矢量传感器阵列MIMO雷达高精度二维DOA与极化联合估计

该文采用矢量传感器配置下的十字型阵列MIMO雷达系统,提出一种新的2维高精度DOA与极化参数联合估计算法。首先根据MIMO雷达虚拟阵列导向矢量的特点,通过降维矩阵的设计及回波数据的降维变换,将高维回波数据转换至低维信号空间;然后基于传播算子获得对应信号子空间的估计,利用收、发阵列阵元间长基线对应的旋转不变性和极化矢量中电场矢量和磁场矢量的叉积进行2维高精度DOA估计和解模糊处理,同时利用与阵列结构无关的极化域旋转不变性进行极化辅角和极化相位差的联合估计。该矢量传感器MIMO雷达阵列可同时获取MIMO雷达的波形分集和矢量传感器的极化分集,无需额外增加阵元和硬件开销,能够有效扩展阵列孔径,提高参数估计性能;同时通过降维变换及传播算子,在获取信噪比增益的同时,能够实现2维高精度DOA和2维极化矢量的联合估计及参数的自动配对,有效降低数据处理维数和参数估计的运算复杂度;最后,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性和算法的有效性。     

单快拍数据的分布式二维阵列测角方法研究

该文针对2维阵列波达方向估计问题,提出一种基于单快拍数据的分布式2维DOA估计算法。该算法首先利用每个子阵单元的单快拍数据进行2维Hankle矩阵构造;然后基于2维状态空间平衡法分别获得方位角和俯仰角子阵单元内DOA估计与子阵单元间DOA估计;最后通过解模糊算法获得方位角和俯仰角高精度无模糊DOA估计。该算法较好地解决了子阵单元内DOA估计和子阵单元间DOA估计之间的配对问题以及俯仰角和方位角之间配对问题,充分利用分布式阵列扩展阵列物理孔径特性;同时该算法可直接对相干信号和非相干信号进行处理。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

稀疏拉伸式L型极化敏感阵列的二维波达方向和极化参数联合估计

为降低现有的共心式矢量传感器阵列天线间存在的严重互耦影响,进一步提高参数估计精度,该文提出一种稀疏拉伸式L型极化敏感阵列(SSL-PSA),并针对该阵列提出一种2维波达方向(DOA)和极化参数联合估计算法。首先建立稀疏拉伸式极化敏感阵列的信号模型,然后将阵列划分为6个子阵,采用子空间旋转不变算法(ESPRIT)算法得到多个旋转不变因子(RIFs),再根据旋转不变因子间的关系,通过数学运算,得到一组方向余弦有模糊精估计值和4组无模糊粗估计值;然后重构出对应的4组导向矢量,根据导向矢量和噪声子空间的正交性,确定出正确的一组无模糊粗估计值;最后通过现有的解模糊方法得到高精度且无模糊的DOA和极化参数估计值。该文所提阵列不存在共心结构,相对于现有的含有共心式矢量传感器结构的阵列,大大降低了互耦影响,且可在不增加天线数目的前提下,有效扩展阵列的2维孔径,大大提高DOA估计精度。仿真结果证明该文所提方法的有效性。     

互质阵中基于降维求根的波达角估计算法

该文提出互质阵中基于降维求根的波达角(DOA)估计算法。互质阵包含两个稀疏均匀线性子阵,拥有互质的阵元间距和阵元数目。该算法基于子阵间的互协方差,利用较长子阵中的旋转不变性扩展较短子阵的虚拟孔径。然后通过矩阵分块构造噪声子空间,并将来自两个子阵的2维参数估计问题降维为1维求根问题,获得自动配对的2维模糊参数估计。最后由这2维模糊参数可恢复出两组参数,根据互质性从两组参数估计的交集中可以获得无模糊的高分辨率DOA估计。相比互质阵中的联合多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法和联合旋转不变技术(ESPRIT)算法,该算法无需特征分解,复杂度低,但可获得更精确的DOA估计,处理更多的信源,并且对色噪声有更强的鲁棒性。多个仿真结果均验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于TOEPLITZ重构的压缩感知嵌套阵列DOA估计

针对传统稀疏阵列波达方向（DOA）估计算法在小快拍数、低信噪比和多信源数等条件下的估计精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于TOEPLITZ重构的压缩感知嵌套阵列DOA估计方法。首先利用TOEPLITZ重构方法将虚拟阵列的输出信号向量构建成满秩协方差矩阵,然后利用信号在空间域的稀疏性,将阵列协方差矩阵进行稀疏表示,通过噪声子空间和信号子空间的正交关系构建权值向量,对稀疏向量进行加权约束,最后通过求解最优化方程获取入射信源的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,本文方法比传统稀疏阵列DOA估计算法在低信噪比、小快拍数和多信源数下具有更好的DOA估计性能。     

宽带双圈圆阵二维DOA系统中通道复增益估计方法

本文研究了基于双圈圆阵的二维DOA估计系统中通道复增益的估计问题.通过将阵列分割成子阵的办法,将问题转化为线阵系统中信号方向角和通道增益的联合估计问题.运用信号子空间对信号DOA和通道增益的约束关系,在无校准源时,可以得到通道增益的估计.     

