大倾斜角度下基于冷原子重力仪的绝对重力测量

冷原子重力仪的倾斜角会对绝对重力测量产生显著的影响.高精度的绝对重力测量需要对重力仪的倾斜角进行精确的测量、控制及校正.本文从理论上分析了四种不同情况下倾斜对绝对重力测量的影响规律,并在实验上对得到的理论进行了实验验证.基于此,设计了一种基于双倾斜计的绝对重力测量方案,主要是为了解决恶劣测量环境下的冷原子重力仪倾斜漂移问题.此方案利用高精度倾斜计记录放置在被动隔振平台上的拉曼反射镜的倾斜角度,并使用另外一个倾斜计监控真空系统的倾斜,以实现振动噪声的抑制和倾斜的高精度测量.基于自研的小型化冷原子重力仪,对该方案进行了实验验证,并最终实现了车间复杂环境下的高精度绝对重力测量.由于倾斜得到精确测量和补偿,冷原子重力仪的测量精度达到了12.3μGal.本文为复杂环境下的高精度绝对重力测量提供了一种可行的方案,为冷原子重力仪的实用化提供了参考数据.     

冷原子重力仪及重力梯度仪中的姿态扰动研究

冷原子绝对重力仪和冷原子重力梯度仪在外界动平台上的精度相较实验室精度差距较大,其中最主要的振动噪声目前已经有较为成熟的方案进行抑制,而由于载体转动引起的姿态噪声目前尚未研究。从冷原子干涉仪的敏感机制入手,推导了在姿态扰动情况下冷原子绝对重力仪和重力梯度仪的相位改变,并利用双光子拉曼演化方程给出了相应的高阶灵敏度函数补偿方案,提升了冷原子绝对重力仪和重力梯度仪在复杂环境下的灵敏度和环境适应性。     

基于系数搜索的振动补偿方法

绝对重力仪普遍采用激光干涉式或原子干涉式的测量原理来测量重力加速度的绝对值,在地球物理等领域有着广泛的应用.振动补偿是一种有效减小地面振动对绝对重力仪测量精度的影响的方法,尤其适用于复杂振动环境.本文介绍了一种基于传递函数简化模型的、用于实时修正原子干涉式绝对重力仪干涉条纹的振动补偿方法,给出了该方法的工作原理及搜索模型系数的具体算法流程,然后利用仿真运算验证算法的有效性,最后利用已有的原子干涉式绝对重力仪对算法效果进行了实验评估.结果表明,使用该振动补偿算法对原子重力仪的干涉条纹进行修正,最大可将干涉条纹的余弦拟合残差的标准差衰减58%.该振动补偿算法具有较强的自适应性,有望提升原子干涉式绝对重力仪在不同测量环境尤其是复杂振动环境中的测量精度.     

基于冷原子重力仪的绝对重力动态移动测量实验

动态重力测量可以提高重力场的勘测效率,对基础地质调查、资源勘探、地球物理研究等具有十分重要意义.本文基于冷原子重力仪、惯性稳定平台和牵引动力装置搭建了一套绝对重力动态移动测量系统,并开展了绝对重力动态测量实验.首先测量了不同牵引速度下的垂向振动噪声功率谱,理论分析了其对动态重力测量的影响;其次评估了不同牵引速度对原子干...     

可移动三维主动减振系统及其在原子干涉重力仪上的应用

振动极大地影响着许多精密仪器的灵敏度和稳定性,对于冷原子干涉重力仪尤其如此.针对可移动的原子干涉仪建立了一套易于搬运的三维主动减振系统用来有效隔除地面的振动,从而提高可移动原子干涉仪的测量灵敏度,并能做到迅速部署迅速恢复工作.通过实施我们设计的综合反馈算法,本装置在三个维度的宽频带范围上实现了非常好的振动压制效果.本系统取得了对地面竖直方向振动3个数量级,对地面水平方向振动1个数量级的振动隔除效果.在原子干涉仪敏感的10 Hz以下频段,竖直方向的振动噪声被压制到了4.8×10~(–9)m/s~2/Hz~(1/2),水平方向的振动噪声被压制到了2.3×10~(–7) m/s~2/Hz~(1/2).振动噪声对干涉仪灵敏度的影响降至2μGal/Hz~(1/2)以下,比未放置减振系统的结果降低了2个数量级.     

光学移相干涉仪抗振系统的鲁棒μ控制器设计

将结构奇异值μ综合鲁棒控制技术应用于主动抗振控制系统中,并用于解决光学移相干涉仪抗振系统的不确定性问题.采用小波分析方法将随机振动信号进行时频分析后得到低频全局信息,随后运用μ综合D-K迭代法设计鲁棒μ控制器对低频振动进行抑制.该方法克服了由模型自身和外部干扰所引起的不确定性,使得控制系统能够有效地抑制抗振模型的不确定性和外部振动的干扰,同时也具有很高的控制准确度和灵敏度.仿真结果表明,该方法使光学移相干涉仪在外部振动的干扰下具有较好的鲁棒稳定性和控制准确度,同时也能较好地抑制低频振动.     

