镍基自熔合金喷熔试验

选用Ni60、Ni25自熔性合金粉末作为喷焊层材料,以45钢为基材,进行了氧-乙炔焰"两步法"喷焊工艺试验研究.结果表明,镍基Ni60、Ni25氧乙炔焰喷焊过程中,镜面反光现象明显,温度易于控制,喷焊后喷层表面质量优良,光洁平整.Ni60、Ni25喷层与基体均呈冶金结合,形成了明显的扩散转移层,结合强度高,重熔后原有层状结构消失,喷层组织致密、气孔率极小、硬度高.喷焊后45钢基体近表面组织粗化,说明重熔温度对基体组织性能有一定的影响.     

SiCp/6092Al复合材料搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳行为研究

为获得高质量、疲劳性能优异的SiCp/6092Al复合材料搅拌摩擦焊接头,对3 mm厚的T6态SiCp/6092Al复合材料轧制板材分别在50 mm/min的低焊速和800 mm/min的高焊速下进行搅拌摩擦焊接,转速恒为1000 r/min,研究焊速对接头的组织演变及拉伸性能、高周疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,高焊速接头表面"鱼鳞纹"较明显,且横截面方向的焊核区形貌与低焊速接头具有一定差异。焊速增加显著提高了FSW接头的硬度和拉伸强度,而对于未打磨表面的接头却未能提高接头的疲劳极限,低焊速下接头的高周疲劳极限为150 MPa,高焊速下接头的高周疲劳极限降为140 MPa。不同循环应力加载下,试样表现出不同的断裂方式。高应力下,低焊速接头由表面"鱼鳞纹"凹痕引起疲劳断裂,而高焊速接头是由焊核区底部的涡旋区流动不充分引起断裂。在低应力下,未打磨试样均由接头表面"鱼鳞纹"凹痕引起疲劳断裂,三维表面形貌显示高焊速接头表面粗糙度较大是造成疲劳极限较低的原因。与未打磨试样相比,经过打磨抛光后的接头光滑表面试样的疲劳极限提高了40～65 MPa,且高焊速下的光滑试样表现出更高的疲劳极限(205 MPa),光滑表面接头在疲劳测试时均在最低硬度区及其附近区域发生断裂。     

固井水泥车柱塞表面热喷焊强化技术

采用两步法氧乙炔火焰喷焊技术对固井水泥车柱塞表面进行强化,使其表面形成Ni60自熔性合金涂层。设计了喷焊强化工艺,并对喷焊合金层进行了重锤冲击试验、微观组织分析、硬度及磨损试验。结果表明,喷焊层组织致密,喷焊层与基材之间结合强度高并产生微冶金结合;软基体上分布着硬质相硼化物和碳化物,使喷焊层的硬度和耐磨性明显提高;该强化工艺可满足柱塞的技术使用要求,工艺简单、涂层质量高、成本低,对柱塞表面修复强化具有广泛的应用前景。     

超声冲击对转向架焊接十字接头表层组织及疲劳性能的影响

采用HJ2-Ⅱ型超声冲击机对转向架常用16MnR钢十字接头焊趾进行超声冲击处理.采用高分辨透射电镜对冲击后的十字接头焊趾区域表面微观组织进行了分析,利用EHF-EM200K2-070-1A疲劳试验机对16MnR焊态和超声冲击态十字接头进行了疲劳性能的对比试验研究.结果表明,超声冲击后在焊趾及其附近区域获得纳米化组织,超声冲击前后接头试样均断于焊趾;焊态十字接头的条件疲劳极限(2×106)为158 MPa,冲击态十字接头的条件疲劳极限(2×106)为236 MPa,条件疲劳极限提高了49%左右,接头的疲劳寿命延长了45～52倍.超声冲击在提高16MnR十字接头疲劳性能方面具有显著的效果.     

