实验性动脉粥样硬化兔脑血管血液动力学研究

目的观察动物模型动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)发生、发展过程中脑血管血液动力学指标(cerebrovascularhemodynamicindex,CVHI)的变化规律。方法新西兰大耳白兔20只,随机分为两组:12只为动脉粥样硬化模型组,给予高脂饲料喂养;8只为对照组,给予普通基础饲料喂养。于12周末检测所有兔CVHI,同期进行病理检查,并观察离体血管的顺应性。结果与对照组比较,AS模型组兔的最大血流速度和最小血流速度均有明显降低;而外周阻力、特性阻抗和脉搏波波速明显升高;血管顺应性明显降低。病理结果显示,AS模型组兔的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成明显,管腔狭窄。结论CVHI能正确反映颈动脉病变和脑血管病理生理变化,对早期脑动脉粥样硬化的诊断具有重要的意义。     

苦瓜的研究概述

苦瓜别名锦荔枝、癞葡萄、凉瓜、红羊 ,为葫芦科植物苦瓜的果实。苦瓜的记载最早始于明代《滇南本草》,以后又有许多记载。《本草纲目》曰 :“去邪热 ,解劳之 ,清心明目。”苦瓜性味苦寒 ,具有清热解毒 ,滋养强壮 ,降低血糖等功效。本文就近年来其研究状况作一介绍。1　化学成分苦瓜的根、茎、叶、花、种子都可供药用。从果实中提取的成分有植物胰岛素 〔1〕,植物蛋白质 (由 17种氨基酸组成 ) 〔2〕,苦瓜脑苷 ,大豆脑苷 ,苦瓜亭 ,尿嘧啶 ,β-谷甾醇 〔3〕,苦瓜素甙 F1 、 G、 I,胡萝卜甾醇 〔4〕,从种子提取的成分有苦瓜甙 A、 B、 C、 D…     

兔眼角膜生物力学特性的实验研究

目的：了解兔眼角膜的力学特性，得出以面应变γ与角膜内外压强差p′表达的本构方程。方法：模拟眼内压．测量了20只免眼角膜。结果：获得了本构关系γ=γ0exp(c／p′)和面积模量E=A Bp′。结论：角膜是不易发生较大变形的粘弹性材料。     

兔体外循环氧合器改装和使用的实验研究

目的探讨兔体外循环微型氧合器的改装和使用,利于推广.方法对健康家兔14只、野兔8只,随机在西京氧合器改装后的微型氧合器下完成体外循环(CPB)并行心肌保护和血液保护研究,发泡板在尿激酶浸泡后重复使用,分别在CPB前、中、后测动脉血气及血液动力学的相关指标.结果比较CPB前、中、后的动脉血气及血液动力学的相关指标,结果满意.结论该微型氧合器性能稳定,能建立完善的CPB模型,且制作简便,发泡板用尿激酶浸泡后可重复使用,值得推广.     

尼尔雌醇对兔交配后抗生育作用的研究

尼尔雌醇对兔交配后抗生育作用的研究解文，郑钦达，雷刚，韩字研华西医科大学成都６１００４１尼尔雌醇是我国自行研制的新型雌三醇衍生物，是一种理想的安全雌激素药物，无致癌作用。具有长效、强效、口服方便等优点。对其抗生育作用的研究可为临床应用提供资料。本实验...     

