添加不同表面活性剂对胞苷发酵的影响

研究4种不同表面活性剂对大肠杆菌BG-12的胞苷合成和菌体生长的影响。在胞苷产生菌大肠杆菌BG-12发酵10 h时,添加Tween-80、Triton X-100、CTAB (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide)和EMB(ethambutol dihydrochloride) 4种表面活性剂,进行对比试验,分析菌体生长、耗糖速率和胞苷浓度等的变化。Tween-80的添加量为1～4 g/L时,对胞苷的产量呈现促进作用,添加3 g/L时的产量达到最大为1.696 g/L,是对照组的2.42倍,且对菌体生长、耗糖速率无明显影响;添加Triton X-100时实验组的胞苷产量均低于对照组,但添加量为0.4～0.8 g/L时会促进菌体生长和耗糖速率;添加CTAB和EMB时,胞苷产量明显下降,但对菌体生长及耗糖速率影响不大。Tween-80在发酵10 h时添加、且在低于4 g/L时对胞苷产量有促进作用,添加Triton X-100、CTAB和EMB对菌体生长表现为促进或无影响,但对胞苷产量无促进作用。     

唾液链球菌嗜热亚种Y-2细胞转化法制备γ-氨基丁酸

研究反应pH值、反应温度、重金属盐、表面活性剂、底物浓度、菌体质量浓度和磷酸吡哆醛添加量对Streptococcus salivarius subsp.thermophilus Y-2细胞转化法生产γ-氨基丁酸的影响。获得反应体系的最佳组成为:湿菌体25g/L、BaCl2 40mmol/L、Triton X-100体积分数0.02%、L-谷氨酸单钠盐(L-monosodium glutamate,MSG)47.5g/L和L-谷氨酸(L-glutamic acid,L-Glu)90.0g/L。该体系在40℃、pH 4.5和搅拌速度100r/min的最适转化条件下进行反应72h,转化液GABA产量达到了(87.16±4.33)g/L,细胞平均生产力为(48.42±2.41)mg/(h.g),摩尔转化率为(97.60±4.71)%。     

表面活性剂对土壤杆菌Q9415发酵产胶的影响

研究了放射形土壤杆菌发酵产胶过程中添加表面活性剂TritonX-100, Tween80等对发酵产胶的影响。30L发酵罐中添加0.1g/L TritonX可在86h得到产量28.5g/L,产品的粘度也较高。     

表面活性剂对木醋杆菌产细菌纤维素的影响

为了提高细菌纤维素发酵产量,采用几种非离子型表面活性剂添加于发酵培养基,研究了表面活性剂对木醋杆菌产细菌纤维素的影响.试验结果表明, Tween-80的促进效果最为明显,其最佳添加时间和最佳添加量分别为发酵36h和0.20g/L,最高的干纤维素产出水平达到9.90g/L,比参照组提高了19.6%.     

表面活性剂对绢纺原料细菌除油的影响

研究了8种常用表面活性剂对细菌X8的生长及对滞头细菌除油效果的影响。结果表明:大部分表面活性剂抑制细菌X8的生长,SDS质量浓度低于0.5 g/L时对细菌X8的生长影响较小。添加0.5 g/L SDS能增强细菌的除油和脂肪酶的产生,只用0.5 g/L SDS除油,残油率为11.36%,能除去17.4%的油脂;只用细菌发酵除油,残油率为7.53%,能除去45.3%的油脂;在细菌发酵中添加0.5 g/L SDS除油,残油率为3.62%,能除去73.7%的油脂;不加SDS的细菌发酵体系脂肪酶活为344 IU/L,添加SDS的细菌发酵体系脂肪酶活为451 IU/L。表明添加适量SDS细菌除油体系通过洗涤作用和促进脂肪酶的产生增强除油效果。     

表面活性剂稳定性碱性蛋白酶纯化及性质研究

从地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)XG12发酵液中分离纯化表面活性剂稳定性碱性蛋白酶,并对酶学性质进行研究。利用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析和Sephadex G-75分子筛凝胶过滤层析等方法,分离纯化到了均一的酶蛋白,酶纯度提高了42.6倍,回收率为25.3%。SDS-PAGE及Sephadex G-75分子筛凝胶过滤层析显示酶蛋白为单亚基蛋白,分子质量约为29.5kD。在pH7.0～11.0范围内酶活性及稳定性较高,最适作用pH值为10.0,最适作用温度40℃。Mg2+、Ca2+及Mn2+对酶有明显激活作用。丝氨酸蛋白酶特异性抑制剂强烈抑制酶活性,表明所纯化到的蛋白酶为丝氨酸蛋白酶。酶分别对终质量浓度为0.1g/100mL的阴离子表面活性剂SDS、阳离子表面活性剂CTAB和体积分数为1%的非离子型表面活性剂Tween-80、Tween-20、Triton X-100以及氧化剂均具有很强的稳定性。     

