股二头肌长头肌瓣联合半V形股后筋膜皮瓣修复坐骨结节压疮

目的 观察应用股二头肌长头肌瓣联合半V形股后筋膜皮瓣修复坐骨结节压疮的临床疗效. 方法 选择2004年4月-2010年6月2家笔者单位收治的坐骨结节深度压疮患者8例共10处创面,压疮范围2cm×2 cm～6 cm ×4cm.设计股二头肌长头肌瓣和半V形股后筋膜皮瓣进行修复,其中股后筋膜皮瓣大小为10 cm ×6 cm ～13 cm×8 cm.统计术后皮瓣成活情况,并进行远期随访. 结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,其中9处压疮切口术后顺利愈合;1处因皮瓣下积液引流部位形成窦道,经换药治疗于术后25 d愈合.随访7～34个月,7例患者的皮瓣质地柔软,外形良好,无破溃;1例患者术后9个月压疮复发,再次利用该皮瓣修复得以愈合. 结论 该联合皮瓣手术操作简单、损伤小、抗压效果好、可重复利用,是修复坐骨结节压疮的一种新方法.     

Perineum reconstruction with pedicled anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap

Eighteen pedicled anterolateral thigh perforator island flaps were used for complex perineal reconstructions between May 2003 and May 2005. The patients' average age was 48.6 years (range, 32 to 64 years), and the average follow-up period was 8 months (range, 2 to 13). In 7 cases, the perforator was septocutaneous and in 11 it was intramuscular. The application of the pedicled anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap is described perineum reconstruction. The size of the perineum defects ranged from 6 x 9 cm to 16 x 17 cm, and the size of the transferred flap ranged from 8 x 11 cm to 18 x 20 cm. All flaps survived. One patient developed minor wound dehiscence in the posterior aspect of the perineal wound because of fecal contamination and skin maceration. The esthetic appearance of the reconstructed perineum was good. Despite a variable vascular anatomy that can give rise to some surgical challenge in raising the flap, the authors conclude that this is a safe and reliable flap for perineal reconstruction.     

Coverage of an ischial pressure ulcer with an interpolated contralateral posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap.

The ipsilateral posterior thigh flap has become one of the workhorses for the closure of ischial pressure ulcers. We treated a 40-year-old paraplegic patient with a right ischial pressure ulcer, in whom all ipsilateral flap options had been expended or were precluded by scars. A contralateral left posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap interpolated subcutaneously across the midline provided successful coverage.     

Covering of ischial pressure sores using a fasciocutaneous flap from the posterior surface of thigh (modified Griffith method) after mattressing with the biceps femoris. Apropos of 11 cases]

The ischial region is the commonest site for pressure sores in paraplegics capable of sitting. The choice of treatment must be guided by two imperatives: the need for a thick tissue cover (mattressing) and perfect trophicity, the risk of recurrence which always remains possible. The association of a modified Griffith fasciocutaneous flap from the posterior surface of the thigh and a hamstring muscle flap (preferably biceps femoris) providing mattressing of the ischial region, appears to satisfy these imperatives. The other repair procedures are discussed in order to ensure the best management of the paraplegic patient's cutaneous capital, due to the continual risk of a new pressure sore or a recurrence of the ischial pressure sore.     

阴股沟岛状瓣在会阴区修复重建中的应用

目的:验证阴股沟皮瓣作为岛状皮瓣在性器官和会阴区重建修复中应用的多样性.方法:本文报道了15例采用双侧阴股沟皮瓣阴道再造术(先天性阴道闭锁10例,女性假两性畸形3例,肿瘤切除术后阴道缺损2例);单侧阴股沟皮瓣修复直肠阴道瘘(1例)和会阴部严重瘢痕导致后尿道部缺损(1例).结果:32例阴股沟皮瓣全部存活.其中,有2例患者的伤口部分裂开,2例患者阴道口处需要微小的矫正.虽然部分皮瓣处有毛发生长,但术后皮瓣的功能良好.结论:应用阴股沟皮瓣修复重建性器官和会阴区手术操作简单、安全、可靠,供区瘢痕比较隐蔽,其应用具有多样性.     

Scrotal reconstruction following Fournier's gangrene using the medial thigh fasciocutaneous flap

Scrotal reconstruction with adequate protection of the testicles remains the challenge following Fournier's gangrene. Early single-staged sensate flap coverage is ideal. This is readily accomplished using the medial thigh fasciocutaneous flap based on the longitudinal axiallty of the anteromedial thigh suprafascial plexus. Only a single lower extremity need be violated, and the ipsilateral gracilis muscle may be simultaneously independently elevated for closure of larger defects. Primary donor site closure obviates the need for skin grafts.     

