Galileo改正电离层折射误差高阶项的方法

在研究电离层折射对Galileo测量的影响及电离层折射误差模型的基础上,针对Galileo系统中的4个频率,提出运用四频观测值将电离层折射误差改正至三阶项的方法,并推导了四频载波相位观测值无电离层折射组合方程,从而进一步提高了Galileo的定位精度。     

伽利略电离层改正模型的精度对比分析

针对半经验电离层模型NeQuick模型中NeQuick2模型研究较少的现状,文章介绍了NeQuick2模型的算法,分析了NeQuick2模型与NeQuick1模型的差别:利用低、中、高纬度测站的全球定位系统观测数据获得的斜路径电子总含量作为参考,对NeQuick2模型和NeQuick1模型进行了精度对比分析。结果表明NeQuick2模型的精度显著优于NeQuick1模型,平均改善约4TECU。     

BDS-3新频率与Galileo单频组合伪距单点定位精度分析

为对比分析北斗三号(BDS-3)/Galileo相同频率伪距单点定位精度,基于MGEX(Multi-GNSS Experiment)分布的跟踪站实测数据,分析了BDS-3、Galileo以及BDS-3/Galileo单系统单频、双系统相同频率组合和非相同频率组合伪距单点定位精度.经研究发现,BDS-3/Galileo相...     

Galileo电离层折射误差高阶项的四频改正方法

研究了电离层对Galileo观测信号的主要影响及电离层折射误差模型。针对Galileo中的四个频率,系统推导了四个频率的电离层改正模型及相位观测值无电离层组合(LC组合)模型。该模型将电离层折射误差模型改正至三阶项,可进一步提高Galileo定位精度,同时,为Galileo定位提供了有力的技术手段。     

EGNOS电离层延迟改正数分析

EGNOS是一个广域增强系统,向用户提供电离层改正数是其服务内容的一部分。本文分析了EGNOS电离层改正数的结构,介绍了用户的电离层改正数算法流程。结合EGNOS在中国测试的实际数据,对EGNOS电离层改正数进行了分析。通过对EGNOS的电离层改正数分析可以为我国的广域增强系统提供技术参考。     

三种电离层延迟多频修正算法的比较

电离层延迟多频修正算法在修正电离层延迟的同时会放大观测噪声等伪距误差的影响。分析了电离层延迟双频修正、三频一阶修正和三频二阶修正三种修正算法及观测噪声的影响。以Galileo系统的四个载波频率为例,对不同频率组合下三种修正算法进行了比较。结果表明电离层延迟多频修正中,并不是观测量的频点数越多或修正掉的高阶项越多修正精度越高,还与观测伪距噪声的大小以及采用的修正方法有关。为多频测距系统的电离层延迟修正算法和最佳频率组合设计提供了一种可行的分析方法。     

接收机天线相位中心改正对Galileo定位精度的影响分析

针对接收机天线相位中心与天线参考点ARP不一致引起的测量误差,从距离域和位置域分析其对定位精度的影响.同时,顾及IGS未提供接收机端Galileo天线相位中心改正,采用GPS的天线相位中心改正近似替代,并进行精密单点定位和静态相对定位.结果表明,天线相位中心偏差引起测距的误差可达1 dm,应当改正;采用近似PCO与PCV改正后,PPP垂向偏差由dm-cm级提高到mm级,不同接收机天线相对定位的垂向偏差由cm级提高到mm级,近似替代策略可明显改善Galileo精密定位的精度.     

基于神经网络的区域电离层模型及其在单频PPP中的应用

基于武汉市CORS系统的双频非差载波相位观测数据,利用改进的神经网络方法建立区域电离层模型,并通过单频GPS精密单点定位的计算实例来分析该模型的精度。计算实例表明,当基准站间的距离小于100km时,基于神经网络的区域电离层模型的平均外符合精度为0．03m,对于时段长度为4h的单频PPP静态时段解可以达到厘米级的定位精度。     

