高原牧区结核病及护理干预措施

目的通过对高原牧区结核患者不良心理状态原因的分析进行相关护理干预措施,提高患者及家属对结核病的正确认识,并积极配合治疗。方法通过对我院168例已确诊结核患者不良心理状态的原因,进行回顾性分析,运用口头交流、定期举办公休座谈会、发放健康教育资料、设立健康教育宣传栏、电话回访等形式,开展健康教育及心理疏导。结果经过人性化管理及主动、细致的心理护理和有效的健康教育后168例高原牧区结核患者不良心理状态均有所改善。患者及家属关于该病知识知晓率明显提高,防病、治病意识增强。结论护理人员在充分了解高原牧区患者生活习惯和心理状态的情况下,帮助患者树立对待疾病的正确态度,建立战胜疾病的信心,使患者的生理、心理感受均得到了有效改善,尊医依从性得到加强,积极配合医护人员的各项护理治疗措施,增强治疗的效果,使疾病转归向好的方向发展。出院后也能较好地遵医嘱服药,建立健康的生活习惯,降低疾病复发率,从而改善高原牧区结核病患者的身心健康及生活质量。     

心理护理对215例不孕症患者治疗效果的影响

目的观察心理护理对不孕症患者治疗效果的影响。方法将362例阴道炎患者随机分为护理组215例和对照组147例。两组均给予对症治疗,护理组在此基础上给予心理护理。观察两组受孕率、受孕时间和患者满意度情况。结果护理组受孕率和患者满意度均高于对照组,受孕时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对不孕症患者实施健康教育可提高患者疾病知识知晓率,改善患者心理状态,使患者正确面对疾病,积极治疗,从而提高受孕率和患者满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

强化健康教育配合支持性心理治疗对甲状腺功能亢进症伴失眠症患者睡眠质量、心理状态及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨强化健康教育配合支持性心理治疗对甲状腺功能亢进症伴失眠症患者睡眠质量、心理状态及生活质量的影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年1-12月收治200例甲状腺功能亢进症伴失眠症患者临床资料,根据干预方法分为观察组(n=98)和对照组(n=102)。对照组予以常规干预,观察组在对照组基础上增加强化健康教育联合支持性心理治疗。比较两组疾病相关知识掌握程度,评估干预前、干预3月后两组心理状态[症状自评量表(SCL-90)]、睡眠质量[匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)]、生活质量[Spitzer生存质量指数评定量表(QLI)]。结果:①干预3个月后,观察组甲亢疾病知识调查问卷得分高于对照组(t=13.274,8.870,6.546;P0.05);②干预3个月后,两组SCL-90得分中躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧因子得分均低于干预前,观察组降幅大于对照组(t=-2.720,-2.517,-5.653,-4.007,-3.966,-2.191,-3.036;P0.05),偏执、精神病性因子干预前后及组间得分对比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);③干预3个月后,两组PSQI得分均低于干预前(P0.05),两组QLI得分均高于干预前,观察组变动幅度大于对照组(t=-6.697,P0.05)。结论:强化健康教育配合支持性心理治疗应用于甲亢伴失眠患者效果良好,对其睡眠质量、心理状态及生活质量均能产生积极影响。     

心理干预对晚期肿瘤患者心理状态的影响

目的探讨心理干预对提高晚期肿瘤患者生活质量和改善心理状态的临床意义。方法 152例晚期肿瘤患者随机分为观察组和对照组各76例;对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予心理干预;比较两组患者心理状态和生活质量评分。结果观察组易怒、冷漠、恐惧等不良心理状态比例均低于对照组(χ2=4.61,4.22,25.13;P0.05);饮食、睡眠、精神、疾病认知、治疗配合等项目评分均明显高于对照组(χ2=5.21,5.86,6.85,7.30,4.45;P0.01)。结论心理干预对晚期肿瘤患者在稳定情绪、疾病认知、治疗配合方面均起到了积极促进作用,可以明显改善患者生活质量和心理状态。     

