挤压Fe-25Cr-5Al金属蜂窝的烧结和组织结构研究

以纯铁粉、铬粉、铝粉为原料,采用粉体增塑挤压-烧结工艺制备Fe-25Cr-5Al金属蜂窝,研究不同的烧结温度和时间条件下烧结蜂窝的收缩率、表观密度和组织结构特征.研究表明,随烧结温度的升高,蜂窝的收缩率和表观密度增大,径向收缩率的范围为5.6%～12.3%,表观密度的范围为0.98～1.09g/cm3.在1250℃烧结时,随烧结时间的延长,蜂窝的收缩率和表观密度也随之增大,径向收缩率的范围为6.5%～12.1%,表观密度的范围为0.85～1.02g/cm3.烧结组织为Fe-Cr固溶体(α-Fe)基体,少量Fe-Al,Cr-Al间化合物及Cr2O3,Al2O3.     

挤压316L金属蜂窝的烧结及其组织性能研究

以金属粉末、粘结剂为原料,经炼料制成膏状挤压料,通过挤压模成型为蜂窝状,再经高温烧结制备成316L不锈钢蜂窝.研究了烧结气氛、烧结温度对蜂窝烧结组织结构的影响,并对烧结后的蜂窝进行力学性能测试.结果表明,在氢气中烧结的316L蜂窝组织,金属颗粒间形成烧结颈,呈网状连接在一起,并随温度升高颗粒合并长大成晶粒,基体组织为Fe-Cr-Ni-C(γ-Fe)固溶体,第二相球形颗粒为富含硅的低熔点化合物;在真空中烧结,金属颗粒表面形成氧化物Fe2Cr4O4、Cr2O3,以及SiO2,大量的表面氧化物阻碍了金属粉末颗粒的结合,直接影响烧结蜂窝的强度,致使烧结蜂窝强度远低于氢气中烧结的蜂窝.在氢气中烧结的316L金属蜂窝,其径向抗压强度可达40～50 MPa,远高于目前广泛应用的陶瓷蜂窝载体,是作为载体材料的一种理想选择.     

真空热压烧结制备Fe_3Si基金属间化合物

采用真空热压烧结工艺直接烧结Fe、Si混合粉末,制备了Fe3Si金属间化合物。研究了热压烧结时间对烧结产物微观结构、硬度及致密度的影响。结果表明,经950℃、22MPa热压烧结0.5～4h均可得到高度有序的Fe3Si块体,且随烧结时间的延长,烧结产物中Fe3Si的含量有所增加,但当烧结时间长于2h,Fe3Si的有序度有所降低。同时烧结产物的硬度和密度也有同样的变化规律,其中烧结时间2h时烧结产物具有最佳硬度和密度,分别为90.7HRC和4.62g/m3。     

烧结工艺对泡沫玻璃孔结构的影响

以无碱玻璃粉为主要原料,SiC为发泡剂,采用粉末烧结法制备了保温泡沫玻璃。采用XRD、SEM等分析测试手段,研究了烧结温度和保温时间对泡沫玻璃气泡结构、表观密度、气孔率以及抗压强度的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度的提高和保温时间的延长,泡沫玻璃的表观密度呈下降趋势,平均孔径会逐渐增大,以致产生连通孔现象。当烧结温度为940℃,保温时间为30 min时制得的泡沫玻璃表观密度为0.46g/cm3,抗压强度达3.81 MPa,吸水率为0.41%,孔径为1~3mm的气泡占80%以上。     

利用主烧结曲线和Arrhenius曲线确定TiO_2陶瓷表观激活能

表观烧结激活能是研究陶瓷烧结机理的一个非常重要参量。采用纳米金红石相TiO2陶瓷坯体在空气中进行无压烧结,加热速率分别为1,2,5℃/min,用热膨胀仪记录试样收缩率,阿基米德法测量烧结体相对密度,分别用主烧结曲线法和Arrhenius法计算表观烧结激活能。结果表明:用主烧结曲线得到的激活能是一个定值,而用Arrhenius法得到的激活能是一个变化的值,激活能是相对密度的函数,随相对密度的增加而减小,且激活能和相对密度的变化趋势分成两段,当相对密度大于85%时,激活能随相对密度的增加而减小比小于85%时要快,这意味着在烧结过程中,控制烧结的扩散机制可能发生了变化。     