不同培养条件对黑曲霉细胞生长及水解特性的影响研究

本文研究了培养条件中不同种类、不同浓度的氮源和表面活性剂、发酵时间、温度、转速对黑曲霉全细胞生物量及水解活性的影响规律。研究发现,氮源对于黑曲霉细胞中具有水解活性的诱导酶系的产生具有一定的促进作用,且作用结果因氮源种类不同而异,其中酵母膏对黑曲霉具有最佳的培养效果;当酵母膏质量浓度为1.5 g/L时,黑曲霉生物量达到1.35 g/L,且水解活性达到66.45%。表面活性剂中Triton X-100培养的黑曲霉全细胞催化剂的水解活性表现最佳,当其含量为0.5%时,黑曲霉水解催化效率达到最大值。无机盐种类、浓度及培养温度和转速等条件对黑曲霉细胞生长和水解活性的影响也进行了研究,并确定具有水解活力的黑曲霉细胞的最佳培养方法为:酵母膏1.5 g/L,Triton X-100 0.5%;MgSO_4·7H_2O 1 g/L;KH_2PO_4 1 g/L,KCl 0.5 g/L;(NH_4)_2SO_4 1.5 g/L;KCl 0.5 g/L;无水CaCl_2 0.1 g/L;温度35℃,转速140 r/min。在该条件下,黑曲霉细胞生长量和水解效率分别达到1.73 g/L和90.23%。     

金属离子及添加表面活性剂对谷氨酸发酵的影响

在谷氧酸发酵过程中,用单因素实验方法研究不同金属离子和表面活性剂对谷氧酸发酵的影响,利用DesignExpert 7.0软件响应面分析法优化最适合谷氨酸合成的金属离子浓度以及表面活性剂的加入时机对谷氨酸发酵的影响.研究表明,发酵培养基中金属离子Mg2+浓度为0.204g/L,K+浓度为1.003g/L,最适宜于谷氡酸棒杆菌合成谷氨酸,提高发酵水平,并且在发酵过程中OD为0.40时,添加0.2g/L的Tween-80可以增加谷氨酸的产量.     

L-鸟氨酸发酵废菌渣水解固形物回用工艺的研究

以L-鸟氨酸发酵废菌渣水解固形物为有机氮源,进行L-鸟氨酸发酵工艺条件的研究,实验结果发现最佳回用工艺条件为:水解时间20 h,水解温度90.0℃,水解液加入量6.5 g/100 m L,6.0 mol/L硫酸溶液(m L)与含水废菌渣固形物(g)之比1∶2.5。在上述条件下,L-鸟氨酸产量达到了37.47 g/L,与酵母膏为有机氮源进行的鸟氨酸发酵差异不明显,且产量稳定。     

基于代谢调控优化高产γ-谷维素的苦荞发酵体系

该研究采用紫红曲霉发酵苦荞,在前期研究的基础上,从细胞膜通透性、金属离子浓度与底物诱导三个方面调控其代谢过程,通过响应面法优化高产γ-谷维素的发酵体系。单因素试验表明,超声处理不能促进发酵产物中γ-谷维素的积累,添加表面活性剂(Triton X-100、Tween-80、SDS)、Ca2+离子、Mg2+离子、谷甾醇均对γ-谷维素的富集有正向调节的作用。通过响应面分析得到的调控参数为:Triton X-100添加量3.2‰,Ca2+添加量4.2‰,阿魏酸与谷甾醇配比(阿魏酸:谷甾醇=1:1,W:W)添加0.5‰,此条件下γ-谷维素含量达到2.61 mg/mL,提高至未发酵前的31.62倍、调控前的1.64倍。红曲发酵苦荞产物呈浅红色,具有浓郁的红曲香味,并且通过代谢调控后发酵产物中含有丰富的γ-谷维素,其具有较好的工业开发前景。     

Optimization of gellan gum production by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 31461 with nonionic surfactants using central composite design