Lower abdominal wall reconstruction using the anterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap.

Full thickness defects of the lower abdominal wall are uncommon. They can occur in congenital abdominal wall defects, acute trauma and following resection of soft tissue tumours. In reconstruction of defects not amenable to primary closure, three problems need to be addressed: (i) the fascial layer needs to be reconstructed; (ii) stable and sensate skin coverage is needed as the lower abdominal waistline area is subject to pressure; (iii) it is desirable to restore the contour of the abdominal wall.We present a case with a large area of radiation dermatitis and recurrence of a malignant ovarian tumour in the lower abdominal wall. After en bloc resection the 25 x 6 cm lower abdominal defect was reconstructed with a sensate anterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap. The vascular supply was reliable and the outcome was good. The reasons for using this fasciocutaneous flap in preference to the other options are discussed.     

股前外侧皮瓣在下腹部慢性溃疡修复中的应用

目的：探讨股前外侧皮瓣在下腹部慢性溃疡中的作用,为其临床应用提供依据;方法：2005年10月～2008年12月间,对5例不同原因引起的下腹部慢性溃疡患者进行修复,术前根据腹部组织缺损的大小设计以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的岛状股前外侧皮瓣,充分游离血管蒂部,在合适张力下经过皮下或开放隧道将皮瓣带蒂转移至下腹部创面,供区直接缝合或植皮修复。结果：所有5例患者,皮瓣均存活良好,无远端坏死,术后加强供瓣肢体功能锻炼,术后随访3～6月,皮瓣及组织缺损区域外形良好。结论：采用股前外侧皮瓣治疗下腹部慢性溃疡,可以取得满意的临床效果,外形厚薄比较一致,可以作为修复下腹部组织缺损的理想方法之一。     

Deepithelized fasciocutaneous flap for labia majora augmentation during thigh lift

Labioplasty currently entails, other than labia minora reduction, labia majora skin excisional contouring and fat grafting. To restore fullness in a postbariatric patient, a technique was developed for labia majora augmentation using an anteriorly based adipofascial flap raised from the dispensable inner thigh lift crescent. The labiocrural crease delineated the flap medial border while the extent of the thigh redundancy determined its lateral border. A pocket in the labium was created and the flap was inserted. The procedure succeeded on one side and failed on the other, due to postoperative squeezing evacuation of a hematoma retracted the unattached flap. This labium was refilled later with fat grafting. Both for flap-insertion and fat-grafted labia showed almost symmetrical volumes after 1 year. Anatomical studies are necessary to accurately identify the flap blood supply. A large series is required to support the procedure as being safe and reliable.     

Medial fasciocutaneous flap of thigh for release of post-burn groin contractures

Post-burn groin contractures, though uncommon, cause some patients distressing symptoms which are difficult to treat. Recurrence of contracture and symptoms is common and multiple operations are often required to control symptoms. We describe the use of the medial thigh fasciocutaneous flap for release of these contractures. Six flaps have been raised in four patients and symptomatic relief has been excellent in three. There have been no contracture recurrences.     

Sensate anterolateral thigh perforator flap for ischiatic sores reconstruction in meningomyelocele patients

Recidivating pressure sores are a frequent complication in meningomyelocele patients because of their limitation in motility and their scarce ability to monitor the pressure applied on insensate areas while seated. We report the utilization of the sensate pedicled anterolateral thigh perforator flap for reconstruction of ischiatic sores in meningomyelocele patients. Between May 2011 and September 2013, five patients underwent transfer of a sensate pedicled anterolateral thigh flap, by an intermuscular passageway through the upper thigh, to reach the ischial defect. Flap was properly harvested from the thigh after assessment of the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve sensitive area with the Pressure‐Specified Sensory Device. In all cases the flap reached the ischial defect harmlessly, healing was uneventful with no immediate nor late complications. Each patient showed persistence of sensitivity at the reconstructed area and no recurrent ischiatic sore was observed at mean follow‐up of 26.4 months. The sensate pedicled anterolateral thigh flap is a valuable solution for coverage of recurrent ischial sores in meningomyelocele patients, in which pressure consciousness is fundamental. The intermuscular passageway allows to reduce the distance between flap's vascular pedicle origin and the ischial defect, hence to use the more reliable skin from the middle third of the anterolateral thigh. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:279–283, 2015.     

