，为确定肺癌术中淋巴结廓清范围提供依据。方法按Naruke肺癌淋巴结分布图作为淋巴结廓清标志，对105例肺癌行完全性切除及系统性淋巴结廓清术。结果105例肺癌，共清除淋巴结801枚。N1占15．9％(59／371枚)，N2占14．9％(64／430枚)。跳跃性N2共12例，分布在纵隔第2、4、5、6、7组淋巴结。肺原发肿瘤大小与淋巴结转移之间无明显关系。小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移率最高，腺癌淋巴结转移率亦高于鳞癌。肺癌淋巴结可呈跳跃式纵隔转移，且肺下叶癌较肺上叶癌多见。结论肺癌淋巴结转移具有多组别、多区域及跳跃性特点，系统性胸内淋巴结廓清在肺癌术中应常规应用。     

306例肺癌的淋巴结转移规律

目的 探讨可切除性肺癌的胸内淋巴结转移规律。方法 从l992年1月至2000年l2月，对306例肺癌患者施行根治性切除术和系统性胸内淋巴结清扫，分别记录各区淋巴结的数量、大小、颜色和质地，并进行病理检查。结果 全组共清扫胸内2456个区的46l4个淋巴结，平均每例15.1个。经病理检查证实其中521个区的954个淋巴结存在转移癌。胸内淋巴结的转移率高达61．8％，纵隔淋巴结的转移率高达43．5％。围绕肺门或肺根部的11、10、7、5和4区淋巴结的转移频度比远离肺根部的9、6、3、2、l区淋巴结高。小细胞肺癌的淋巴结转移率明显高于非小细胞肺癌(P＜0.01)。淋巴结转移率与淋巴结的大小、颜色和质地均有密切关系(尸＜0.00l，P＜0.00l，P＜0.001)。结论 多数肺癌的淋巴结转移遵循由近及远、自下而上、由肺内经肺门再向纵隔的顺序转移规律，少数纵隔淋巴结转移呈“跳跃式”。肺切除术时施行系统性胸内淋巴结清扫是必要的。     

纵隔淋巴结转移非小细胞肺癌的外科治疗

目的：总结纵隔淋巴结转移（N2）肺癌的外科治疗效果,探讨其临床病理特点与预后关系。方法：用SPSS软件对我院外科治疗1083例非小细胞肺癌建立数据库,对其中147例N2肺癌进行统计分析。结果：N2组中鳞癌发生率最低,肺鳞癌淋巴结转移度明显低于其他类型肺癌（P＜0．01）,其预后明显优于肺腺癌（P＜0．05）。根治性切除者淋巴结转移度明显低于姑息性切除者,预后明显优于姑息性切除者（P＜0．05）。淋巴结转移数与预后有关,＞4枚者预后差（P＜0．05）。手术方式及术后综合治疗与预后无明显关系。结论：肺癌外科治疗常规进行纵隔淋巴结清扫对达到根治效果和准确分期十分必要。     

非小细胞肺癌13组、14组淋巴结转移规律探讨

背景与目的 淋巴结转移是影响肺癌肿瘤-淋巴结-转移(tumor-node-matastasis,TNM)分期的重要因素之一,在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的手术中,13组、14组淋巴结因其隐藏于肺叶的深部而忽视做病理检测,影响术后病理分期准确性.本研究旨在探讨13组、14组淋巴结在NSCLC术中的阳性检出率及其对病理分期的影响.方法 选取内蒙古医科大学附属医院100例NSCLC手术患者为研究对象,剖取胸内2组-12组、第13、14组淋巴结行病理检测,分析肿瘤的大小、部位、病理类型等因素与胸内淋巴结转移率的关系.结果 100例患者胸内淋巴结转移率为47.0％,10组-12组、N2淋巴结、13组、l4组淋巴结阳性率有统计学差异(P＜0.0S);不同T分期13组、14组淋巴结漏检率有统计学差异(P＜0.0S);周围型与中央型NSCLC的N1期漏检率无统计学差异(P＞0.05);不同病理类型肿瘤之间N1期漏诊率无统计学差异(P＞0.05).此外,发现有12例患者存在非肿瘤所在叶、段支气管旁淋巴结转移.结论 临床上检测NSCLC13组、14组与非肿瘤所在叶支气管旁淋巴结的转移情况十分必要,有利于获取术后准确的TNM分期,对于指导术后治疗意义重大.     