The effect of nonionic surfactants on gellan production by Sphingomonas paucimobilis was studied by the addition of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 g/l surfactants to shake flask culture. The nonionic surfactants Tween 80, Tween 40 and Triton X-100 improved gellan production by S. paucimobilis, and the maximum yield (10.44 g/l) was obtained with Triton X-100 at 0.75 g/l compared with that of the control fermentation (8.63 g/l) without surfactant. The DO profiles associated with gellan production in a 5-l laboratory fermentor showed higher oxygen and mass transfers during fermentation with surfactant than during control fermentation without surfactant. The addition of surfactant also resulted in a polymer with high viscosity as manifested by its lower acetyl content, than that obtained by control fermentation. A central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the maximum gellan production at optimum values for three process parameters (Triton X-100 concentration, pH, and temperature) each at five levels in a laboratory fermentor. The maximum gellan yield (14.62 g/l) was obtained in a 5-l laboratory fermentor with 1.0 g/l Triton X-100 and at pH 6.0 and temperature 29.6 degrees C. Further studies on the effects of agitation and DOT level demonstrated that the surfactants enhanced oxygen transfer resulting in higher gellan production (27.86 g/l) at higher agitation speed (1000 rpm) and 100% DOT level.     

Surfactants differentially impact p,p'-DDE accumulation by plant and earthworm species

The effect of four surfactants (Triton X-100, Tween-80, rhamnolipids, cyclodextrin) at 100-1000 mg/L on p,p'-DDE phytoextraction by Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) under field conditions and p,p'-DDE bioaccumulation by earthworm species (Eisenia fetida, Lumbricus terrestris) under laboratory conditions was investigated. Abiotically, surfactants (except cyclodextrin) increased contaminant desorption from soil by 4-fold, with higher concentrations generally promoting greater release. Cyclodextrin had no effect on DDE desorption. DDE concentrations in unamended zucchini roots and stems were 30- and 7.8-fold greater than soil levels, respectively, and 1.6% of the contaminant was extracted from the soil. The surfactant effects were cultivar specific. Triton X-100 increased DDE uptake in "Costata" by 2.6-fold, yielding 5% contaminant phytoextraction. In "Goldrush", DDE accumulation decreased by 69% across all surfactants. Surfactants significantly increased DDE bioaccumulation by earthworms. For E. fetida with all surfactants and L. terrestriswith Triton X-100 and cyclodextrin, DDE accumulation increased 2.5-7.2-fold, paralleling abiotic desorption. However, Tween-80 and rhamnolipids increased DDE accumulation in L. terrestris by 74 and 36 fold, respectively. These dramatic increases in contaminant bioaccumulation do not correlate with the increased availability observed abiotically. Surfactant-mediated increases in contaminant bioavailability are an unexpectedly complex process and clearly present unanticipated concerns over pollutant exposure to nontarget organisms.     

串珠镰孢菌来源的角质酶基因的克隆表达及其酶学性质

克隆一个来源于串珠镰孢菌(Fusarium moniliforme Sheld)的角质酶基因,该基因全长693 bp,编码231个成熟的氨基酸。克隆的角质酶基因构建到pPIC9K质粒,获得重组表达载体,转入毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris Gs115)中进行高效表达。经甲醇诱导96 h,测得重组酶酶活为71.68 U/mL,经纯化获得比活力为2490.1 U/mg。对纯化后的角质酶进行酶学性质分析结果表明,其最适反应pH为9.0,在pH5.0~9.0范围内之间重组角质酶的酶活相对稳定;最适反应温度为35 ℃,在40 ℃条件下保温1 h酶活力保持70%以上。KCl、Triton X-100、MnCl₂、SDS对该酶活有促进作用,NaCl、BaCl₂、CuSO₄、Tween-20、FeSO₄、ZnSO₄、NiCl₂、EDTA、Tween-80对该酶活有抑制作用。     

DPS数据处理系统在L-鸟氨酸发酵培养基优化中的应用

利用正交设计与均匀设计试验方法,并采用DPS软件对实验结果进行分析,得出石蜡节杆菌WZFF.X-146菌株生产L-鸟氨酸的最适批式摇瓶发酵培养基配方。结果表明,DPS软件在L-鸟氨酸发酵培养基优化方面取得良好的效果,产酸水平达到19.91g/L,提高了125%以上。     

