Pressure wave propagation in a short tunnel caused by passing trains

The aerodynamic behaviour of pressure transients in railway tunnels due to the passage of train are accompanied by the wave reflection between the entrance and exit of the tunnel as well as the tunnel wall and train surface. This study presents a numerical method using the Harten-Yee upwind TVD scheme to simulate compression wave transients and reflection in a railway tunnel. The strength of the compression wave generated by the entrance of a train into a tunnel emerged within the applied calculation procedure, without any special consideration of the boundary condition for the entrance or exit of the tunnel as well as the train nose and tail. Good agreements were obtained when the initial pressure rise at tunnel entrance and the process of pressure variations in a short tunnel, which were calculated by the presented numerical method, were compared with experimental data. The pressure wave reflection at the entrance and exit, the unsteady flow around the train and the transmitted wave at tunnel exit portal were simulated. The transmitted wave at the tunnel exit portal is also discussed. In addition a method to determine the non-reflective boundary condition for multi-dimensional Euler equation is given.     

Pressure wave propagation in a short tunnel caused by passing trains

The aerodynamic behaviour of pressure transients in railway tunnels due to the passage of train are accompanied by the wave reflection between the entrance and exit of the tunnel as well as the tunnel wall and train surface. This study presents a numerical method using the Harten-Yee upwind TVD scheme to simulate compression wave transients and reflection in a railway tunnel. The strength of the compression wave generated by the entrance of a train into a tunnel emerged within the applied calculation procedure, without any special consideration of the boundary condition for the entrance or exit of the tunnel as well as the train nose and tail. Good agreements were obtained when the initial pressure rise at tunnel entrance and the process of pressure variations in a short tunnel, which were calculated by the presented numerical method, were compared with experimental data. The pressure wave reflection at the entrance and exit, the unsteady flow around the train and the transmitted wave at tunnel exit portal were simulated. The transmitted wave at the tunnel exit portal is also discussed. In addition a method to determine the non-reflective boundary condition for multi-dimensional Euler equation is given.

     

高速列车隧道压力波模拟系统仿真控制研究

高速列车在隧道中运行、交会时,车体表面将形成复杂的膨胀波和压缩波,引起车体变形,影响行车安全。车外压力波通过车体传入车内引起车内空气压力的波动,影响乘车舒适度。使用实测的隧道压力波为期望波形,采用AMESIM与Matlab构建联合仿真的模式来设计高速列车隧道压力波模拟控制系统。针对模拟系统大容量、大滞后及强非线性特点,采用迭代学习控制算法来实现隧道压力波的重建。仿真验证表明:迭代学习控制算法的控制误差比常规算法小,控制效果较理想。     

Wave propagation in a cylindrical viscous layer between two elastic shells

Propagation of longitudinal waves in a liquid-filled layer between two thin coaxial shells is investigated. Both liquid viscosity and elasticity of the shells are accounted for. Dynamics of the shells is treated using the Kirchhoff–Love approximation. The elastic deformations of the shells in the sound wave are coupled with the liquid flow in the gap through appropriate dynamic and kinematic boundary conditions. Hydrodynamics of the liquid is described using the quasi-one-dimensional (hydraulic) approach. It is assumed that the external and internal shells are composed of different isotropic elastic materials and have different widths. The dispersion equation for harmonic waves in the system is obtained; it is valid in the low frequency range where the wave length is greater than the external shell radius. In the limiting case for an ideal liquid the dispersion equation yields water hammer speed in the system. The analysis of the dispersion equation has shown strong influence of viscous losses on dispersion and attenuation of pressure signals in the low frequency region. The wave speed and attenuation are highly dependent on the geometrical parameters of the system and elastic properties of the shells.     

