糠醛对碳钢缓钢缓蚀性能的研究

采用失重法研究了糠醛对碳钢的缓蚀性能,实验表明30℃,4h条件下,在5％的盐酸中,糠醛具有较强的缓蚀作用,与六次甲基四胺复配缓蚀效果增强,通过研究找到了糠醛在碳钢上的吸附等温式,计算出碳钢溶解的表面活化能,研究了糠醛在碳钢上的吸附机理,研究表明糠本醛为混合控制缓蚀剂。     

6-硝废水缓蚀剂的研制

6-硝废水无法回收利用,但对钢铁有一定的缓蚀作用,它含有的缓蚀组分在Q235钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温式.以6-硝废水浓缩液为主剂,乌洛托品、碘化钾和表面活性剂OP为辅剂,通过正交试验复配研制出了一种高效复合缓蚀剂.当其添加量为0.5%时,在60 ℃,20%硫酸酸洗液中对Q235钢的缓蚀率达到99.13%.利用6-硝废水复配缓蚀荆,缓蚀效果好,既利用了废物,节约了资源,又减少了环境污染,应用前景广阔.     

曼尼希碱复配缓蚀剂的酸洗缓蚀性能

为减少曼尼希碱用量并保证其缓蚀效果,以甲醛、苯乙酮和有机胺为原料合成了曼尼希碱主剂,通过正交试验,将其与十二烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)和油酸钠(SO)进行复配,在20%HCl介质中研究了其对Q235碳钢的缓蚀效果并对复配条件进行了优化。采用失重法、电化学方法、大气采样中和滴定法对复配缓蚀剂的性能进行对比分析,并考察不同温度对复配缓蚀剂性能的影响。确定的复配缓蚀剂最佳配方为:0.70%曼尼希碱,0.10%OP-10,0.20%SO。结果表明,经过复配的缓蚀剂缓蚀效果和抑雾效率均比单独添加曼尼希碱有明显的提高,在60℃20%HCl中,曼尼希碱质量分数为0.5%时,Q235钢的腐蚀速率为1.58g/(m2.h),缓蚀率达到99.31%,抑雾率为80.53%;本复配缓蚀剂是以抑制阳极为主的混合型缓蚀剂,具有良好的耐高温性能。     

烷基三唑类缓蚀剂的合成及对N80碳钢的缓蚀性能

目前,对引入长链烷基的三唑类缓蚀剂在盐酸中对金属缓蚀性能的研究尚存在着较大的空白。合成并探讨了烷基三唑类缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀作用机理,采用失重法和电化学法测试评价了3种不同碳链长度的三唑类缓蚀剂对N80碳钢在盐酸中的缓蚀性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了其缓蚀前后的表面形貌。结果表明:3种缓蚀剂均能有效抑制盐酸对N80碳钢的腐蚀,为阴极抑制型缓蚀剂,在N80碳钢表面的吸附服从Langmuir等温吸附模型;在较低温度下,缓蚀剂碳链越长,缓蚀性能越好;缓蚀剂分子中吸附基团的比例随着碳链的增长而降低,随着温度的增加,缓蚀剂分子热运动加剧,吸附能力降低,碳链较短的缓蚀剂高温条件下能达到更高的缓蚀率。     

绿色气相缓蚀剂的复配及其缓蚀性能研究

目的 为解决单组分绿色气相缓蚀剂缓蚀性能差的问题,复配一种绿色复合气相缓蚀剂,探究其对碳钢和黄铜金属试样的缓蚀作用。方法 采用腐蚀质量损失、接触角、电化学等试验测试分析复合气相缓蚀剂对碳钢、黄铜的缓蚀效果与成膜耐久性。结果 复合气相缓蚀剂对10号钢、H62黄铜的缓蚀效率分别为84.71%、91.67%,缓蚀性能显著优于单组分气相缓蚀剂;复合气相缓蚀剂在10号钢、H62黄铜表面均形成了缓蚀膜,H62黄铜表面形成的缓蚀膜较10号钢的更具耐久性。结论 与单组分气相缓蚀剂相比,该复合气相缓蚀剂对碳钢、黄铜均具备良好的缓蚀作用,为绿色气相缓蚀剂的防锈包装应用提供支撑。     

海水介质中复配型水杨醛类席夫碱对碳钢的缓蚀作用

为了研究复配型水杨醛类席夫碱在碳钢表面的缓蚀机理和缓蚀行为,利用电化学方法和表面分析技术测试了碳钢在加入缓蚀剂前后的海水介质中的极化曲线、交流阻抗谱和微观形貌,计算了缓蚀率。结果表明:复配型水杨醛类席夫碱具有明显的缓蚀效果;碳钢表面形成了缓蚀膜,其原子与碳钢表面铁原子相互结合。     

盐酸介质中十二烷基苯并三氮唑对碳钢的缓蚀作用

研究了十二烷基苯并三氮唑(DBcs)阳离子表面活性剂的缓蚀性能.通过失重法、极化曲线和SEM考察了该表面活性剂在1.0 mol/L HCl中对碳钢的缓蚀效果,并对缓蚀机理进行了讨论.结果表明:在温度为40℃时,随缓蚀剂DBCS浓度的增加,缓蚀效率增加.当浓度为30 mg/L时该表面活性剂即表现出优异的缓蚀性能,腐蚀速率仅为2.3 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率达98.9%.扫描电镜显示该表面活性剂可在碳钢表面形成致密完整的吸附保护膜,阻碍碳钢的腐蚀.极化曲线表明,该表面活性剂属于阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂.     

