一种测量石蜡相变乳液过冷度的新方法:平衡态比容法

石蜡相变乳液是集储热与传热于一体的新型功能流体,具有广阔的应用前景。但石蜡相变乳液在降温时会出现过冷现象,极大降低了其储热与传热的性能。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量石蜡相变乳液的过冷度受到升/降温速率的影响,且升/降温速率越大,测得过冷度越大。提出一种测量石蜡相变乳液过冷度的方法——平衡态比容法。该方法通过测量石蜡相变乳液在不同温度下的比容,以确定乳液中石蜡粒子在升/降温过程中的相变温度,并进一步求解石蜡相变乳液的过冷度。实验结果表明,本研究提出的平衡态比容法能准确测量石蜡相变乳液的过冷度,并从比容变化的角度揭示石蜡相变乳液过冷现象的机理。     

石蜡微胶囊的热性能研究

利用差示扫描量热法研究了石蜡微胶囊的热性能,测定结果表明石蜡微胶囊能经受室温至110℃的16次冻融循环,具有良好的热稳定性,石蜡微胶囊的相变温度低于30℃,调整石蜡的碳原子数组成、提高石蜡的相变貯热能力是今后工作的方向.     

癸酸-月桂酸二元复合相变材料的相变特性研究

采用“冷却曲线法”测试癸酸-月桂酸二元体系的凝固点,验证了施罗德公式用于储热配方设计的可行性。配制相变温度在25—30℃之间的、可以应用于建筑节能领域的复合相变材料,并对其相变温度和相变潜热进行差示扫描量热计（DSC）分析。     

低过冷度石蜡Pickering乳液的制备和表征

石蜡乳液是集储热与传热于一体的新型功能流体,具有广阔的应用前景。但是石蜡乳液在降温时会出现明显的过冷现象,降低了其储热与传热的性能。针对这个问题,用镁-铝层状双金属氢氧化物（Mg-Al LDHs）代替化学表面活性剂,采用高速剪切乳化法,制备了石蜡含量为30%（质量）的O/W型Pickering乳液;分别采用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析仪、流变仪、全能稳定性分析仪和差示扫描量热仪对所制得的石蜡Pickering乳液的微观形貌、粒度分布、黏度、稳定性和热力学性质进行了表征。结果表明,当Mg-Al LDHs的含量从1%（质量）增加到5%（质量）时,石蜡Pickering乳液的粒度减小,黏度升高,稳定性得到改善;在石蜡Pickering乳液中,Mg-Al LDHs纳米颗粒吸附在石蜡液滴表面,诱导石蜡在降温时异相成核结晶,从而抑制了其过冷现象;所制备的石蜡Pickering乳液的相变焓值约为56.6 J·g^-1,在测试的温度范围内（30~70℃）的平均表观比热容为6.08 J·g^-1·K^-1,是纯水的1.45倍,具有良好的储热性能。     

DSC法测定56号半精炼石蜡的熔点

采用差示扫描量热（DSC）技术,利用程序控温,测量热流变化,模拟GB/T2539—2008 《石油蜡熔点的测定冷却曲线法》的测试过程,实现了准确分析56号半精炼石蜡的熔点。与现行方法相比,该方法具有程序控温精准、分析用试样量少、重复性好、操作简单、分析时间短、化验员工作强度低等特点。     

玻璃化相变及其对食品干燥贮藏影响的研究进展

在玻璃化转变的相关基础理论上,综述了影响玻璃化转变温度的主要因素,指出了玻璃化转变温度作为建立在动力控制过程的非平衡态基础上的物理化学参数,与水分含量和水分活度两重要指标相结合,可以用来解释玻璃化相变对干燥贮藏过程的影响,并对玻璃化相变温度的测定方法进行了总结评价。     

两种聚酯纤维的DSC定量分析方法

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC),分别对两种聚酯纤维——聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)的热性能进行了测试,通过研究PET和PTT在不同升温速率下的热焓变化规律确定了升温速率,研究了PET的质量与热焓的线性关系,确定了PET-PTT混纺面料产品中各组分的定量分析方法。     