30CrMo合金钢摩擦焊接头疲劳性能的研究

通过对30Cr Mo合金钢摩擦焊接头焊态与焊后调质态(淬火+回火)分别进行疲劳、断口扫描分析等试验,以确定30Cr Mo合金钢摩擦焊的可行性,特别是摩擦焊接头的疲劳性能。研究结果表明:30Cr Mo合金钢摩擦焊接头质量优良,且边缘及中心的疲劳极限相近,调质处理后接头边缘及中心的疲劳极限显著提高,分别提高了37%和32%。     

超声波冲击法对转向架用P355NL1钢对接接头性能的影响

以转向架构架常用材料P355NL1钢为研究对象,采用超声波冲击法对转向架构架用P355NL1钢对接接头焊趾处进行处理,对处理前、后的试样性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,经过超声冲击,组织明显细化,冲击处理10 min,表面变形层厚度约为170μm,但接头静载拉伸性能不会有明显改变。在循环寿命N为1×107循环次数下,P355NL1钢焊态的条件疲劳极限值为195 MPa,超声波冲击态的条件疲劳极限为265 MPa,疲劳极限提高了36%。在相同应力水平条件下,P355NL1钢对接接头超声冲击态的疲劳寿命是焊态接头的12~15倍。     

WC添加量对Ni60基合金粉末喷焊层耐磨耐蚀性的影响

采用"一步法"氧气-乙炔火焰喷焊技术,在Q235钢基体上分别喷焊Ni60、Ni60+20%WC和Ni60+35%WC三种合金粉末,对喷焊层进行了金相观察、硬度试验和干摩擦磨损、腐蚀磨损试验,分析了三种合金粉末的喷焊层的金相组织,探讨了WC加入量对喷焊层硬度以及对喷焊层耐磨耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,WC含量升高,Ni60基合金粉末喷焊层的耐磨耐蚀性提高。     

热扩散对高铝青铜等离子喷焊层组织及摩擦性能的影响

在不同温度下对45号钢基材上制备的高铝青铜等离子喷焊层进行热扩散处理,研究喷焊层与基体之间元素扩散对喷焊层组织及摩擦性能的影响。采用OM、XRD、SEM、EDS分析喷焊层表面、界面组织结构及Fe、Al元素界面扩散;采用拉伸法测定喷焊层结合强度;采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试喷焊层摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:热扩散处理使喷焊层组织成分偏析情况得到改善;喷焊层的冶金结合带变宽,产生明显的元素扩散现象,在650℃热扩散处理之后喷焊层结合强度达448.93 MPa;480℃热扩散处理后的喷焊层摩擦性能最稳定、磨损量最低,硬、软质相形态分布及Fe元素含量两种摩擦性能影响因素达到有机结合,获得最佳的耐磨减摩性能;喷焊层经热扩散处理后磨损机制均为以磨粒磨损为主,局部存在粘着磨损及疲劳磨损。     

NiCr-Cr_3C_2/Ni60B等离子喷焊层的组织与性能

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度计等研究了Ni Cr-Cr3C2添加量、喷焊层数对H13钢表面Ni60B等离子喷焊层显微组织与性能的影响。研究表明:随着Ni Cr-Cr3C2添加量增加,喷焊层硬质颗粒相明显增多,组织更加细密和均匀。当添加10%Ni Cr-Cr3C2时,其显微硬度可达基材的4倍以上;喷焊层数增加,喷焊层出现明显的分层现象,且组织也变得不均匀,显微硬度下降;熔合区白色胞状晶粒为部分熔化的残留基材晶粒,柱状树枝晶区为联生结晶和以基材残晶为核心的"包覆结晶"共同作用的结果,与现有研究结果不同;喷焊层主相均为Cr2Ni3、(Ni,Fe)、Fe Ni3、(Fe,C)、Cr23C6,硬质强化相Cr2Ni3、Cr23C6、B2Fe3Ni3、Fe23B等显著提高了喷焊层的力学性能。     

焊接接头超声波冲击消应力处理疲劳性能分析

以核电常用Q345B材料为研究对象,进行超声波冲击消应力处理,以1×10~7次的循环寿命进行了焊态及超声波冲击态焊缝接头疲劳性能测试。疲劳断裂断口具有疲劳断裂特征,疲劳纹清晰,焊缝表面成形对疲劳断裂影响明显,经超声波冲击后的焊缝疲劳强度提高19.4%,超声波冲击对焊接接头疲劳性能有较大的改善。     

钢经热喷涂后的腐蚀疲劳行为

<正> 热喷涂技术广泛用于修复磨损件,并可提高工件的耐磨、耐蚀及耐热性能。有些工件除经受摩擦、腐蚀外还承受动载作用,因而人们关心经表面喷涂后材料的疲劳行为。以前的工作指出,等离子喷涂或火焰喷涂都降低材料的疲劳强度。本工作采用二次重熔的火焰喷焊工艺以改善喷涂件的疲劳性能、并研究了喷涂后的腐蚀疲劳行为.     