可手术非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结的微转移

目的 分析以LUNX-mRNA为标志物,RT-PCR法检测非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）纵隔淋巴结微转移的可行性,从基因水平探讨肺癌系统性纵隔淋巴结清扫的必要性。方法对20例NSCLC患者术中取纵隔淋巴结,用RT-PCR法检测肺癌特异性基因LUNX在纵隔淋巴结的表达情况,并与10例肺部良性疾病患者的纵隔淋巴结LUNX基因的表达进行对比。结果20例肺癌患者共送检71枚纵隔淋巴结。常规病理学检查阳性的淋巴结占11．3％;而LUNX-mRNA阳性的淋巴结占32．4％,P〈0．001;纵隔淋巴结微转移率为25．4％;在ⅠA～ⅡB期患者的55枚纵隔淋巴结中,LUNX-mRNA阳性的淋巴结占23．6％,而在Ⅲ期患者的16枚淋巴结中,LUNX-mRNA阳性的淋巴结占62．5％（P=0．003）。结论可手术NSCLC患者的纵隔淋巴结微转移发生率约为25．4％;系统性胸内淋巴结清扫应为NSCLC患者的标准术式之一。     

早期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结微小转移检测的临床意义

Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）术后５年生存率为５０％～８５％左右,对于术后是否应进行辅助放、化疗至今尚无定论。我们探讨了５６例Ⅰ期ＮＳＣＬＣ患者术后淋巴结微小转移灶（ｌｙｍｐｈｎｏｄｅｓｍｉｃｒｏｍｅｔａｓｔａｓｉｓ,ＬＭＭ）对预后的影响和指导术后治疗的意义。材料与方法　收集本院和解放军三○一医院１９８７年９月～１９９２年９月的Ⅰ期ＮＳＣＬＣ５６例,均有术后病理诊断,随访超过５年,死亡均与肺癌有关,全部病例５年生存率５５－４％（３１／５６）。取５６例手术切除的淋巴结石蜡标本（共２５２个淋巴结,每…     

A Study of the Number and Metastatic Status of Lymph Nodes Ressected During Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Surgery

OBJECTIVE To analyze the number and the metastatic status of lymph nodes resected during NSCLC surgery, and to determine the relationship of the lymph node status to the prognosis. METHODS Clinical data from 1,575 inpatient NSCLC cases were retrospectively reviewed, and the number and the different metastatic status of the LNs resected analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. RESULTS Stage NO patients with 7 to 12 LNs resected during surgery had a significant increase in survival （P=0.001, 0.021）,compared to patients with less than 6 LNs or more than 12 LNs. Stage N1 or N2 patients with more than 12 LNs resected had a significant increase in survival（P=0.000 ,0.003）,compared with cases who had less than 6 LNs or 7 to 12 LNs resected.The 5-year survival rate of Stage NO patients was superior to Stage N1 and N2 patients （P =0.000,0.000）,and the 5-year survival rates of Stage N0 and skip N2 patients were superior to the continue N2 patients. Patients with a single station of LNs metastasis had a significant increase in survival （P=0.000）,compared with those with multiple stations of LNs metastasis. Patients with 1 to 2 metastatic LNs had a significant increase in survival （P=0.000）,compared with patients having more than 2 metastatic LNs.The metastatic LN ratio（percentage of metastatic lymph nodes resected） was divided into four subgroups： 〈25%, 25%～50%, 51%～75%, 〉 75%.The 5-year survival rate gradually decreased with an increase in the metastatic ratio. CONCLUSION For patients with NSCLC the number of LNs resected during surgery should be 7 to 12; the range and number of LN metastasis and the metastatic LN ratio significantly affect the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结和非前哨淋巴结转移的影响因素分析

目的 探讨影响乳腺癌前哨淋巴结和非前哨淋巴结转移的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析2010年7月至2011年8月收治的、行前哨淋巴活检的283例女性乳腺癌患者的临床资料.结果 单因素分析结果显示,患者年龄、是否绝经、肿瘤大小、病理类型和脉管瘤栓均与前哨淋巴结转移(SLNM)有关(均P＜0.05);年龄、恶性肿瘤家族史、绝经情况、局部切除术、示踪技术、前哨淋巴结阳性、肿瘤大小、病理类型、分化程度、雌激素受体(ER)阳性、孕激素受体阳性、人表皮生长因子受体2阳性数目、脉管瘤栓和Ki-67≥15％等均与非前哨淋巴结转移无关(均P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者年龄、肿瘤大小和脉管瘤栓均与SLNM有关(均P＜0.05).结论 患者年龄、肿瘤大小和脉管瘤栓是影响SLNM的独立因素,其中年龄是保护因素.而病理类型、病理分级和ER状态是否与SLNM有关存在争议.     