高速列车材料测试及轰燃研究

为得到CRH2型高速列车燃烧热释放速率、烟气运动等表征燃烧特性的数据曲线,基于ISO 5660-1——2002和ISO 1716——2002标准对车用主要材料进行燃烧实验,并建立Pyrosim高速列车4号车厢模型进行燃烧仿真,得出不同起火位置、不同通风条件下列车热释放速率曲线、温度、热流量和烟层高度的变化情况,并根据轰燃发生的热释放速率判据判断各个工况是否发生轰燃,分析CRH2型高速列车的防火性能。结果表明:座椅着火会使列车内部发生轰燃现象,轰燃发生之后通风会由于进入的空气对车内燃烧起助燃作用。     

一种高速列车空气动力学测试方案的设计

针对测试列车表面空气压力分布时用到带共模输出的小灵敏度气压传感器提出一种测试方案.首先消除信号共模输出,再进行信号放大,去除共模信号的影响;其次提升信号基准,保证测试信号的双向性;然后引入线路气压信号,消除线路气压趋势;最终测出列车表面相对气压分布情况.给出测试方案硬件设计思路及软件设计流程,并通过实车在线测试验证,取得较好效果.     

Wave propagation in a prestressed piezoelectric half-space

Reflection of plane waves at a traction-free and electrically shorted/charge-free surface of a prestressed piezoelectric medium is studied. The reflection coefficients of qP and qSV waves are derived for electrically shorted and charge-free cases. The effect of initial stress on the reflection coefficients is discussed for a particular example of Lithium niobate.     

Wave propagation in a fluid-filled elastic tube

Summary In a recent paper [1] the present authors (T.B.M. and J.B.H.) studied dispersive wave motions in a tethered, fluid-filled elastomer tube. There the radial inertia of the fluid was taken into account by employing an approximation similar to that proposed by Love [2] for analysis of wave propagation in bars and a simple bending theory of shells was employed for the tube wall. Here, by solving the fluid equations exactly we determine conditions under which the Love approximation is valid. We then extend our previous results to include the effect of shear deformation of the tube wall and analyze this extended theory to ascertain the relative importance of including shear in fluid-filled tube models designed for biological applications.

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Wellenausbreitung in einem fluidgefüllten, elastischen Rohr

Zusammenfassung In einer vorangegangenen Arbeit [1] behandelten die beiden letztgenannten Autoren dispersive Wellenbewegungen in einem axial festgehaltenen, fluidgefüllten, elastomeren Rohr. Dort wurde die Radialträgheit des Fluids mitberücksichtigt durch Anwendung einer ähnlichen Näherung, wie sie von Love [2] für die Behandlung der Wellenausbreitung in Stäben vorgeschlagen wurde, wobei eine einfache Schalenbiegetheorie für die Rohrwand verwendet wurde. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden durch exaktes Lösen der Gleichungen für das Fluid Bedingungen bestimmt, unter welchen die Näherung von Love gültig ist. Es werden dann die vorhergehenden Ergebnisse erweitert um Einflüsse der Schubverformung der Rohrwand mit einzuschließen und diese erweiterte Theorie wird untersucht, um die relative Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung des Schubs in fluidgefüllten Rohrmodellen, wie sie für Anwendungen in der Biologie entworfen wurden, festzustellen.

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With 9 Figures     

BP神经网络在高速列车空调控制中的应用

为及时调整高速列车车内温湿度环境动态变化,采用BP人工神经网络应用于人体感官评价的计算,实现对温湿度舒适性影响因素变化的实时反馈控制,为空调的动态智能控制提供理论方法和技术支持。     

Wave propagation in a thinly two layered laminated medium with stress couples under initial stresses

Summary The present paper is an attempt to provide an approximate treatment based on Biots theory of incremental deformation to study the wave propagation in two thinly layered laminated medium under initial stresses. The cross-sectional distortion which plays an important role in the coupling of adherent layers is taken into account. The theory is derived in the context of plane strain deformation and the frequency equation for phase velocity of waves propagated has been obtained. It has been shown that under certain conditions when wave length becomes small compared to thickness of each layer, the wave approaches to Rayleigh waves at the two outer surfaces with the possibility of Stoneley waves at the interface.

