磁流变抛光高精度光学表面中的工艺参数

对磁流变抛光进行高精度光学表面加工中必须考虑和控制的7类参数,即磁流变液黏度、磁场强度、磁流变液流量、抛光轮转速、锻带厚度、切深以及抛光斑点特性进行分析和优化,得出单因素条件下材料的去除量总是同这7类参数的变化存在一定的内在联系．在分析和优化磁流变抛光过程中这些参数的基础上,采用自研的KDMRF-1000机床对一块K4材料口径100mm的平面镜进行了抛光加工实验．经过两次循环大约200min的抛光后．面形误差值由最初的峰谷值（PV）为262nm,均方根值（RMS）为49nm收敛到最终的PV为55nm,RMS为5．7nm实验中面形误差的收敛表明：只要掌握了磁流变抛光过程中的这7种参数的变化规律,就能充分利用磁流变抛光技术,为高精度光学表面的加工提供可靠的保障．     

自由曲面的CNC直接插补加工技术

在ＣＮＣ系统上直接根据曲面几何定义与加工工艺参数对多轴贡面加工的连续运动轨迹进行实时插补控制，在ＣＮＣ上直接在ＡＰＴ高级语言编程，极大地科化了零件程序，并可在线修改与补偿机床运动结构、刀具形状尺寸及加工作量等工艺参数，使曲在线曲面精加工经济而高效。在单ＣＰＵ硬件环境下实现了从一般二次曲线到复杂的参数组合曲面，从两轴加工到复杂的五轴联动功能，可采用多种加工刀具与加工方式，可实时检测与处理刀具干涉，并     

磁流变抛光驻留时间算法

针对磁流变抛光去除量与驻留时间呈线性关系特点,本文以Preston方程为依据,根据磁流变抛光专用机床的运动形式,提出了基于矩阵的磁流变抛光驻留时间算法,该算法通过调整各点驻留时间控制光学器件表面的去除量,达到面形误差修正的目的,适用于非球面等可用通用光学方程表示的回转对称曲面.仿真实验结果表明,采用该算法仿真加工可以使球形表面面形误差收敛至十几个纳米.通过对K9光学玻璃球面进行的磁流变抛光实验,获得了表面粗糙度Ra0.636 nm的球形表面,面形精度P-V值由抛光前的158.219nm减小到52.14 nm,验证了驻留时间算法的合理性.     

油基磁流变液的开发及抛光性能研究

磁流变抛光技术可用于具有超光滑要求光学元件的超精密制造。在明确磁流变抛光机理的基础上,开发了油基磁流变抛光液,其体积比配方是:33.84%的羰基铁,57.34%的硅油,6%的氧化铈,2.82%的稳定剂。抛光液初始粘度达到0.5Pas,流变性具有较大范围的稳定性能。实验中,利用磁流变液在外磁场作用下形成的强剪切应力对一平面K9玻璃进行了可控抛光,结果证明其具有良好的抛光特性,抛光23分钟后工件表面粗糙度降低到0.6739nm。     

永磁流变抛光中磁流变液的性能研究

利用永磁流变抛光技术制造超光滑光学元件是一项极具前景的超精密制造技术.本文在明确磁流变抛光机理的基础上,主要对一种新颖的油基磁流变抛光液进行了配制,并对其主要性能如流变性、稳定性进行了试验研究,所获得的油基磁流变液的初始粘度达到0.5 Pa·s,流变性具有较大范围内的稳定性.对油基磁流变液抛光性能的试验研究证明其具有良好的抛光特性,抛光23min后工件表面粗糙度降低到0.6739nm.     

抛光用磁流变液的研究

磁流变抛光是一种新兴的先进光学加工技术,已引起人们广泛关注.本文综述了磁流变抛光技术的应用状况及抛光机理,介绍了抛光用磁流变液的制备原理、制备方法及流变特性.并对影响抛光用磁流变液稳定性的因素及改进方法进行了详细分析,最后展望了今后的研究方向.     