腋窝淋巴结清扫总数在预测淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后中的价值

目的探讨腋窝淋巴结清扫总数在预测淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后中的价值。方法采用Kaplan-Meier法和多因素回归分析方法,对138例有完整随访资料的淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者的生存情况及影响因素进行分析。结果本组患者随访时间为33-96月,中位随访时间89月。5年总生存率为93.5%,无瘤生存率为80.1%。单因素分析显示,腋窝淋巴结清扫总数影响淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者的预后(χ2=6.24,P<0.05),多因素回归分析发现腋窝淋巴结清扫总数是影响淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后的独立因素之一(P=0.025)。结论手术清扫腋窝淋巴结数目可反映区域淋巴结清扫的彻底性以及评价术后病理分期的准确性,是影响淋巴结阴性乳腺癌患者预后的独立预后因素之一。     

食管癌纵隔喉返神经旁淋巴结转移对颈部淋巴结转移的影响

目的 探讨食管癌术后颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法 用Logistic法回归分析本院胸段食管鳞癌术后区域淋巴结转移患者 126例的临床资料,探寻食管癌术后颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果 全组颈部淋巴结转移比例为43.7%(55/126)。Logistic回归分析显示原发部位、T分期、N分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移率、淋巴结转移度、淋巴结转移区域数与颈部淋巴结转移均无关。上纵隔右、左1区淋巴结转移是颈部右、左Ⅰ区淋巴结转移的高危因素(χ²=12.14、9.27,P=0.000、0.002),左纵隔喉返神经区淋巴结转移可降低右颈部Ⅰ区淋巴结转移风险(χ²=6.04,P=0.014),颈部Ⅲ区和上纵隔2区淋巴结转移是颈部 Ⅱ_a区淋巴结转移的高危因素(χ²=14.56、8.27、8.02、3.93,P=0.000、0.004、0.005、0.047)。     

Significance of the lymph nodes in the 7th station in rational dissection for metastasis of distal gastric cancer with different T categories

Objective： To determine the clinicopathological characteristics, and evaluate the appropriate extent of lymph node dissection in distal gastric cancer patients with comparable T category. Methods： A retrospective study was conducted on 570 distal gastric cancer patients, who underwent gastric resection with D2 nodal dissection, which was performed by the same surgical team from January 1997 to January 2011. We compared the differences in lymph node metastasis rates and metastatic lymph node ratios between different T categories. Additionally, we investigated the impact of lymph node metastasis in the 7th station on survival rate of distal gastric cancer patients with the same TNM staging. Results： Among the 570 patients, the overall lymph node metastasis rate of advanced distal gastric cancer was 78.1%, and the metastatic lymph node ratio was 27%. The lymph node metastasis rate in the 7th station was similar to that of perigastric lymph nodes. There was no statistical significance in patients with the same TNM stage （stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ）, irrespective of the metastatic status in the 7th station. Conclusions： Our results suggest that to a certain extent, it is reasonable to include lymph nodes in the 7th station in the D 1 lymph node dissection.     

前哨淋巴结活检对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状况的预测价值

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状况的预测价值。方法以36例体检无腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者为研究对象，用美蓝皮下注射染色法定位前哨淋巴结(SLY)，行SLNB，以病理检查结果计算SLNB的成功率及假阴性率、假阳性率、准确性、灵敏度、特异度、阳性符合率、阴性符合率、阳性结果预测值、阴性结果预测值。结果36例患者行SLNB，成功率为97．2％，灵敏度为92．9％。特异度为100％，假阴性率为7．7％，假阳性率为O％，准确率为95．8％，阳性符合率为92．3％；阴性符合率为95．7％，阳性结果预测值为100％，阴性结果预测值为93．9％。结论美蓝皮下注射染色法行SLNB有很高的成功率，SLNB能够准确地预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状况。     

Number of lymph nodes identified at axillary dissection

BACKGROUND:

Several reports have shown a significantly lower number of axillary lymph nodes (AxLNs) found at axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The objective of the current study was to investigate the factors affecting the number of AxLNs identified at ALND.