差示扫描量热法测量尼龙6熔融焓的不确定度评定

本文依据国家标准GB/T 19466.3-2004,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量尼龙6(PA6)的熔融焓,讨论了测量过程中的不确定度来源并对测量不确定度进行评定,结果表明DSC测定PA6熔融焓的不确定度的结果为50.92J/g,u95=2.06J/g(4.0%)。     

采用差示扫描量热法评价PVC管材的塑化度

采用差示扫描量热法测定了PVC管材的塑化度,考察了样品质量和升温速率对测试结果的影响,并计算了试验的精密度。结果表明:适宜的样品质量为20 mg,升温速率为20℃/min,试验的重复性和再现性均较好。     

衡量氟化镓基玻璃稳定性的一种新判据

提出了改进的玻璃析晶动力学判据k(Tp0),它既能反映特征温度与玻璃抗析晶能力的关系,又不存在受升温速率影响的问题,而且保持了k(Tp)判据物理意义直观明确的优点。制备了x=5,10,15,25的20GaF3·15InF3·20CdF2·15ZnF2·(30-x)PbF2·xSnF2系列氟化镓基玻璃样品,用差示扫描量热法在不同加热速率下对此系列玻璃进行研究。用从改进的JohnsonMehlAvrami方程获得的k(Tp0)判据来估价玻璃的稳定性。结果表明:当x=10时玻璃的抗析晶能力最好,这与玻璃的实际熔制情况相符。     

A new approach to continuous emulsion polymerization

The application of a continuous Couette-Taylor vortex reactor to continuous emulsion polymerization was studied. First, the mixing characteristics of the reactor were examined by the stimulus-response method. It was found that the reactor performance was similar to that of a continuous flow reactor consisting of more than 60 well-stirred tanks in series if the reactor was properly designed and operated near the critical Taylor number. It was also demonstrated by a comparison of the particle size distributions of the latexes produced in a batch reactor and in the continuous Couette-Taylor vortex reactor that the continuous reactor could produce latex particles with fairly narrow size distribution. Furthermore, since no stirrer is involved, this continuous reactor is suited for the purpose of avoiding coagulation of latex particles that are very sensitive to mechanical shear.     

石蜡沉积对储层渗透率的影响研究

油气开采过程中的蜡质、沥青质等有机固相沉积。严重影响着油田的正常生产。固相沉积物不仅堵塞油井、输油管线,而且也给油藏多孔介质造成一系列的伤害。如堵塞油藏孔隙、降低孔隙度和渗透率,改变油藏岩石的润湿性,从而影响原油采收率的提高。本文采用热力学理论建立了液固两相相平衡方程,模拟计算石蜡沉积量对储层孔隙度和渗透率影响,进而求出对油井产能的影响。     

磷矿石中氧化铝含量测定方法优化

偏铝酸盐分离-EDTA容量法测定磷矿样品氧化铝含量,熔样和杂质分离一次完成,操作方法简单,分离效果好,但熔样过程难以精准控制,进而导致测定结果不稳定。对熔样操作步骤进行优化后,测定误差小,能更准确地分析磷矿样品中氧化铝的含量,有效提高分析质量,为磷矿有效综合利用提供准确的基础数据。     

A new method to determine monomer concentration in the polymer particles of emulsion polymerization systems by dynamic light scattering

Emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene was performed in the presence of small amount of methacrylic and itaconic acids as carboxylic acid monomers and potassium persulfate as an initiator at 70°C to prepare monodisperse polymer particles. Diameter of monomer swollen polymer particles (d_pswol) was measured by dynamic light scattering for samples taken from the reaction mixture during the Intervals II and III of the emulsion polymerization. Graphically treatment of d_pswol versus conversion data allowed us for the first time to directly determine the critical monomer conversion (x_c), from which constant monomer concentration in the polymer particles (C_MP) during the Interval II was then calculated. x_c and C_MP were obtained to be 0.379 and 5.68, respectively. C_MP value is in good agreement with that obtained by centrifugation method and those reported in the literature for the similar system. Attempts were also made to evaluate the average number of growing chain per particle ( ) during the Interval II of emulsion polymerization of styrene. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