BDS/Galileo四频精密单点定位模型性能分析与比较

北斗卫星导航系统和Galileo卫星系统都可以提供4个频率信号上的服务。本文通过与双频无电离层模型（DF）比较,评估分析了4种BDS/Galileo四频PPP模型性能,即四频无电离层双组合模型（QF1）、四频无电离层组合模型（QF2）、四频非差非组合模型（QF3）和附加电离层约束四频非差非组合模型（QF4）,同时通过等价性原则理论上证明了QF1、QF2、QF3模型的等价性。此外,用1个月参考站的静态数据和1组动态数据分析了四频静态,仿动态和动态PPP性能。试验结果表明,BDS-3 B1C和B2a新频点伪距噪声要略大于B1I和B3I信号,Galileo卫星4个频率上的伪距噪声相差并不明显。对于静态和仿动态PPP模型,QF1、QF2和QF3模型定位性能基本上一致。通过附加外部电离层约束,四频PPP模型性能受到影响,BDS（BDS-2+BDS-3）静态QF4模型相比于QF1、QF2和QF3模型平均收敛时间分别减少了4.4%、4.4%和5.4%,Galileo静态Q4模型平均收敛时间相比于Q3模型增加了16.8 min。对于动态PPP,四频PPP模型相比于双频PPP性能得到提升显著,相比于QF1模型,BDS和Galileo单系统QF4模型三维定位精度分别提高了11.4%和31.4%。BDS/Galileo双系统PPP性能要优于单系统PPP。     

Potentialities of multifrequency ionospheric correction in Global Navigation Satellite Systems

The first-order ionospheric error is reduced in the dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In this paper, the possibility of eliminating ionospheric higher-order errors in the multifrequency GNSS is explored. Since the second-order error associated with the geomagnetic field effect on the refractive index can be eliminated in dual-frequency measurements, we explore the possibility of eliminating third-order errors in triple-frequency GNSS in view of phase scintillations. A connection between the possibility of improving the multifrequency GNSS accuracy and diffraction effects in radio signal propagation through the randomly inhomogeneous ionosphere is shown. The numerical simulation has revealed that the systematic, residual ionospheric error is considerably reduced when we pass on from dual-frequency to triple-frequency measurements. The change in the residual error variance during such a transition depends however on the relationship between the inner scale of the turbulent spectrum of ionospheric irregularities and the Fresnel radius. Given the inner scale larger than the Fresnel radius, not only the systematic error, but also the standard deviation reduces when we pass on from dual-frequency to triple-frequency measurements. Otherwise, when the Fresnel radius exceeds the inner scale, the variance increases with increasing number of frequencies in use.     

Galileo系统频率和信号设计现状

介绍了Galileo系统频率和信号设计方案。对Galileo系统选用的信号频段、各频段的中心频率、码率等主要参数、Galileo系统服务与信号的对应关系进行了研究。并对Galileo系统和GPS系统的兼容性和协同工作性进行了比较分析。     

网络RTK的电离层折射估算与改正

本文讨论了目前几类电离层延迟模型,分析了其改正效果,针对网络RTK的特点,给出了一种适合网络RTK定位的电离层延迟估算和处理方法,首先对基准站网的垂直电子总量计算,然后内插用户站处的垂直电子总量,进行估算用户电离层延迟和改正。实验证明,该方法可以取得较理想的网络RTK定位结果。     

Higher-order ionospheric effects in GPS time and frequency transfer

In high-precision geodetic time and frequency transfer, which requires precise modeling of code and carrier phase GPS data, the ionosphere-free combinations P ₃ and L ₃ of the codes and carrier phases, made on the two GPS frequencies, are used to remove the first-order ionospheric effect. We quantify the impact of the residual second- and third-order ionospheric effects on geodetic time and frequency transfer solutions for continental and intercontinental baselines. All time transfer computations are done using the ATOMIUM software, developed at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. In order to avoid contamination by some imperfect modeling of the second- and third-order ionospheric effects in the satellite clock products, only single-difference, common-view processing is used, based on code and carrier phase measurements. The results are shown for weak and strong solar activity, as well as for particular epochs of ionospheric storms. Second-order ionospheric delays can lead to corrections up to about 10 ps in the common-view clock solution of intercontinental baselines with very different longitudes. However, realistic values of the geomagnetic field in the ionosphere are required to assess the amplitude of second-order ionospheric effects in time and frequency transfer during an ionospheric storm.     

BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS/Galileo双频精密单点定位精度分析与评价

由于北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)已完成正式组网,有必要对BDS的定位性能进行精度评估与分析. 本文主要通过在MGEX (Multi-GNSS Experiment)选取8个测站5天的观测数据,以北斗二号/北斗三号(BDS-2/BDS-3)为主分析BDS-2/BDS-3、BDS-2/BDS-3/Galileo、BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS、BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS/Galileo四种不同组合卫星系统静态精密单点定位(PPP)性能,试验结果表明:BDS-2/BDS-3静态PPP在东(E)、北(N)、天顶(U)方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于2.49 cm、2.27 cm、4.04 cm和34.6 min、19.3 min、28.1 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/Galileo静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.81 cm、1.65 cm、2.94 cm和20.4 min、13.0 min、18.6 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.67 cm、1.62 cm、2.82 cm和18.3 min、10.2 min、16.1 min;BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS/Galileo静态PPP在E、N、U方向上的定位精度和收敛速度分别优于1.46 cm、1.40 cm、2.45 cm和14.5 min、9.3 min、14.5 min.      