兔动脉硬化时脑血管血液动力学参数变化及相关性分析

本文报道了兔动脉硬化时，脑血管血液动力学参数（ＣＶＨＰ）的变化。动脉硬化组（ＡＳ组）颈动脉平均血流量（Ｑｍｅａｎ）、平均血流速度（Ｖｍｅａｎ）、最大血流速度（Ｖｍａｘ）、最小血流速度（Ｖｍｉｎ）和脑血管零压顺应性（ＣＯ）显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），脑血管外周阻力（Ｒ）及脑血管特性阻抗（Ｚｃ）显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５及０．００１）。颈动脉病变程度与Ｑｍｅａｎ、Ｖｍｅａｎ和ＣＯ有显著负相关（Ｐ＜００５），与Ｒ和Ｚｃ有显著正相关（Ｐ＜００５及０．０１）。Ｑｍｅａｎ与Ｖｍｅａｎ、Ｖｍａｘ和ＣＯ有显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），与Ｒ和Ｚｃ有显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１及０．０５）．对照组（Ｃ组）与ＡＳ组回归方程比较，Ｑｍｅａｎ－Ｖｍａｘ和Ｑｍｅａｎ－Ｒ斜率ｂ有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０１及０．００１）；Ｑｍｅａｎ－Ｖｍｅａｎ、Ｑｍｅａｎ－ＣＯ和Ｑｍｅｎａ－Ｚｃ截矩ａ有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。     

高脂饮食诱导兔自体静脉移植后动脉硬化特点

目的　探讨高脂饮食诱导兔自体静脉移植动脉硬化的结构特点 ,为静脉搭桥后再狭窄的防治提供资料。方法　兔 2 5只 ,均实施自体血管移植术 ,术后按不同的饲高脂饮食时间段分为 5组。按不同时间点取材分 5组。光、电镜观察。结果　光镜下移植段管壁逐渐增厚 ,内膜泡沫细胞逐渐增多 ,12周时内膜的全层和中膜的内层充满了大量泡沫细胞 ,细胞间质较少 ;移植后早期可见内皮表面有较多的白细胞粘附并浸润到内皮下层 ,对照侧静脉和颈总动脉偶见泡沫细胞。电镜下中膜平滑肌细胞由收缩型转变为合成型 ,移植后两周时达到高峰。对照静脉内皮细胞呈长梭形 ,无微绒毛 ;在移植后 1～ 2周 ,移植段内皮的形态呈圆形 ,椭圆形或梭形等多种形态 ,有丰富的长而密的微绒毛 ,随着时间的延长 ,移植段可见成片的 ,局灶性内皮脱落。结论　自体静脉移植后 ,对高脂诱导动脉硬化的易感性高于原位血管 ;移植段管壁增厚可能与血流动力学改变和平滑肌转型、增殖、产生基质有关     

低温对兔脑微循环影响的实验研究

本文报告低温对兔脑微循环的影响。体温下降5～6℃1小时,低温兔及低温加冬眠兔(加氯丙嗪)的脑耗氧量降低,微动脉收缩,全血粘度增高,血流减慢,不能达到保护脑细胞的作用。但是认为对伴有发热病例作为复苏综合措施之一则能起保护作用。     

Ibrolipim抗猪动脉粥样硬化的作用

目的：探讨合成化合物NO-1886(ibrolipim)调节贵州小香猪脂代谢异常及其抗动脉粥样硬化(AS)的作用机制。 方法： 贵州小香猪15头，按体重随机分为3组。分别喂普通猪饲料(CD)；高脂高蔗糖饲料(HFSD)和高脂高蔗糖饲料加1％ibrolipim。每月末采集血样，测定血脂浓度。第8个月末处死动物，用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析血浆高密度脂蛋白中胆固醇酯的含量；苏丹Ⅳ染色观察主动脉脂纹的面积；油红O染色观察脂质在肝组织中的沉积。 结果： HFSD组血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和游离脂肪酸(FFA)浓度均高于对照组，主动脉可见脂纹，内膜增厚，内皮细胞损伤，内膜下有大量泡沫化细胞，肝细胞胞浆内大量脂质沉积；ibrolipim组血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平高于对照组（其中胆固醇酯高于对照组,TG和FFA浓度低于对照组），肝细胞油红O染色见少量脂质沉积。 结论： Ibrolipim可能主要是通过降低血浆TG及升高HDL-C发挥其抗AS作用。     

Teratogenic Effect of the Water Extract of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia) on the Sprague Dawley Rats