光学移相干涉仪抗振系统的鲁棒控制系统仿真分析

将被动抗振和主动抗振相结合的混合控制技术应用于解决光学移相干涉仪抗振系统的不确定性问题,其中主动抗振采用鲁棒控制策略.该方法克服了由模型和干扰所引起的不确定性,使得控制系统能够有效地抑制抗振模型的不确定性和外部振动的干扰.仿真结果表明,该方法使光学移相干涉仪在振动的干扰下具有较好的鲁棒稳定性和控制准确度.     

拉曼激光边带效应对冷原子重力仪测量精度的影响

电光调制技术是产生拉曼光的几种方法之一,其优点是系统简单、易搭建且环境适应性强.然而,这种调制技术会产生额外的边带光,并影响冷原子干涉绝对重力仪的测量精度.本文利用自行研制的可移动冷原子重力仪,研究了边带效应对冷原子重力仪测量精度的影响.详细分析了拉曼反射镜的位置、拉曼脉冲的作用时刻及其间隔、拉曼光的失谐等一系列参数与边带效应之间的关系,实验发现这些参数对冷原子重力仪的精度评估有比较大的影响;此外,我们还发现在有边带效应的情况下,原本不影响重力测量精度的实验参数也会影响最终的重力测量结果.最后,通过研究拉曼边带效应与拉曼光失谐之间的关系,本文提出一种评估拉曼边带效应影响重力仪精度的方法.本文结果为减小拉曼边带效应对冷原子重力仪测量精度的影响提供了依据.     

基于冷原子重力仪的船载动态绝对重力测量实验研究

冷原子重力仪正逐渐向小型化、动态化、实用化方向发展,将其应用于深远海绝对重力测量及水下长航时、高精度导航具有十分重要的意义.而目前冷原子重力仪多数尚处于实验室静基座或准静基座测量状态,难以满足动态应用场景下的重力测量需求,因此对冷原子干涉重力测量进行“由静到动”的相关研究十分迫切和关键.本文分析了动态测量的基本原理,给出了冷原子重力仪与加速度计组合测量的基本方法,搭建了一套基于冷原子重力仪和惯性稳定平台绝对动态重力测量系统,并采用冷原子重力仪与传统加速度计组合测量方式,开展了船载动态测量实验.首先,在实验室静态环境下进行了约40 h的连续绝对重力测量,对冷原子重力仪的性能进行初步评估,灵敏度为447μGal/■(1Gal=1 cm/s2),长期稳定度可达2.7μGal.在此基础上开展船载实验,测量船在湖上以约4.6 kn的速度航行,采用重复测线的方式开展了船载绝对动态重力测量.经评估,四条重复测线的内符合精度为2.272 mGal,四个航次外符合精度分别为2.331,1.837,3.988和2.589 mGal.最后,针对实验结果,对可能存在的问题进行进一步分析与总结.本实验研究为海洋...     

光学移相干涉仪抗振系统的鲁棒u控制器设计

将结构奇异值u综合鲁棒控制技术应用于主动抗振控制系统中,并用于解决光学移相干涉仪抗振系统的不确定性问题．采用小波分析方法将随机振动信号进行时频分析后得到低频全局信息,随后运用u综合D-K迭代法设计鲁棒u控制器对低频振动进行抑制．该方法克服了由模型自身和外部干扰所引起的不确定性,使得控制系统能够有效地抑制抗振模型的不确定性和外部振动的干扰,同时也具有很高的控制准确度和灵敏度．仿真结果表明,该方法使光学移相干涉仪在外部振动的干扰下具有较好的鲁棒稳定性和控制准确度,同时也能较好地抑制低频振动．     

Vibration compensation of an atom gravimeter

For most atom interferometers, the vibration isolation unit is applied to reduce vibration noise. In our experiment, instead of isolation, the vibration signals are monitored, and combining with the sensitive function, the compensation phase shift for the atom interferometer is obtained. We focus on the correction over a wide spectrum rather than on "monochromatic" frequencies. The sensitivity of the atom gravimeter can be upgraded by a factor of more than two. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the atom interferometer can still produce a good measurement result without passive vibration isolation in extremely noisy environments by using vibration compensation.     

Limits to the sensitivity of a low noise compact atomic gravimeter

A detailed analysis of the most relevant sources of phase noise in an atomic interferometer is carried out, both theoretically and experimentally. Even a short interrogation time of 100 ms allows our cold atom gravimeter to reach an excellent short term sensitivity to acceleration of 1.4×10^-8g at 1 s. This result relies on the combination of a low phase noise laser system, efficient detection scheme and good shielding from vibrations. In particular, we describe a simple and robust technique of vibration compensation, which is based on correcting the interferometer signal by using the ac acceleration signal measured by a low noise seismometer. PACS  32.80.Pj; 42.50.Vk; 39.20.+q     

Investigation of the thermal adaptability for a mobile cold atom gravimeter

The cold atom gravimeter offers the prospect of a new generation of inertial sensors for field applications. We accomplish a mobile atom gravimeter. With the compact and stable system, a sensitivity of 1.4×10~(-7)g·Hz~(-1/2)is achieved.Moreover, a continuous gravity monitoring of 80 h is carried out. However, the harsh outdoor environment is a big challenge for the atom gravimeter when it is for field applications. In this paper, we present the preliminary investigation of the thermal adaptability for our mobile cold atom gravimeter. Here, we focus on the influence of the air temperature on the performance of the atom gravimeter. The responses to different factors(such as laser power, fiber coupling efficiency,etc.) are evaluated when there is a great temperature shift of 10℃. The result is that the performances of all the factors deteriorate to different extent, nevertheless, they can easily recover as the temperature comes back. Finally, we conclude that the variation of air temperature induces the increase of noise and the system error of the atom gravimeter as well, while the process is reversible with the recovery of the temperature.     