Notation and Nomenclature

For Medium—I M _i, L_i elastic coefficients - C _i bending moment - h _i thickness - P _i initial stress - _i fraction of the total thickness occupied by theith layer - b _i couple-stress coefficient For the equivalent anisotropic continuum H total thickness - M, L elastic coefficients - P average initial stress - s ₁₁ ⁽¹⁾ ,s ₂₂,s ₁₂ ⁽¹⁾ incremental stress components - u ₁,v ₁ displacement components alongx, y directions respectively - ₁ density - e _xx,e _yy,e _xy ⁽¹⁾ strain components with respect to rotated axes - w ₁ rotational component aboutz-axis - f ₁ x, f ₁ y components of incremental boundary forces per unit initial area For Medium-II N _j,Q _j elastic coefficients - D _j bending moment - K _j thickness - R _j initial stress - _j fraction of the total thickness occupied by thejth layer - g _j couple-stress coefficients For the equivalent anisotropic continuum K total thickness - N, Q elastic coefficients - R average initial stress - s ₁₁ ⁽²⁾ ,s ₂₂,s ₁₂ ⁽²⁾ incremental stress components - u ₂,v ₂ displacement components alongx, y directions respectively - ₂ density - e _xx, e_yy,e _xy ⁽²⁾ strain components with respect to rotated axes - w ₂ rotational component aboutz-axis - f ₂ x, f ₂ y components of incremental boundary forces per unit initial area With 5 Figures     

Wave propagation in a composite with a wavy sublamina

The through-thickness waviness in a sublamina in a composite laminate is the subject of study for the purposes of nondestructive evaluation by ultrasound. The model consists of a flat composite laminate with one sublamina which has sinusoidal waviness. The theoretical analysis of a longitudinal wave propagating through such a laminate is presented and the reflection coefficients at various locations on the plate are calculated. The results are validated by experimental ultrasonic C-scan.     

Wave propagation in a micro-isotropic,micro-elastic solid

This is an extension of Koh's work[1] on micro-elastic solids. Restrictions on the elastic moduli have been obtained from the positive definiteness of the strain energy function. These restrictions are applied to the dispersion relations of plane harmonic waves propagating in the medium. It is found that all the velocities of propagation have real values above certain cut-off frequencies. The medium theoretically allows the propagation of twelve waves, eleven dispersive and one non-dispersive, with six distinct velocities of propagation and three cut-off frequencies.     

高速列车交会压力波特性分析

因动车组在高速交会时产生的瞬变交会压力波对车体侧壁变形、列车运行噪声及运行安全性都有不可忽视的影响,该文利用高速列车的实际测试数据,从3方面对高速列车在明线交汇和隧道交汇情况下的压力波进行深入分析:交会压力波的时-频特性,主要参数值及其与车速的关系,交会压力波对车体侧壁振动的激励作用。特别对压力波所产生的冲击响应谱进行深入分析,得到不同阻尼比下的频率响应。该文分析结果为进一步研究瞬变交会压力波对车体侧壁变形的影响、对列车运行噪声的贡献等提供新的参考依据。     

Wave propagation in a bifurcated impedance-lined cylindrical waveguide

The radiation of a cylindrical-surface-wave mode which propagates towards the mouth of a semi- infinite cylindrical waveguide which supports surface waves is considered. This semi-infinite cylindrical waveguide is symmetrically located inside an infinite cylindrical waveguide whose surfaces are lined with an absorbent material. The whole system constitutes a new bifurcated cylindrical-waveguide boundary-value problem that has application in acoustics and electromagnetism. The mathematical model results in a scalar Wiener–Hopf problem which can be rigorously solved to give a closed-form solution.     

Wave propagation in sheared rubber

Summary The speeds of propagation and polarization amplitudes are presented for finite amplitude plane shear waves propagating in rubber which is maintained in a state of static finite simple shear. The Mooney-Rivlin form of the stored-energy function is used to model the mechanical behaviour of the material. General relations are obtained between the speed of propagation of the fastest and slowest waves and the speed of propagation of the finite amplitude circularly polarized waves which may propagate along the acoustic axes. The slowness and ray surfaces are also presented.