It has been reported that the water extract of the whole unripe fruit of Momordica charantia can significantly reduce blood glucose levels. However the safety of its use during pregnancy has not been fully investigated. The aim of this investigation is to determine the safety of this extract during pregnancy. The water extract of the unripe fruit was given to pregnant Sprague Dawley rats on days 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of gestation. The litter size was determined for each group and the litters were examined for gross malformations. The gross and histological examinations of various organs of the litters were also carried out. Results show that 8.65% of the litters from experimental animals were malformed as against 1.62% of control. It also showed that 31.2% of all the malformed litters had multiple congenital malformations. It also showed that the experimental rats had nine resorption sites while control had none. This demonstrates that the water extract of Momordica charantia is teratogenic in Sprague Dawley rats and should be used with caution in man.     

In vivo hypoglycemic effect of methanolic fruit extract of Momordica charantia L

Background

Momordica charantia L. is a medicinal plant commonly used in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Objectives

We investigated the blood glucose lowering effect of the methanolic fruit extract of the Ugandan variety of M. charantia L. in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats.

Methods

500g of M. charantia powder were macerated in methanol and the extract administered to two groups of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The first group received 125mg/kg, the second 375mg/kg and a third group 7mg/kg of metformin. A fourth group received 1ml normal saline. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured at 0.5,1,2,3,5,8 and 12 hours and compared using one-way ANOVA.

Results

There was an initial rise in FBG for 1 hour after administration of extracts followed by steep reductions. Significant reduction in FBG occurred at 2 hours for 125mg/kg of extract (−3.2%, 313±25.9 to 303±25.0mg/dL, p = 0.049), 375mg/kg of extract (−3.9%, 356±19.7 to 342±20.3mg/dL, p = 0.001), and metformin (−2.6%, 344±21.7 to 335±21.1mg/dL, p = 0.003) when compared to normal saline. The maximum percentage reduction in FBG by both extracts occurred between 3 and 12 hours post dose.

Conclusions

The methanolic fruit extract of M. charantia exhibits dose dependent hypoglycaemic activity in vivo.     

输精管结扎家兔自身免疫反应的实验研究

33只成年雄兔行双侧输精管结扎手术后,进行连续12个月的免疫学观察。7只同龄雄兔作为空白对照。结果表明,间接血凝试验69.7%结扎组家兔检测出抗精子抗体,滴度范围为1:5～1:1280;间接免疫荧光测定有90.9%的实验组家兔测出抗精子抗体。白细胞粘附抑制实验呈阳性反应者占实验组家兔的43.5%,与对照组比较差异显著。应用PEG光密度和抗补体法测定CIC均里阴性。输精管结扎后第3个月附睾肿胀者占45%,第5—7个月达70%,之后逐渐消退。而与此同时抗精子抗体阳性检出率明显增高,故可推断精子抗原主要经附睾入血,作用于免疫系统导致体液与细胞免疫反应。结扎组家兔胸腺、脾、淋巴结呈明显的增生现象支持这一结论。     

Genistein supplementation inhibits atherosclerosis with stabilization of the lesions in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

The effect of genistein on aortic atherosclerosis was studied by immunohistochemistry with RAM-11 and HHF-35 antibodies and western blotting for matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in New Zealand White rabbits. After provocation of atherosclerosis with hyperlipidemic diet, the rabbits were divided as hyperlipidemic diet group (HD), normal diet group (ND) and hyperlipidemic plus genistein diet group (HD+genistein) for 4 and half months. The average cross sectional area of atherosclerotic lesion was 0.269 mm2 after provocation. The lesion was progressed by continuous hyperlipidemic diet (10.06 mm2) but was increased mildly by genistein (0.997 mm2), and decreased by normal diet (0.228 mm2). The ratio of macrophages to smooth muscle cells in the lesion was not changed by genistein supplementation. The western blotting showed reduction of MMP-3 expression in HD+genistein and ND groups than HD group. The inhibition of atherogenesis by genistein was might be due to improve the endothelial dysfunction rather than direct action on macrophages and/or smooth muscle cells in the lesion, since endothelial dysfunction by lipid peroxidation was the main atherogenic factor in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The genistein supplementation also suggests that it helps the stabilization of the atherosclerotic lesion by inhibition of MMP-3 expression.     