基于时空处理的频率与二维DOA联合估计算法

提出了一种适用于任意阵列的频率与二维DOA联合估计算法.该算法同时利用空域采样与时域采样构造二维时空矩阵,基于2D-ESPRIT方法进行二维参数估计,仅需3个校准阵元就可通过M个阵元估计出M个独立信源的载波频率、方向角和仰角,无需二维谱峰搜索,计算量较小.仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

基于MUSIC和ESPRIT的双基地MIMO雷达角度估计算法

该文基于2阶和4阶统计量,提出了空间高斯白噪声和高斯色噪声的背景下联合MUSIC和ESPRIT的双基地MIMO雷达角度估计算法。在接收端,通过单天线的MUSIC算法和双天线的ESPRIT算法分别估计目标的离开方向(Direction Of Departure, DOD)和波达方向(Direction Of Arrival, DOA),且DOD和DOA自动配对。该方法充分利用了MIMO雷达阵列孔径扩展的特征和ESPRIT的子空间旋转不变性,将2维参数估计问题转化为两个1维形式,降低了运算量和系统复杂度。计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

共形阵列幅相误差校正快速算法

基于子空间的联合迭代算法可以实现对空间信源方位和阵列幅相误差参数的联合估计。当对共形阵列进行幅相误差校正时,由于其空域导向矢量不具有Vander monde结构,导致快速高分辨空间谱估计方法无法直接应用,而利用2维谱峰搜索实现空间方位估计的运算量较大,限制了算法在共形阵列上的应用。针对此问题,该文提出一种借助虚拟阵列实现共形阵列幅相误差校正的新方法。该方法利用虚拟阵列的特殊结构快速实现对信源的DOA估计,省去了谱峰搜索过程,因而运算复杂度低,便于工程实现。理论分析和仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性,可为共形阵列的工程应用提供参考。     

一种基于导向矢量变换的DOA估计预处理方法

针对大多数空间谱估计算法在目标数量大于阵列自由度时失效这一问题,该文基于内插阵列变换思想,提出一种基于导向矢量变换的空域滤波方法。利用目标分布的先验信息,将观测空间划分为若干子空间,保证每一子空间内的目标数量小于阵列自由度;使用内插阵列变换方法,将整个观测空间的导向矢量变换为子空间的导向矢量,抑制子空间外的目标,从而将观测空间内大量目标的DOA估计问题转化为若干子空间内的常规DOA估计问题。计算机仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

Maximum-likelihood parameter estimation of discrete homogeneousrandom fields with mixed spectral distributions

This paper presents a maximum-likelihood solution to the general problem of fitting a parametric model to observations from a single realization of a real valued, 2-D, homogeneous random field with mixed spectral distribution. On the basis of a 2-D Wold-like decomposition, the field is represented as a sum of mutually orthogonal components of three types: purely indeterministic, harmonic, and evanescent. The proposed algorithm provides a complete solution to the joint estimation problem of the random field components. By introducing appropriate parameter transformations, the highly nonlinear least-squares problem that results from the maximization of the likelihood function is transformed into a separable least-squares problem. In this new problem, the solution for the unknown spectral supports of the harmonic and evanescent components reduces the problem of solving for the transformed parameters of the field to linear least squares. Solution of the transformation equations provides a complete solution of the field model parameter estimation problem     

Subspace extension algorithm for 2D DOA estimation with L-shaped sparse array

A subspace extension algorithm for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with an L-shaped array is proposed. This L-shaped array is comprised of two orthogonal sparse linear arrays (SLAs). Each SLA consists of two different uniform linear arrays. The cross-correlation matrix of received data is used to construct two extended signal subspaces, by which the azimuth angles and elevation angles can be estimated independently. The procedure used to extend signal subspace only needs a small amount of calculation. Then, an effective pair-matching method is addressed to pair the estimated elevation angles and azimuth angles. Although the signal subspaces are extended, the complexity of the proposed 2D DOA estimation algorithm is lower than many similar algorithms. Simulation results indicate the availability of the proposed pairing-matching method and subspace extension algorithm.     