小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣血供的解剖观察及临床应用

目的 研究小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣的血供基础,评价该岛状皮瓣修复膝关节前区组织缺损的临床效果.方法 通过文献回顾总结,在8具16侧尸体小腿后区解剖学研究基础上,临床应用以小腿外侧腓肠浅血管和外侧腓肠皮神经为蒂的岛状筋膜皮瓣,修复膝关节前区组织缺损共10例.结果 小腿后区浅层共有外侧、中间、内侧3套腓肠浅血管系统,它们分别从膪动脉直接发出,或从两侧供养腓肠肌的腓肠动脉发出,而小腿外侧腓肠浅血管的出现率为100%.临床共应用10例,9例完全成活,1例远端1/4部分坏死,经换药后愈合.术后随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形满意,感觉良好.结论 小腿后侧岛状筋膜皮瓣是一个血供稳定、丰富,含有丰富保护性感觉神经的皮瓣,是修复膝关节周围软组织缺损的较好方法.     

Myocutaneous flap in the treatment of pressure sores

Thirty cases of large pressure sores were treated by myocutaneous flaps (39 flaps) and the cure rate was 92%. Of them, 15 pressure sores were treated by gluteus maximus myocutaneous flaps, 12 in the greater trochanteric area by tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flaps, 7 in the ischiatic area by gracilis myocutaneous flaps and 4 in the ischiatic area biceps femoris myocutaneous flaps, 2 by a abductor hallucis myocutaneous flap and a flexor digitorum brevis myocutaneous flap. In author's opinion, myocutaneous flap transposition is simple, safe and reliable method in treating large pressure sores. These flaps increased the blood flow on recipient sites through its own intrinsic blood vessels so as to accelerate wound healing.     

臀上部改良菱形筋膜皮瓣修复骶尾部褥疮的临床应用

目的探讨臀上部改良菱形筋膜皮瓣修复骶尾部褥疮的方法及疗效。方法 2004年1月-2011年3月,收治骶尾部褥疮43例。男25例,女18例;年龄38～95岁,平均63岁。褥疮发生时间3个月～2年6个月,平均8.5个月。褥疮范围6 cm×5 cm～18 cm×13 cm。按褥疮范围及病变程度分度:Ⅲ度23例,Ⅳ度20例。采用改良菱形皮瓣设计方法,应用单侧(19例)或双侧(24例)臀上部筋膜皮瓣移位修复。一侧皮瓣切取范围为6.5 cm×4.5 cm～18.0 cm×11.5 cm。结果术后7 d发生皮瓣下积液1例,皮瓣边缘部分坏死3例,经引流、换药处理后皮瓣成活;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者术后均获随访,随访时间6个月～3年,平均11个月。2例分别于术后5个月和8个月褥疮复发;其余患者均无复发,皮瓣颜色正常,外观及弹性良好。结论采用臀上部改良菱形筋膜皮瓣修复骶尾部褥疮具有设计及操作相对简便、手术损伤小的优点,效果可靠。     

Reconstruction of the axilla with a posterior arm fasciocutaneous flap.

We present our experience with the use of the posterior arm fasciocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of 22 axillae in 17 patients. These patients all suffered from long-standing, severe hidradenitis suppurativa and this flap was used to reconstruct the axilla after surgical excision of the whole hair-bearing area of the axilla and the underlying axillary disease. In most cases, excision included all of the axillary contents up to the axillary vessels but excluded the apex of the axilla. Nineteen axillae were reconstructed with a pedicled flap. Three axillae were reconstructed more recently with an island flap. All reconstructions were achieved without flap complications.     

拇指桡侧血管筋膜蒂第Ⅰ掌骨侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨以拇指桡侧血管筋膜为蒂的第１掌骨背侧皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 设计以线指桡掌侧动脉掌指关节周围分支为主要血供来源,经拇指背静脉通过头静脉及拇指深静脉为主要回流途径的血管筋膜常皮瓣,逆行移位或带蒂移位修复拇、示、中、环指软组织抽损创面１４例。结果 １例皮瓣部分远端坏死,２例早期皮瓣呈红紫色并水泡,其余成活良好。术后随访３个月至１年,皮瓣质地良好,不臃肿,有感觉。结论 该皮瓣血     

Reverse-flow posterior tibial island flap: preliminary report of a new fasciocutaneous flap

Septocutaneous vessels constitute an important source of skin circulation in the leg and form the basis of various fasciocutaneous flaps that have useful clinical applications. In 1978, Goufan and Baogui described a flap from the forearm based on the radial artery (Chinese forearm flap). With this in mind, the reverse-flow posterior tibial fasciocutaneous flap (Thai leg flap, or TLF) was designed and successfully transferred clinically to cover lower leg and foot defects in 2 patients. The factors that permit a distally based flap to be raised in the lower leg against the direction of the venous valves, and the backflow of arterial blood, are also described. The versatility, advantages, and disadvantages of this new flap in the reconstruction of defects of the lower leg and foot are discussed.