响应面法优化黑曲霉产抗菌物质的发酵培养基

以抑菌圈直径为响应值,采用响应面法对黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）xj产抗菌物质的发酵培养基进行优化.首先通过单因素试验确定最适碳源和氮源分别为麦芽糖和麦麸,并初步考察了麦芽糖、麦麸、无机盐、生长因子及表面活性剂的最适添加量.通过Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响抗菌物质活力的显著因素：无水硫酸镁、氯化钙和吐温-80.最后通过中心复合设计及响应面分析确定产抗菌物质的的最优发酵培养基组分为麦芽糖30.00g/L、麦麸7.50g/L、酵母膏1.00g/L、磷酸氢二钾1.00g/L、无水硫酸镁0.2982g/L、吐温-80 0.24mL/L、微量元素液2.00mL/L、氯化钾0.50g/L.采用滤纸片扩散法检测优化后的发酵液抗菌活性,抑菌圈直径为（27.26±0.41）mm,比未经优化测得的抑菌圈直径提高了83％.     

Biobased surfactant-like molecules from organic wastes: the effect of waste composition and composting process on surfactant properties and on the ability to solubilize Tetrachloroethene (PCE)

In this work, four surfactant-like humic acids (HAs) obtained from garden lignocellulose wastes and kitchen food wastes mixed with garden-lignocellulose wastes, both before and after composting, were tested for surfactant properties and the ability to solubilize tetrachloroethene (PCE). The waste-derived HAs showed good surfactant properties, lowering the water surface tension from 74 mN m(-1) to 45.4 +/- 4.4 mN m(-1), with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.54 +/- 1.68 g L(-1), which is lower than many synthetic ionic surfactants. CMC was affected by both waste origin and composting processes. The addition of food waste and composting reduced CMC by adding alkyl-C (measured by CP MAS 13C NMR) and N- and S-HA contents (amide molecules), so that a multistep regression was found [CMC = 24.6 - 0.189 alkyl C - 2.64 (N + S); R2 = 0.77, P < 0.10, n = 6]. The four HAs solubilized PCE at the rate of 0.18-0.47 g PCE/g aqueous biosurfactant. These results were much higher than those reported in the literature for a commercial HA (0.026 g/g), but they were in line with those measured in this work for nonionic surfactants such as Tween-80 (0.69 g/g) and Triton X-100 (1.08 g/g).     

L-鸟氨酸补料分批发酵的研究

在优化了批式发酵条件的基础上,通过对流加补料方式、补料速度等发酵过程的各种参数,包括产酸率、转化率、发酵周期等进行了研究,优化了L-鸟氨酸补料分批发酵的条件。在最优补料分批发酵条件下,发酵58 h,L-鸟氨酸产量达59.35 g/L,糖酸转化率达37.09%。发酵结果明显优于分批培养。     

双水相萃取大豆苯丙氨酸研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)表面活性剂体系形成双水相,研究大豆蛋白水解液中L–苯丙氨酸分配及萃取效果。CTAB/SDS双水相体系萃取L–苯丙氨酸结果表明,当双水相体系CTAB与SDS摩尔比为0.256,提取液初始苯丙氨酸含量为0.02克,Na2SO4浓度为0.23mol/L时,萃取率最高可达96.9%。     

大豆分离蛋白发泡剂的泡沫染色

采用搅打发泡的方法研究了大豆分离蛋白浓度、pH值、表面活性剂对大豆分离蛋白泡沫性能的影响;选取多个有利于泡沫性能的因素,以大豆蛋白泡沫作为染料载体,选用活性黄染料对纯棉织物进行了泡沫染色的探究,测试了染色织物的匀染性、拉伸性和色牢度。结果表明,在pH值为7,大豆分离蛋白质量分数2%,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)质量浓度1g/L,Tween-80质量浓度2g/L的条件下,泡沫性能最优。泡沫染色织物的匀染性、色牢度均优于常规水浴染色,织物强力提高。     

Determination of Allura red in food samples after cloud point extraction using mixed micelles

A cloud point extraction process using mixed micelles of CTAB, Triton X-114 and Triton X-100 for preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Allura red in food samples was developed. The effect of different parameters such as concentration of surfactants, electrolyte concentration, temperature and pH on the cloud point extraction of Allura red was studied in detail and a set of optimum conditions were established. A linear calibration curve in the range of 20–1400 μg/L of Allura red was obtained. Detection limit based on 3S_b was 7.8 μg/L and the relative standard deviation for 75 μg/L of Allura red was 3.87 (n = 10). The method was applied to the determination of Allura red in food samples such as candy, soft drink and jellies.