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of fruit and leaf crude extracts of Momordica charantia: A Tanzania medicinal plant

Objective

To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia extracts on reference strains and microorganisms isolated from clinical specimens.

Method

Petroleum ether and methanolic crude extracts of fruits and leaves of the plant were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using the disk diffusion method on four reference microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus; and four clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi and Cryptococcus neoformans.

Result

Antimicrobial activity was observed against all the tested microorganisms with exception to P. mirabilis and C. neoformans. Methanolic crude extracts exhibited relatively broader antimicrobial spectrum of activity than petroleum ether extracts with the as lower concentration as 0.075mg/µl. Methanolic fruit crude extract displayed the broadest antimicrobial spectrum by inhibiting majority (75%) of the tested microorganisms. Neither was there synergistic nor addition effect upon mixing leaf and fruit extracts of equal concentrations derived from the same solvent.

Conclusion

Extracts of M.charantia demonstrated antimicrobial activity on tested microorganisms except on Proteus mirabilis and Cryptococcus neoformans. Fruit extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity than leaf extract. Further studies are recommended that will involve various parts of the plant, select different fractions of extracts and purify the active antimicrobial components.     

乌司他丁对心肺复苏后兔肾损伤的影响

目的: 通过观察乌司他丁(UTI)对心肺复苏(CPR)后兔肾髓质内炎症细胞浸润程度、TNF-α表达和氧化应激产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,探讨UTI对CPR后肾功能损伤的机制。方法: 24只雄性新西兰成年大白兔,采用交流电诱发室颤的方式建立CPR模型,自主循环恢复(ROSC)后动物随机分为对照(control)组和UTI治疗组,每4 h记录尿量、采血,检测尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)水平,ROSC 24 h后取肾髓质,观察炎症细胞浸润程度、TNF-α表达及MDA的含量。结果: Control组和UTI治疗组均有6只动物存活至实验结束。ROSC后2组动物的尿量均逐渐下降,8 h-16 h降至最低,随后逐渐增加,UTI组动物尿量明显多于control组(P＜0.05)。ROSC后12h-20h血清BUN和Cr达最高水平,其中ROSC后4 h UTI组明显低于control组(P＜0.05)。ROSC后24 h control组髓过氧化物酶阳性细胞数、TNF-α表达及MDA含量均高于UTI组(P＜0.05)。结论: 兔室颤5 min进行CPR,ROSC后给予UTI可减轻ROSC后24 h肾髓质内炎症细胞的浸润程度、减少TNF-α的表达和降低MDA含量,从而减轻肾功能损伤。     

羟丁基几丁糖膜修复兔硬脑膜缺损的实验研究

目的研究羟丁基几丁糖膜修复兔硬脑膜缺损的效果。方法取健康成年新西兰兔15只,颅中线两侧对称造成0.8 cm×0.8 cm硬脑膜缺损,左侧(实验组)使用羟丁基几丁糖膜覆盖硬脑膜缺损,右侧(对照组)使用生物膜(牛肌腱I型胶原)覆盖缺损,术后30、90、180 d分别处死5只实验动物,观察手术区域的大体情况及切取手术区域组织行HE染色,行成纤维细胞计数。结果实验组术后30、90、180 d,均可见羟丁基几丁糖膜下半透明新生膜形成,与周围组织无粘连;术后180 d,新生膜中成纤维细胞计数与正常兔硬脑膜比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),大体观察及HE染色下结构与正常兔硬脑膜相似性高。对照组术后90 d生物膜被吸收,手术区域形成一较厚不透明结缔组织覆盖脑表面;术后180 d,新生结缔组织成纤维细胞计数与正常兔硬脑膜比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),大体观察及HE染色观察较正常兔硬脑膜相似性低。结论羟丁基几丁糖膜修复兔硬脑膜缺损,膜下有新生膜形成,新生膜与兔正常硬脑膜相似性高,可以达到修复硬脑膜缺损的要求。     