METHODS:

Medical records of patients seen at the study institution, a tertiary center, from 2004 to 2007 who underwent ALND for breast cancer were reviewed.

RESULTS:

Among the 698 patients who met study criteria, the mean number of AxLNs resected was 20.4. There were 649 (93%) patients with at least 10 AxLNs recovered. Seventy‐one (10%) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 627 (90%) underwent surgical resection first. The mean number of AxLNs in the patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 21.9 (range, 4‐56 AxLNs) compared with 20.2 (range, 5‐65 AxLNs) in the group treated with surgical resection first (P = .13). The number of patients with <10 AxLNs found at ALND was 44 of 627 (7.0%) in the surgical resection first group and 5 of 71 (7.0%) in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (P = 1.0). The mean number of AxLNs was higher in the 599 (86%) ALNDs performed at the study center compared with the 99 cases from outside institutions (21.2 vs 15.2 AxLNs; P <.001). Among the cases performed at the study institution, 367 (61%) were performed by surgeons with oncologic training and 232 (39%) were not. Surgical oncologists recovered an average of 23 AxLNs, which was significantly higher than the 18.4 resected by the remaining surgeons (P <.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The number of AxLNs recovered at ALND does not appear to be affected by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgeons with oncologic training appear to retrieve more AxLNs. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

A practical scoring system based upon ROC analysis for evaluating potential lymph nodes metastasis during gastric surgery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current preoperative N staging does not offer an accurate estimation of lymph node involvement. We establish a new scoring system for predicting N stages to guide a rational lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS: Variables correlated with N stages were selected by multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Variables granted the different scores according to the odds ratio (OR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to generate scoring ranges from N0 to N3. The agreement between predicted N staging and actual pN classification was analyzed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: Tumor size, depth of invasion, and histological types were selected to establish the scoring system. Scores 0-4, 5-7, 8-9, and 10-13 were postulated to predict N0-3, respectively. The predicted N stage has good agreement with the actual pN classifications. The negative predictive values for N0-3 were 87.0, 86.4, 90.4, and 90.2%; the positive predictive values were 74.7, 62.8, 57.3, and 69.6%, respectively. The accuracy is 82% for N0-1, and 83.7% for N2-3. CONCLUSIONS: The new scoring system can predict the N stage of gastric cancer. With its good negative predictive value, it is possible to minimize the potential hazards of applying a more extensive lymph node dissection than necessary.     

Evaluation of lymph node counts in primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

BACKGROUND:

Lymph node counts are a measure of quality assurance and are associated with prognosis for numerous malignancies. To date, investigations of lymph node counts in testis cancer are lacking.

METHODS:

By using the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Testis Cancer database, the authors identified 255 patients who underwent primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) between 1999 and 2008. Features that were associated with lymph node counts, positive lymph nodes, the number of positive lymph nodes, and the risk of positive contralateral lymph nodes were evaluated with regression models.

RESULTS:

The median (interquartile range [IQR]) total lymph node count was 38 lymph nodes (IQR, 27‐53 total lymph nodes), and it was 48 (IQR, 34‐61 total lymph nodes) during the most recent 5 years. Features that were associated with higher lymph node count on multivariate analysis included high‐volume surgeon (P = .034), clinical stage (P = .036), and more recent year of surgery (P < .001); whereas pathologist was not associated significantly with lymph node count (P = .3). Clinical stage (P < .001) and total lymph node count (P = .045) were associated significantly with finding positive lymph nodes on multivariate analysis. The probability of finding positive lymph nodes was 23%, 23%, 31%, and 48% if the total lymph node count was <21, 21 to 40, 41 to 60, and >60, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 3 years, all patients remained alive, and 16 patients developed recurrent disease, although no patients developed recurrent disease in the paracaval, interaortocaval, para‐aortic, or iliac regions.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results suggested that >40 lymph nodes removed at RPLND improve the diagnostic efficacy of the operation. The authors believe that these results will be useful for future trials comparing RPLNDs, especially when assessing the adequacy of lymph node dissection. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.