高强度抽油杆用钢的腐蚀疲劳行为

研究了高强度抽油杆用钢３８ＭｎＣｒＮｉＭｏ经８９０°Ｃ×１ｈ空冷＋６０００Ｃ×１ｈ空冷（回火）及８９０°Ｃ×１ｈ空冷（正火）处理后，在空气、蒸馏水和３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率（ＦＣＧＲ）及外加极化电位对ＦＣＧＲ的影响，并对腐蚀疲劳（ＣＦ）断口及金相组织进行了微观分析。结果表明，该钢经两种工艺热处理后在中性水溶液中疲劳裂纹扩展均属氢脆（ＨＥ）机制。由于回火样强度较低，塑性较好，对ＨＥ敏感性较低，所以具有较高的疲劳抗力，ＦＣＧＲ较低。文中就ＣＦ过程中裂纹扩展对ＨＥ的敏感性进行了讨论。     

飞机蒙皮涂层对LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响

研究了飞机蒙皮涂层对LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳行为的影响,比较了裸样与涂层试样在空气、3.5%NaCl溶液中的寿命变化规律,记录了自腐蚀电位随循环周次的变化,并通过定量分析,给出了裸样与涂层试样在一定实验条件下的腐蚀疲劳寿命表达式,结果表明涂层使LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳寿命得到明显提高.     

Corrosion fatigue behavior of a steel with sprayed coatings

This paper describes the corrosion fatigue behavior and fracture mechanisms of a steel with different sprayed coatings. Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted in 3% NaCl solution using specimens of a medium carbon steel with sprayed coatings of a ceramic (Cr₂O₃), a cermet (WC-12%Co) and two metals (Ni-11 % P and Al-2% Zn). The corrosion fatigue process was basically the same for ceramic, cermet, and Ni-11 % P sprayed specimens. That is, the corrosive media could be supplied from the specimen surface to the substrate through cracks initiated during fatigue cycling and/or pores in the coatings, and thus corrosion pits were generated followed by subsequent crack initiation and growth in the substrate. The corrosion fatigue strength of ceramic sprayed specimens was slightly improved compared to that of the substrate steel because the under-coating (Ni-5%A1) could impede the penetration of the corrosive media although the ceramic coating had a poor resistance to cracking under cyclic loading. Cermet sprayed specimens also exhibited improved corrosion fatigue strength because of the high resistance to cracking and the low volume fraction of pores of the coating. In Ni-11 % Psprayed specimens, cracks were initiated in the coating even at low stress levels; thus the corrosion fatigue strength was the same as that of the substrate. Anodic dissolution took place in Al-2 % Zn coating because the coating was electrochemically poor, and thus the substrate was cathodically protected. Therefore, the corrosion fatigue strength of Al-2 % Zn sprayed specimens was enhanced to as high as the fatigue strength of the substrate in room air. Based on the experimental results, a dual-layer coating consisting of WC-12%Co and Al-2%Zn was fatigue tested. The coating was effective at low stress levels and exhibited long life under conditions where corrosion fatigue strength was critical.     

Fatigue behavior of welded joint spray fused by nickel-base alloy powder

Modification of spray fusing (MSF), which is a new method, was used to improve the fatigue strength of welded joints. Cruciform welded joint of Q235B steel was processed by MSF with nickel-base alloy powder of Ni60A and Ni25A. The bonding layer between coating and weld was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that flame spray fusing can produce a coating layer with finer microstructure, lower impurities content, less air hole and higher bonding strength. Stress concentration at weld toe was significantly reduced due to smooth coating of high curvature after MSF. High cycle fatigue test results indicate that fatigue strength of welded joint spray fused by Ni60A is higher than that of welded joint spray fused by Ni25A owing to the good effect of MSF. Low cycle fatigue test results show that fatigue life of welded joint spray fused by Ni25A dose not affected by the poor effect of MSF compared with welded joint spray fused by Ni60A.     

Microstructure and properties of AC-HVAF sprayed Ni60/WC composite coating

A Ni60/WC coating was deposited on 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel substrate by the actived combustion-high velocity air fuel (AC-HVAF) technique. The structure and morphologies of the Ni60/WC coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance were studied. The results showed that the AC-HVAF spraying was seen as the pre-eminent process for the deposition of Ni60/WC coating. Due to low particle heating and high particle velocity in the HVAF process, WC phase remain almost unchanged after spraying. The tribological behaviors were evaluated by using a HT-600 wear test rig. Under the same conditions, the worn volume of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel was 10.43 times more than that of the coating. The wear mechanism was mainly fatigue wear. A series of the electrochemical tests was carried out in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution in order to examine the corrosion behavior. Mechanisms for corrosion resistance were discussed.     