MVMD-ARMA残差修正电离层预测模型的研究及应用

针对变分模态分解端点效应处理方法的缺陷和分解过程中需要人为地控制输入参数,会严重影响预测结果,且ARMA模型本身在极值点附近预测精度就不高的问题,该文提出了MVMD-ARMA残差修正电离层预测模型,加强对分解时端点效应的控制,并通过阈值条件,自动选取最优参数,且对预测结果进行了残差修正。实验结果表明,改进模型的绝对残差均值为0.95TECU,分别比ARMA模型和VMD-ARMA模型小0.20TECU和0.11TECU;残差标准差均值为0.67,分别比ARMA模型和VMD-ARMA模型小0.17和0.09;平均相对精度的均值为88.64%,分别比ARMA模型和VMD-ARMA模型高2.56%和2.23%。     

长距离网络RTK区域电离层延迟实时改正

针对网络RTK基线过长时电离层延迟的相关性就会减弱的问题,本文提出了一种长距离网络RTK区域电离延迟改正模型。首先利用已知载波值和确定的非差参考模糊度计算基准站的电离层延迟,进而传播至流动站,最后内插计算流动站电离层延迟,得到电离层延迟改正。通过实测CORS数据进行验证,结果表明,该算法可使长距离网络RTK达到厘米级精度的定位结果。     

Application of SWACI products as ionospheric correction for single-point positioning: a comparative study

In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) using L-band frequencies, the ionosphere causes signal delays that correspond with link related range errors of up to 100 m. In a first order approximation the range error is proportional to the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. Whereas this first order range error can be corrected in dual-frequency measurements by a linear combination of carrier phase- or code-ranges of both frequencies, single-frequency users need additional information to mitigate the ionospheric error. This information can be provided by TEC maps deduced from corresponding GNSS measurements or by ionospheric models. In this paper we discuss and compare different ionospheric correction methods for single-frequency users. The focus is on the comparison of the positioning quality using dual-frequency measurements, the Klobuchar model, the NeQuick model, the IGS TEC maps, the Neustrelitz TEC Model (NTCM-GL) and the reconstructed NTCM-GL TEC maps both provided via the ionosphere data service SWACI (http://swaciweb.dlr.de) in near real-time. For that purpose, data from different locations covering several days in 2011 and 2012 are investigated, including periods of quiet and disturbed ionospheric conditions. In applying the NTCM-GL based corrections instead of the Klobuchar model, positioning accuracy improvements up to several meters have been found for the European region in dependence on the ionospheric conditions. Further in mid- and low-latitudes the NTCM-GL model provides results comparable to NeQuick during the considered time periods. Moreover, in regions with a dense GNSS ground station network the reconstructed NTCM-GL TEC maps are partly at the same level as the final IGS TEC maps.     

Klobuchar电离层延迟改正模型精化方法的研究

在GPS导航定位中,单频接收机利用导航电文发播的Klobuchar电离层改正模型对电离层误差进行改正,但改正效果不太理想,为了提高其改正精度,并利用它进行电离层实时预报,我们通过电离层电子含量实测数据,对其进行精化,以满足要求。本文在原有Klobuchar电离层改正模型精化的基础之上,提出了一种新的精化方法,并对两种方法进行了比较研究,结果表明这两种精化方法对电离层的改正均有很好地提高,且本文提出的方法更优良。     

Satellite Doppler solutions in terms of a single parameter

By an appropriate combination of the integrated doppler counts for a motionless ground station over two consecutive arcs, of a satellite path, it is possible to obtain a linear mathematical model relating the coordinates of the ground station to the observations. In this mathematical model, the involvement of the fourth unknown of the problem—the frequency off-set parameter, is, however, not linear. By application of the least squares technique, the solutions for the coordinates are obtained as analytical functions of the frequency off-set, parameter only. These, in turn, reduce the basic formula for the doppler count to be an implicit function of the same single variable. The value of the variable which provides the best fit of this function with the observed doppler counts, minimizing the sum of squares of the deviations for all involved pairs of satellite positions is the best value for the unknown frequency off-set parameter and an iterative technique is devised to compute this value. The desired values for the coordinates of the ground station can then be obtained by substitution of the best value of the frequency off-set parameter into the corresponding formula, and correcting for reducing the effects of the random noise in the observed dopple data.