成型烧结过程对钽阳极电性能的影响

以牌号FTA500钽粉为代表,选择容量为50 000 μF·V/g的钽粉,探索了成型过程和烧结过程对钽阳极漏电流、容量等电性能参数的影响。研究表明:随着成型压制密度逐渐增大时,钽阳极块的开孔率减小、容量降低,当成型压制密度为5.00 g/cm3时,阳极块漏电流系数为最低;随着烧结温度的提高,钽阳极烧结密度增大、容量下降、漏电流系数降低,同时钽阳极损耗增大,体积收缩率增大,击穿电压升高。      

微波热效应陶瓷材料性能研究

采用常压烧结法合成了Fe2O3-莫来石微波热效应陶瓷材料,并对材料的抗弯强度、抗热震性能及介电性能进行了研究.结果表明,随烧结温度由1250℃升高至1350℃,烧结样品中残留的刚玉相减少,微波热效应陶瓷材料的体积密度、抗弯强度显著增大,相对介电常数随Fe2O3含量增加而增大,气孔率适中.在最佳烧结温度1350℃,氧化铁含量为30％,莫来石理论含量为70％条件下,制备的微波热效应陶瓷材料的体积密度为2.185g/cm3,抗压强度为77MPa,相对介电常数适中,满足微波热效应陶瓷性能要求.     

钛酸钡陶瓷烧结动力学曲线的研究

以超重力反应沉淀法(HGRP)制备的纳米钛酸钡粉体为原料,以热膨胀仪为测试手段,对钛酸钡陶瓷的烧结动力学曲线特征进行了研究.结果表明,烧结温度和成型坯片密度都会对钛酸钡陶瓷的烧结过程产生影响,所表现出的烧结动力学曲线特征也不相同,而升温速率几乎不对坯片的烧结动力学曲线特征产生影响.随着烧结温度的升高,坯片收缩率增大,当烧结温度由1150℃升到1300℃时,收缩率由6.7%增大到23.2%;坯片的密度增大,收缩率减小,当成型坯片相对密度由61.08%增大到64.42%时,收缩率由17.5%减少到14.4%;升温速率增大,坯片开始收缩的温度及收缩率几乎不变.     

粉煤灰-页岩二元体系显气孔率与制品烧结特性的研究

通过利用工业废弃物粉煤灰制备烧结制品,测试了烧结制品的强度、收缩率、体积密度,重点研究了显气孔率对烧结制品性能的影响,分析了粉煤灰含量和烧结温度对烧结制品性能的影响.结果表明,烧结制品的体积密度随显气孔率的增大而减小.烧结制品的直径与高度收缩随显气孔率的增大先增大后减小.当ω(粉煤灰)∶ω(页岩)=7∶3(质量比)、烧结温度为1000℃时制品性能最佳,烧结制品的显气孔率为39.0%,强度为28.29MPa.     

微波烧结Mn-Zn 铁氧体的微观结构演变特征

以传统氧化物法合成的Mn-Zn铁氧体前驱体和外购前驱体为实验原料,经压制成形后用频率为2.45 GHz的微波在1 200~1 400℃烧结制备Mn-Zn铁氧体软磁材料.对烧结过程样品的微观结构和形貌进行了研究,并探究了烧结过程致密化特性及微波加热温度对Mn-Zn铁氧体密度的影响.研究表明:微波烧结的Mn-Zn铁氧体具有典型的尖晶石结构,样品主体相为Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4;用SEM观察样品形貌,发现在1 350~1 400℃烧结的样品结晶状况良好,晶界平直,烧结组织均匀;微波烧结温度对密度有较大影响,在1 200~1 400℃,随着烧结温度升高样品密度增高,密度为4.80~5.28 g/cm3,在1 400℃烧结样品比较致密.微波烧结可以实现样品的快速致密.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.