糠醛对碳钢缓蚀性能的研究

采用失重法研究了糠醛对碳钢的缓蚀性能。实验表明30 ℃，4 h条件下，在5% 的盐酸中，糠醛具有较强的缓蚀作用，与六次甲基四胺复配缓蚀效果增强。通过研究找到了糠醛在碳钢上的吸附等温式，计算出碳钢溶解的表观活化能，研究了糠醛在碳钢上的吸附机理。研究表明糠醛为混合控制型缓蚀剂。     

阳离子碳氟、碳氢表面活性剂对Q235钢在HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能

氟碳表面活性剂在酸性介质中具有缓蚀作用,目前,对其作金属缓蚀剂的研究未见报道。研究了阳离子碳氟表面活性剂FCI-3和碳氢表面活性剂CTAB在1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用。通过静态失重法、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱及扫描电镜对表面活性剂不同浓度时的缓蚀性能进行了对比研究。结果显示:FCI-3和CTAB表面活性剂对碳钢的缓蚀机理均属"几何覆盖效应"和混合型缓蚀剂,后者以抑制阳极反应为主,二者的缓蚀效率均随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大;FCI-3的缓蚀性能比CTAB的好。     

马齿苋提取液对盐酸溶液中Q235碳钢的缓蚀作用

为了开发新型环境友好的天然缓蚀剂,采用索氏提取法提取马齿苋中的有效成分,采用失重法、动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗研究了不同浓度马齿苋提取液在1.0 mol/L盐酸溶液中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀作用及机理。结果表明:马齿苋提取液在盐酸介质中对碳钢具有良好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率随缓蚀剂浓度增大而升高,30℃下当提取液的浓度达到0.16 g/m L时,其缓蚀效率可达91%以上;随温度升高,马齿苋提取液对碳钢的缓蚀效率降低;马齿苋提取液是一种抑制阴阳极反应的混合型缓蚀剂,有效成分吸附在碳钢表面形成一层保护膜,吸附过程遵循Langmuir等温方程式,其在碳钢表面的吸附属于自发过程,是以化学吸附为主的物理和化学吸附共同作用的过程。     

Contact Durability of Bit Steels in Washing Aqueous Drilling Solutions

It is shown that the contact durability of a new 20KhGNBTChA low-alloy steel in aqueous and mud washing solutions is, respectively, 1.5 and 1.73 times higher than the durability of the 20KhNA commercial bit steel. The roller bearings of drill bits operating in aggressive media should be made of 20KhGNBTChA steel thermally processed to obtain the structure of lower bainite with the lowest susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. We propose the most efficient additives of surfactants to drilling solutions guaranteeing high lubricating characteristics of these solutions, inhibiting the anodic and cathodic processes in the course of friction, and increasing the contact durability of bit steels.     

Formation of water-soluble and biocompatible TOPO-capped CdSe quantum dots with efficient photoluminescence

In this work, polysorbate surfactants with same functional groups but with varying molecular masses (Tween-80, Tween-40 and Tween-20) in different concentrations (0.1% to 20% w/w) were used to study the effect of the length of the surfactant chain on the luminescence of the entrapped TOPO-capped CdSe nanocrystals. Various phospholipids with different functional headgroups such as ethylene glycol (-PEG) and amine (-NH2) were used to improve biocompatibility and provide sites for bioconjugation respectively. It is understood that that the hydrophobic ends of the surfactant binds with the water repelling groups of the cap layer, thus modifying the CdSe cap layer and making it soluble in aqueous media. It was observed that the PL emission intensity of CdSe increases with increase in concentration of Tween-series surfactant unlike in the case of thiol-coated CdSe nanoparticles. However, higher PL intensity was obtained in the case of stoichiometric CdSe with Tween-40 corresponding to 20% w/w. The efficient PL sustainability of water-soluble CdSe QD's can be attributed to the simpler chain structure of Tween-40 surfactant resulting in better passivation of the micelle.     