Design and analysis of an intelligent vibration isolation platform for reaction/momentum wheel assemblies

This study focuses on design and analysis of an intelligent vibration isolation platform for reaction wheel assemblies (RWAs) and momentum wheel assemblies (MWAs). A passive platform consisting of four folded beams is designed and analysed for MWAs. A simple and effective mathematical model is developed for the system consisting of the platform and MWAs, and this model is used to investigate the passive vibration isolation performance. Further development is performed to produce an intelligent platform for RWAs, with piezoelectric sensors and actuators bonded to the vertical beams. The flywheel imbalance and impulse load are assumed to be input disturbances for the investigation of the active vibration isolation performance by the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show that the passive vibration isolation platform is particularly effective for the suppression of a high frequency range vibration for MWAs, and the intelligent platform using velocity feedback control effectively attenuates the dynamic amplification of amplitude at resonance for RWAs. Thus, it is concluded that the passive platform can be used as a vibration isolation platform for MWAs and that the intelligent one can be used for RWAs.     

Compact and robust laser system for onboard atom interferometry

We propose a compact and robust laser system at 780 nm for onboard atomic inertial sensors based on rubidium atom interferometry. The principle of this system consists in doubling the frequency of a telecom fiber bench at 1560 nm. The same laser source is used to achieve a magneto-optical trap, matter–wave interferences, and the atomic detection. An atomic gravimeter has been realized and the laser system has been validated under hyper- and microgravity.     

基于原子重力仪的车载静态绝对重力测量

目前大多数原子重力仪的装置复杂、体积庞大、环境适应性差,不能应用于野外进行绝对重力测量,这限制了原子重力仪的应用领域.本文利用自研的小型化原子重力仪,集成了一套车载绝对重力测量系统.该系统主要由原子重力仪、被动平台隔震系统、位姿平台调平系统、差分GPS测高系统、不间断电源供电系统及车载空调温控系统等组成.首先,本文对该测量系统的车载环境适应性进行了评估,发现在野外40℃高温、8°大倾角普通路面的环境下,该系统仍然能够正常工作;其次,介绍了车载绝对重力测量的实验步骤及数据处理方法,并测量了车头朝向对绝对重力测量的影响.最后,在野外平坦路面上进行了重复测线工作,评估了系统的内符合绝对重力测量精度,结果约为30μGal;在野外大倾角山体路面,通过测量不同海拔高度点的绝对重力值,得到了地球的垂直重力梯度值,约为-231(36)μGal/m.本文结果为野外绝对重力勘测提供了依据.     

绝对重力仪的技术发展:光学干涉和原子干涉

绝对重力仪是直接开展绝对重力测量的精密计量仪器.绝对重力测量是指对地球表面重力加速度值的直接测量,其在地球科学和计量科学等领域都有十分重要的应用.历史上最早的绝对重力测量约在1590年.1590～1960年,主要利用摆仪的摆长和自由摆周期来开展绝对重力测量.自1960年起,随着激光技术的发明,高精度绝对重力测量有了新的...     

A portable laser system for high-precision atom interferometry experiments

We present a modular rack-mounted laser system for the cooling and manipulation of neutral rubidium atoms which has been developed for a portable gravimeter based on atom interferometry that will be capable of performing high-precision gravity measurements directly at sites of geophysical interest. This laser system is constructed in a compact and mobile design so that it can be transported to different locations, yet it still offers improvements over many conventional laboratory-based laser systems. Our system is contained in a standard 19″ rack and emits light at five different frequencies simultaneously on up to 12 fibre ports at a total output power of 800 mW. These frequencies can be changed and switched between ports in less than a microsecond. The setup includes two phase-locked diode lasers with a phase noise spectral density of less than 1 μrad/Hz^1/2 in the frequency range in which our gravimeter is most sensitive to noise. We characterise this laser system and evaluate the performance limits it imposes on an interferometer.     

Influence of lasers propagation delay on the sensitivity of atom interferometers

In atom interferometers based on two photon transitions, the delay induced by the difference of the laser beams paths makes the interferometer sensitive to the fluctuations of the frequency of the lasers. We first study, in the general case, how the laser frequency noise affects the performance of the interferometer measurement. Our calculations are compared with the measurements performed on our cold atom gravimeter based on stimulated Raman transitions. We finally extend this study to the case of cold atom gradiometers.