A new method to determine monomer concentration in the polymer particles of emulsion polymerization systems by dynamic light scattering

In the published article cited above, by considering corrections made on the eq. (19) which will be discussed in the next section, Figure 6 should be replaced with a following new Figure 1. Hence, and values of 0.379 and 5.68 mol.dm^?3, respectively, on pages 1055, 1061, and 1062 should be changed to their accurate values of 0.426 and 5.29 mol.dm^?3, respectively.     

A new approach to determine rheological percolation of carbon nanotubes in microstructured polymer matrices

We demonstrate the rheological percolation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in microstructured polymer matrices. Polymer/CNT composites are fabricated from polycarbonates with different molecular weights to diversify the microstructures, which vary with the polymer radius of gyration and entanglements. We propose a model for the dispersion of CNTs in polymer matrices, which explains the electrical and rheological properties. The percolation theory represented by a power–law relation cannot account for the rheological percolation of CNTs in this work. Therefore, we investigate the crossover points to provide a quantitative indication of the rheological percolation threshold of nanofillers in polymer matrices. For the first time, the rheological percolation threshold is determined experimentally with this definition. The effects of molecular weight and shear viscosity of the medium on the percolation of CNTs are demonstrated separately.     

Chloramine T with iodine: A new reagent to determine the iodine value of edible oils

Chloramine T (N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt) and iodine (2:1, w/w) in carbon tetrachloride and acetic acid (1:1, vol/vol), referred to as reagent (I) was found to be effective for the determination of Iodine value of edible oils. Reagent (I) reacted quantitatively with the double bonds of oils of known weight. The reagent left unreacted after 20–25 min was titrated against standard sodium thiosulfate solution (0.04 M) in presence of potassium iodide (10%, 5 mL). The difference in volume of sodium thiosulfate solution consumed by reagent (I) without and with oil was a basis to calculate the iodine value of oils used. The iodine values of different oils were also determined separately following the standard procedure of Wijs, and calculated iodine value was obtained from the gas chromatographic profile of fatty acids. The iodine value obtained by the new method was in agreement with the results of the standard methods. The results obtained indicate that the method could be a complementary or an alternative to the Wijs method.     

Chloramine T with iodine: A new reagent to determine the iodine value fo edible oils

Chloramine T (N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt) and iodine (2:1, w/w) in carbon tetrachloride and acetic acid (1:1, vol/vol), referred to as reagent (I) was found to be effective for the determination of Iodine value of edible oils. Reagent (I) reacted quantitatively with the double bonds of oils of known weight. The reagent left unreacted after 20–25 min was titrated against standard sodium thiosulfate solution (0.04 M) in presence of potassium iodide (10%, 5 mL). The difference in volume of sodium thiosulfate solution consumed by reagent (I) without and with oil was a basis to calculate the iodine value of oils used. The iodine values of different oils were also determined separately following the standard procedure of Wijs, and calculated iodine value was obtained from the gas chromatographic profile of fatty acids. The iodine value obtained by the new method was in agreement with the results of the standard methods. The results obtained indicate that the method could be a complementary or an alternative to the Wijs method.     

一种研究油气藏成藏史的新方法

为了提高油气藏的成藏过程研究的准确性,G eorge,Bhu llar等在前人的基础上改进提出了使用油气藏内包裹体的化学成分来研究油藏的成藏史。通过特定的方法对包裹体内油气进行分析,并和现今的油气源进行对比就可以确定油气的成藏史。这种方法直接针对古油气,所以油气藏的成藏史恢复会更加准确有效。对某多期成藏的油气藏的包裹体成分地化分析,结合其它的分析方法很容易恢复油藏的成藏过程。