东莨菪碱对兔脑缺血再灌注Na+-K+-ATPase活性的影响

目的 :观察再灌注损伤时脑组织Na -K -ATPase活性的改变及东莨菪碱对缺血再灌注脑组织Na -K -ATPase活性的影响。方法 :以选择性头部低温为阳性对照。通过低压低灌法造成完全性脑缺血模型。将 30只兔分为 :假手术组 (Ⅰ组 ) ,缺血组 (Ⅱ组 ) ,缺血再灌注组 (Ⅲ组 ) ,低温治疗组 (Ⅳ组 ) ,东莨菪碱治疗组 (Ⅴ组 ) ,东莨菪碱低温治疗组 (Ⅵ组 )。结果 :脑组织Na -K -ATPase活性以Ⅲ组最低 ;Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组的Na -K -ATPase活性显著高于Ⅲ组 (P分别 <0 0 5或 <0 0 1) ,与Ⅰ组无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ 3组间的Na -K -ATPase活性无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :脑组织Na -K -ATPase对缺血损伤不敏感 ,对再灌注损伤敏感 ;东莨菪碱和低温一样 ,能保护缺血后再灌注脑组织Na -K -ATPase活性 ,但东莨菪碱和低温无明显的协同作用     

柳胺苄心定对急性心肌梗塞家兔心肌血流量梗死范围及左室功能的影响

本文观察了兼有α_1受体阻断作用的β受体阻断剂柳胺苄心定(labetalol,简称Lab)对急性心肌梗塞家兔心肌血流量(放射性微球法),梗死范围及左室功能的影响,并与心得安比较。结果表明:小剂量Lab(1mg/kg)主要显示β受体阻断效应,它能减慢心率,降低心肌耗氧量,降低非梗死区心肌血流量,缩小梗死范围,其效应与心得安相似,且能改善左室舒缩功能;大剂量Lab(5mg/kg),能同时阻断α_1和β受体,它能降低动脉血压,相对增加各区心肌血流量,显著减少心肌耗氧量,缩小梗死范围。结果提示:在急性心肌梗塞治疗中,同时阻断α_1和β受体较单纯阻断β受体优越。     

转染野生型p53基因诱发家兔动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的实验研究

目的：探讨野生型p53基因对血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）的促凋亡作用在构建动脉粥样硬化（As）不稳定斑块动物模型中的价值。方法： 54只雄性新西兰纯种兔用球囊损伤腹主动脉+高脂喂养10周, 于8周末随机分成A组（p53基因组，27只）和B组（LacZ基因组，27只），在腹主动脉斑块形成处分别转染携带野生型p53基因或LacZ基因的重组腺病毒载体；2周后，A组和B组各处死10只，观察斑块的自发破裂情况。然后两组剩余实验兔给予中国斑点蝰蛇毒（CRVV）和组胺药物触发，比较两组发生斑块破裂的发生率。应用免疫组织化学染色、流式细胞仪、原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）及电镜检测基因转染部位的平滑肌细胞的凋亡情况。结果： A组TUNEL测定的凋亡阳性细胞率显著高于B组（分别为2.5%±0.8%,1.0%±0.3%，P<0.05），流式细胞仪测定的细胞凋亡率亦明显高于B组（分别为20.04%±6.20%，6.89%±1.20%，P<0.01）；电镜结果显示胞核中异染色体边聚明显，凋亡小体多见；斑块中的VSMC显著减少，纤维帽变薄以及纤维帽/内中膜厚度明显少于B组（纤维帽厚度分别为132.9±56.7，181.8±59.7，P<0.05；纤维帽/内中膜厚度0.20±0.18，0.21±0.11，P<0.05），药物触发后斑块破裂的发生率显著高于B组（分别为85.7%，23.1%，P<0.01）。结论： 外源性人野生型p53基因转染As家兔后，可促进VSMC的凋亡的发生，导致As斑块向不稳定方向发展。