心理弹性训练配合分阶段健康教育对胃癌根治术患者心理状态、应对方式和生活质量的影响

目的:分析心理弹性训练配合分阶段健康教育对胃癌根治术患者心理状态、应对方式和生活质量的影响。方法:选取2017年1月-2017年12月在我院接受胃癌根治术治疗的150例患者,根据随机数字表分为观察组及对照组各75例,对照组按本科室常规进行健康宣教及心理干预,观察组给予心理弹性训练配合分阶段健康教育,比较两组心理弹性量(CD-RISC)评分、简明心境状态量表(POMS)评分、特质应对方式测量问卷(TCSQ)评分及癌症患者生命质量量表(FACT-G)评分。结果:干预后,观察组CD-RISC评分显著高于对照组(t=4.314,P0.05);观察组POMS评分中消极情绪得分显著低于对照组(t=8.786,P0.05),积极情绪得分显著高于对照组(t=7.186,P0.05);观察组TCSQ评分中积极应对得分显著高于对照组(t=6.479,P0.05),消极应对得分显著低于对照组(t=6.900,P0.05);观察组FACT-G评分生理状况、情感状况、社会或家庭状况、功能状况各维度得分均高于对照组(t=4.089,3.387,2.057,3.359;P0.05),观察组总生活质量得分优于对照组(t=5.754,P0.05)。结论:心理弹性训练配合分阶段健康教育用于胃癌根治术患者中,可以增强患者心理弹性,改善心理状态,促进患者积极应对,有利于提升生活质量。     

乙肝患者的心理问题分析及护理效果

目的：分析乙肝患者的心理问题以及护理干预效果。方法2012年1月~2013年1月我科390例乙肝患者心理问题分析,并针对患者存在的不同问题进行心理护理、健康指导。结果护理干预后390例患者不同程度的减轻或消除了心理障碍,积极地接受治疗顺利出院。结论加强对乙肝患者的心理护理工作,可消除或减轻患者的心理障碍,帮助患者正确认识疾病积极配合治疗,取得良好的效果。     

健康宣教在消化道肿瘤适形放疗期间的应用

目前，随着现代医学模式的变化，以病人为中心的治疗原则始终贯穿于护理工作全过程。经过护理人员有计划、有目的健康宣教，在使病人增强健康知识，提高自我保健能力，积极配合医疗护理，尽快恢复健康的重要性方面取得了较好的效果。特别是恶性肿瘤的治疗护理方面，更需要护士通过健康教育的实施，做好心理指导，使病人处于最佳的心理状态，以积极配合治疗。适形放射治疗（X-刀）是近年来治疗消化道恶性肿瘤的一项新技术，对于提高病人的生存期及生存质量具有明显效果。我科自2005年以来收治消化道恶性肿瘤48例，均采用整体护理，对病人实施相应的健康宣教，现将护理体会总结如下：     

健康教育路径应用于甲状腺功能亢进患者护理中的效果研究

目的：探讨健康教育路径在甲状腺功能亢进患者中的临床应用效果。方法：选取2015年8月至2016年2月我院收治的156例甲状腺功能亢进患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组(常规护理)和研究组(常规护理+健康教育路径),比较两组患者护理满意度、健康知识水平、服药依从性、临床治疗效果。结果：研究组配合度、心理舒适度、便捷度及平均满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。健康知识水平及服药依从性干预前组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后研究组健康知识水平及服药依从性均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组症状消失时间、与指标恢复正常时间短于对照组,甲状腺体积较对照组小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：健康教育路径对甲状腺功能亢进患者服药依从性和健康知识水平改善效果显著,可促进护理满意度及临床疗效的提升。     

个性化健康教育卡对眼耳鼻喉患者的应用效果分析

目的 研究眼耳鼻喉患者有效的健康教育方式.方法 随机将60例眼耳鼻喉患者分为观察组(30)例和对照组(30)例.对照组行常规健康教育,观察组采用个性化健康教育进行健康教育.采用自制问卷调查进行健康教育内容掌握程度的测评.结果 观察组健康教育内容的掌握程度显著优于对照组(P<0.01).结论 健康教育方式与患者对疾病的认识及配合治疗护理密切相关,个性化健康教育有利于眼耳鼻喉患者认知疾病,配合治疗护理并促进早日康复.     

甲状腺手术患者的心理及护理

我院地处甲状腺疾病高发区,了解甲状腺手术患者的心理状态,有的放矢地做好心理护理,是使手术获得成功,患者早日康复的重要一环。为此,我们对1985年8月至1986年4月收治的76例甲状腺手术患者进行心理状态调查,并结合心理护理初步总结如下:     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.