微弧表面处理对AZ31B镁合金耐腐蚀及耐腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

采用微弧表面处理技术(微弧氧化MAO和微弧复合MCC)在AZ31B镁合金基体上制备出不同断面结构的防护涂层。通过电化学腐蚀及腐蚀疲劳测试方法,研究了MAO、MCC涂层的电化学腐蚀及腐蚀疲劳性能。结果表明,生长10 min的MAO涂层具有较好的耐电化学腐蚀性能。MAO涂层表面存在微孔和微裂纹,在应力条件下微孔和微裂纹作为疲劳断裂的裂纹萌生点,可加速裂纹的萌生与扩展,使其腐蚀疲劳寿命相较AZ31B合金基体降低了55%。而具有MCC涂层的AZ31B合金试样腐蚀疲劳极限为(64.0±5.4) MPa,比AZ31B合金基体提高了59%。在低应力载荷下(＜80 MPa),微弧复合涂层试样的腐蚀疲劳强度得到明显提高。     

阴极极化对LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响

在LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳寿命曲线的基础上,研究了不同阴极电位下有无涂层试件在3．5％NaCl溶液中腐蚀疲劳寿命的变化规律．记录了一定阴极电位下阴极电流的变化情况．并通过对腐蚀疲劳断裂微观形貌的观察、分析,探讨了阴极极化对有无涂层保护的LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳寿命影响机理．对于无涂层试样,一定范围内的阴极电位会抑制阳极反应,明显提高腐蚀疲劳寿命,但当阴极电位达到一定值时(-1400mV以上),发生铝合金的阴极腐蚀,使腐蚀疲劳寿命显著降低．对于有涂层试样,由于涂层的保护,一定电位值范围的阴极保护作用并不显著,阴极电位超过一定值,涂层阻碍抑制了阴极腐蚀作用,试样腐蚀疲劳寿命较无涂层试样有显著提高。     

300M钢表面冷喷涂锌镍复合涂层性能研究

目的 研究300M高强钢表面的冷喷涂锌镍复合涂层的涂层性能.方法 采用机械混合的方式将锌粉和镍粉进行混合,利用低温气动喷涂技术在300M高强钢表面制备锌镍复合涂层,采用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱和显微硬度测试仪研究涂层的微观组织结构.采用普通中性盐雾加速实验、涂层破损盐雾加速试验及户外暴晒试验,对冷喷涂锌镍涂层的抗腐蚀性能进行综合评价.考核冷喷涂对300M钢基材疲劳性能的影响.结果 根据SEM的表面及截面图片分析,冷啧涂锌镍复合涂层十分致密,且无孔隙及裂纹,涂层的孔隙率平均为0.4％,结合强度40 MPa左右.根据EDS结果分析,锌镍复合涂层中锌的质量分数为85％左右,镍的质量分数为15％左右.锌镍复合涂层的显微硬度为70.8HV0.49.锌镍复合涂层中镍粒子的强化作用,提高了涂层的硬度.冷喷涂锌镍复合涂层具有非常好的抗腐蚀性能,盐雾实验超过770h,即使涂层破损也可以达到600h.户外暴晒实验12个月表面无明显腐蚀,并且冷喷涂对300M钢基材的疲劳性能没有影响.结论 冷喷涂锌镍复合涂层作为抗腐蚀涂层,可以对300M高强钢提供保护.     

环氧沥青基有机涂层对16Mn钢在自然海水中腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响

研究了环氧沥青基有机涂层对16Mn钢腐蚀疲劳(CF)行为的影响.在恒幅疲劳载荷控制下比较了裸样与涂层试样在空气、自然海水及不同阴极保护条件下的寿命变化规律.测量了试样在海水中CF过程自腐蚀电位随循环周次的变化,在不同阴极保护条件下记录了阴极电流随循环周次的变化情况.结果表明,虽然在海水中环氧沥青基有机涂层明显地提高了16Mn钢的CF寿命,但涂层作用机理并非只是简单的介质隔离作用.在不同阴极保护条件下,有涂层试样和无涂层试样表现出了不同的规律,这意味着两者的腐蚀疲劳存在不同的作用机制.海水中的Ca、Mg离子