非圆回转曲面CNC 磨削加工轨迹直接插补技术研究

针对非圆回转曲面数控磨削加工轨迹插补特点,动用曲面直接插补（ＳＤＩ）思想,提出一种适合于非圆回转曲面类零件轨迹处理的集成式ＣＮＣ轨迹插补模式,并系统研究了实时插补中加工工艺余量智能决策方法和轨迹自生成原理等,成功地解决了非圆回转曲面磨削加工的轨迹实时插补控制问题。     

磁流变抛光（MRF）技术的发展

对磁流变抛光技术20多年来的发展作了简要的回顾，介绍了磁流变液的组成、抛光机理及磁流变抛光技术的产生、发展和最新研究情况，并对其发展未来进行了展望。     

磁流变抛光中的磁场与磁流变液缎带成型分析

利用标量磁位对磁流变抛光中的磁场进行了分析计算,并根据磁偶极子在磁场空间受力的模型,对磁流变液中的磁性微粉颗粒的受力进行理论推导,进一步分析磁流变液形成单一稳定缎带凸起的条件。理论分析经过试验验证,证明分析是正确的。     

Development of magnetorheological finishing process for external cylindrical surfaces

The recent increase in demand for functional and technological requirements of the component results in the development of complex geometrical shapes and that too with close tolerances and fine surface quality. To fulfill the needs for finishing the external cylindrical surfaces such as groove, taper, step surfaces, and threads, an advanced finishing process based on magnetorheological (MR) fluid has been developed. The developed process can finish the external cylindrical surfaces with controlled magnetic field as likely similar to turning operation. Fine finishing of external cylindrical surfaces is a significant requirement in many functional applications. The wide applications of this present process can be valuable in automotive, machine tool production, valves manufacturing, and aerospace. A modified new MR finishing tool with flat and curved tip surface has been made to perform finishing on external cylindrical surfaces. The present cylindrical finished workpiece is useful in macaroni manufacturing machine. The surface roughness values Ra, Rq, and Rz are reduced to 54.41%, 51.65%, and 40% with flat tool tip surface and 80.88%, 81.32%, and 82.5% with curved tool tip surface in 90 min of finishing time. The overall results reported that the present process with curved tool tip surface is comparatively more useful in finishing the external cylindrical surfaces.     

Improved magnetorheological finishing process with rectangular core tip for external cylindrical surfaces

Finishing of the external surface of cylindrical components at nano-level using magnetorheological process has witnessed for rising demand in the manufacturing industries to improve its functional applications. In this paper, the best required shape of the tool core tip surface in the magnetorheological finishing process is attempted to design for improving the efficiency of the process on external cylindrical surfaces. The different shapes of the tool core tip surface are designed, and their performance was analysed with the help of magnetostatic finite element analysis. The design of a rectangular shaped tool core tip surface is found more effective for uniform and higher flux density. The experiments are conducted on the cylindrical external surface using the recently developed rectangular and existing circular shaped tool core tip surfaces. After the magnetorheological finishing with rectangular and circular shaped tool core tip surfaces, the final surface roughness values get reduced to 18 nm and 45 nm from the initial value of 310 nm. Surface waviness, characteristics and mirror images are also found better while magnetorheological finishing performed using the rectangular core tip surface. Hence, the rectangular shaped design of the tool core tip surface is found to be more useful in improving the effectiveness of the present process.     