四元数在二维波达方向估计中的应用

基于四元数,本文提出了一种针对双平行阵的二维波达方向估计方法。与复数不同,四元数是一种维数更高的多元数代数。利用四元数代数理论,波达方向估计问题可以以高维的角度来求解。本文将四元数的概念引入到双平行阵接收模型中,建立了双平行阵的四元数接收模型。所提算法利用四元数的不同基之间的共同特性,对四元数子空间与信号方向矢量的正交关系进行解耦,得到仅含方位角信息的方向矢量与四元数子空间的正交表达式,并通过一维搜索估计出方位角。根据得到的方位角,算法进一步估计得到信源的俯仰角。仿真实验验证了本文所提算法的有效性。      

Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation by?Cross-Correlation Matrix Stacking

In this paper, we present a novel scheme to improve the two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation performance for narrowband signals impinging on two orthogonal uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The proposed scheme exploits the cross-correlation matrix information between subarray data to construct a stacking matrix and derive an expanded signal subspace representation through the singular value decomposition (SVD). This method enables the alleviation of the effects of additive noise. In particular, 2-D DOA estimation can be achieved by computing two rotation matrices with the same set of eigenvectors obtained by partitioning the expanded signal subspace. The pair matching procedure for elevation and azimuth angles is implemented by permutation test. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the existing techniques in DOA estimation as well as the detection of successful pair matching.     

Two-dimensional DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array using a successive MUSIC

This paper discusses the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and derives a successive multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm therein. The proposed algorithm obtains initial estimations of the azimuth and elevation angles obtained from the signal subspace, and uses successively one-dimensional local searches to achieve the joint estimation of 2D-DOA. The proposed algorithm, which requires the one-dimension local searches, can avoid the high computational cost within 2D-MUSIC algorithm. The proposed algorithm can obtain automatically-paired 2D-DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and it has better DOA estimation performance than propagator method, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm and trilinear decomposition algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close angle estimation to 2D-MUSIC algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for non-uniform linear arrays, works well for the sources with the same azimuth angle, and imposes less constraint on the sensor spacing, which does not have to be restricted within half-wavelength. We have also derived the mean-square error of DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of DOA estimation. Simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于数据共轭重排的修正二维MUSIC算法分析

在阐述二维MUSIC算法基本原理的基础上,通过将接收数据共轭重排的再利用、构造相关矩阵,提出一种基于正交阵列的修正二维MUSIC算法。在快拍次数有限时,此算法可以明显改善信号的波达方向估计性能,特别是相干信号波达方向(DOA)的估计性能,计算机仿真结果证明了该改进算法的有效性和可行性。     

Total least squares phased averaging and 3-D ESPRIT for jointazimuth-elevation-carrier estimation

The method of total least squares (TLS) phased averaging for high-performance subspace fitting in the three-dimensional (3-D) case of spectral estimation with 3-D ESPRIT is introduced and applied to the joint azimuth elevation-carrier estimation problem with two-dimensional (2-D) uniform rectangular arrays. The method is highly efficient computationally and is suitable for large arrays. Detailed computer experiments and comparisons are provided. For a 16×16 array of sensors and heavy noise, TLS phased-averaging 3-D ESPRIT exceeds the 3-D TLS unitary ESPRIT estimator by 300% in RMSE performance     

一种相干分布目标的DOA-时延联合估计算法

在城市密集环境情况下,基于传统点目标模型的多径空时参数(波达方向与相对时延)联合估计算法往往出现性能恶化。本文通过重新构造空间流形与时间流形,给出了一种更符合密集环境的空时相干分布信号模型,并在获得空时联合信号子空间后,分别抽取空间、时间子矩阵构造空间谱与时间谱,通过搜索谱峰得到所需空、时多径参数,最后利用空时流形向量与空时联合噪声子空间的正交性质实现空时参数配对。与TST-MUSIC等算法相比,该算法仅需要两次搜索及一次配对过程。仿真实验表明,该方法能够有效估计相干分布信号空时参数,抑制分布扩展影响,实现多个参数的自动配对。     

一种空时分布多径信号DOA-时延联合估计的ESPRIT方法

在城市密集环境下,由于局部密集多径反射信号不再符合点目标模型,传统多径参数(波达方向与相对时延)联合估计算法往往失效。针对此类问题本文考虑一种基于空时相干分布的多径模型,并在得到信道估计后将其转化至频率域去卷积获得空时联合信号子空间,由于多径扩展影响该信号子空间不再具有旋转不变结构,本文通过在联合信号子空间中抽取行向量构造不同的矩阵对,使各矩阵对在相位上满足旋转不变性质,然后,利用ESPRIT算法估计中心时延与中心DOA参数。与点目标ESPRIT方法相比该方法能够有效克服多径扩展影响,实现参数自动配对,且具有不敏感于多径分布形式的优点,仿真实验证明了其有效性。     

Blind DOA and polarization estimation for polarization-sensitive array using dimension reduction MUSIC

A novel blind direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation algorithm for polarization-sensitive uniform linear array using dimension reduction multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm utilizes the signal subspace to obtain an initial estimation of DOA, then estimates more accurate DOA through a one-dimensional (1-D) local searching according to the initial estimation of DOA, and finally obtains polarization parameter estimation via the estimated polarization steering vectors. The proposed algorithm, which only requires a one-dimension local searching, can avoid the high computational cost within multi-dimensional MUSIC algorithm. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm has better DOA and polarization estimation performance than both estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm and trilinear decomposition algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be suitable for irregular array geometry, obtain automatically paired multi-dimensional parameter estimation, and avoid multi-dimensional searching. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.