羧甲基化植物胶粉反相乳液的稳定性

研究了含固相羧甲基化植物胶粉的反相乳液的稳定性。以span-80和op-10为复合乳化剂,液体石蜡为连续相,水溶性单体丙烯酰胺和羧甲基化植物胶粉为水相制备了乳液体系,考察了乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)、乳化剂浓度、水相比、植物胶粉含量、pH值及温度对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,胶粉用量和pH值影响较小,最佳的稳定条件为:HLB为7.36,乳化剂浓度为0.045g/mL油相,水相比小于60%,温度低于60℃。     

Corrosion inhibition of benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride and its ethoxylate on steel in sulphuric acid solution

The inhibitive effect of benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride (BTAC) and ethoxylated benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride (EBTAC) on the corrosion of carbon steel in sulphuric acid solution is measured by the weight loss method. The adsorption of these compounds (surfactants) leads to the formation of a monolayer on the metal surface. The relationships between the concentrations of these inhibitors and their surface properties, thermodynamic properties, surface coverage (θ) and inhibiting efficiency have been investigated. The results indicate that EBTAC is superior to BTAC.     

Synthesis of a new family of Schiff base nonionic surfactants and evaluation of their corrosion inhibition effect on X-65 type tubing steel in deep oil wells formation water

Some new Schiff base nonionic surfactants were synthesized and characterized using FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition effect of the synthesized surfactants on X-65 type tubing steel in deep oil wells formation water has been studied by polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements. Polarization data indicate that the selected surfactants act as mixed type (cathodic/anodic) inhibitors. EIS results show that the change in impedance parameters with the concentration of the surfactants studied is indicative of the adsorption of surfactant molecules on carbon steel surface. The adsorption of the inhibitors was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Effect of temperature on the efficiency of the corrosion inhibition process was studied and the values of activation energy, enthalpy of activation and entropy of activation were calculated and discussed. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the surfactants is correlated with surface tension measurements data. The protective film formed on the carbon steel surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDX) techniques.     

Phase behavior characterization of propylene glycol, white petrolatum, surfactant ointments

Ointment vehicles consisting of moderate amounts of propylene glycol (5-10%) and large amounts of white petrolatum (greater than 80%) were investigated by determining the ternary phase behavior between these two components and each of five surfactants exhibiting a range of physical properties. The commercial anionic surfactant Pationic SSL performed better as an emulsifier for propylene glycol and white petrolatum than did Lexamul 515, Lexamul AR, Arlacel 20, or Grilloten ZT 40. From this study a formulation consisting of 7% propylene glycol, 90% petrolatum, and 3% Pationic SSL was considered to be an optimized propylene glycol/white petrolatum ointment base.     

Phase behavior characterization of propylene glycol,white petrolatum,surfactant ointments

Abstract

Ointment vehicles consisting of moderate amounts of propylene glycol (5–10%) and large amounts of white petrolatum (greater than 80%) were investigated by determining the ternary phase behavior between these two components and each of five surfactants exhibiting a range of physical properties. The commercial anionic surfactant Pationic SSL performed better as an emulsifier for propylene glycol and white petrolatum than did Lexamul 515, Lexamul AR, Arlacel 20, or Grilloten ZT 40. From this study a formulation consisting of 7% propylene glycol, 90% petrolatum, and 3% Pationic SSL was considered to be an optimized propylene glycol/white petrolatum ointment base.     

油田碳钢管道材质耐蚀性分析及腐蚀防治

分析了某油田常用的碳钢材质原油管道的腐蚀行为,对20钢、20G钢和L360N钢3种材质进行了化学成分分析、金相检验、电化学测试、高温高压釜腐蚀试验以及现场穿孔统计。结果表明:管道材质的化学成分中Cr、Mo、Ni、Nb、Si、Ti等含量相对较高、组织晶粒度更小时会提高其耐蚀性;在该油田腐蚀工况下,20钢的腐蚀速率最大、穿孔频次最高,20G钢和L360N钢次之;提出了腐蚀监测、"碳钢+缓蚀剂"防腐蚀模式和泄漏报警的腐蚀防治措施。     

非离子表面活性剂在炭黑水性体系吸附的研究进展

从炭黑微观结构和形态出发,综述了6种非离子表面活性剂在炭黑水性体系中的吸附性能。聚醚型表面活性剂在炭黑/水界面上的吸附等温曲线都符合Langmuir型,而癸基甲基亚砜在炭黑/水界面上的吸附等温曲线呈双平台型。展望了制备稳定炭黑水性分散体系的发展方向。     

氯化物微酸性光亮镀锌的研究现状

详述了光亮剂在氯化物微酸性镀锌过程中的作用,认为主光亮剂应是共轭体系的芳香族醛类或者酮类如苄叉丙酮等;载体光亮剂应为非离了表面活性剂（OP,平平加等）与阴离子表面活性剂的联合体。为了提高载体光亮剂的增溶性、润湿性、高浊点等特性,建议采用几种不同碳数和不同聚合度（n）的非离子表面活性剂及其磺化产物,详细讨论了影响浊点的诸因素（磺化剂浓度与OP或平平加的比例、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂以及盐析等）。扼要介绍了采用载波扫描法、线性扫描伏安法、电位阶跃法等电化学方法与正电子湮没、X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等技术研究光亮剂各组分对锌电结晶过程的影响,讨论了电结晶机理。