A new magnetorheological finishing process for ferromagnetic cylindrical honed surfaces

In today’s industries, the internal surface finishing of cylindrical objects is highly demanded to improve their functional performance in various engineering applications. During the traditional honing operation, the finishing forces produced by abrasives on the workpiece surface are not easily controllable and also produce various surface defects. Therefore, to further improve the surface integrity of the traditionally cylindrical honed surface made of ferromagnetic or non-ferromagnetic materials, a new magnetorheological (MR) finishing process has been used with a controlled magnetic field. The experimentation is performed on the honed surface made of gray cast iron, which is generally used as a cylinder liner. The percentage change in surface roughness values, i.e., Ra, Rq and Rz, reduced by 77.44%, 70.16% and 72.16%, respectively, with better improvement in surface after 90 minutes of finishing. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of present process for improving the functional applications of ferromagnetic cylindrical honed surface after removing the various surface defects such as deeper grooves, honing grooves with shaper edges, torn and folded metals, and cavities or holes. The applications of new MR finishing process can also be useful in the internal finishing of injection barrel of a molding machine, cylindrical molds and dies, hydraulic cylinder, etc.     

Analysis of particles in magnetorheological polishing fluid for finishing of ferromagnetic cylindrical workpiece

Magnetorheological honing process is developed for nanofinishing of internal surfaces of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic cylindrical objects. The process makes use of smart fluid called magnetorheological (MR) polishing fluid for finishing which has a property to become stiff in the existence of magnetic field. The smart MR polishing fluid is made with the ingredients of carbonyl iron (CI) particles, abrasive particles, and base fluid. Direct current given to the electromagnet coil engenders magnetic field on finishing tool surface. Magnetic force acts on magnetic CI particles which further exert the repulsive force on nonmagnetic silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive particles and performs finishing when tool rotates as well as reciprocates inside the cylindrical workpiece. The CI and SiC particles present in MR polishing fluid are magnetically simulated and analyzed using finite element (FE) analysis. The distribution of magnetic flux density and magnitude of magnetic force acting on CI particles are analyzed through FE analysis. It is found that the CI particles which are available adjacent to the active abrasives are major responsible for indenting the active abrasive particles into workpiece surface. Also, the effect of finishing tool surface areas and particles size on the strength of chains of CI particles in MR polishing fluid have been analyzed.     

光互连网络中排序算法研究

通过对光互连网络排序算法的研究,提出利用二分法构造二分图依次确定内外节点开关的连接状态,得到可重排无阻塞的 Omega 网络, Banyan 网络和 Crossover 光网络,每种光互连网络都可实现 8×8 信号全排列无阻塞的输出和排序。针对二分法互连函数不一致的问题,继而采用优化的 Looping Algorithm 算法,生成路由标签确定各级节点开关的状态,从而得到互连函数相同结构简单性能优越的光网络。     

Synthesis of polishing fluid and novel approach for nanofinishing of copper using ball-end magnetorheological finishing process

Ball-end magnetorheological (MR) finishing process utilizes the magnetically controlled stiffened ball of an MR fluid for finishing purposes. Copper is a mechanically soft and chemically reactive material, so it is difficult to finish up to the nanometer-order level by traditional and most of the advanced finishing processes. In this research work, the problems associated with ball-end MR finishing of copper have been explored and a fluid composition suitable for the finishing of copper has been developed. A novel approach using two opposite magnetic poles has been used to enhance the magnetic flux density distribution between the tool tip and the copper workpiece surface. The same has been magnetically simulated and verified experimentally. The effect of fluid composition parameters has been analyzed by the statistical model developed by response surface. After 30 minutes of finishing time, a nano-finished surface with very few shallow scratches was achieved.     

改进遗传单纯形混合算法在光纤对接中的应用

本文首先给出了纤端光场分布的3D模型并针对单模光纤与激光器的对接分析了错位、角度偏差等对接效率影响因素。通过与传统的爬山法进行比较,提出将遗传单纯形混合算法应用到光纤对接中。单纯形法是一种局部搜索方法,这种寻优方法收敛速度快,它与遗传算法组合起来可以改善单独使用遗传算法收敛速度慢的缺陷。同时,针对光纤对接要求初始种群小所造成的个体多样性差的缺点,改进了单纯形的反射、压缩系数,有效地避免了遗传操作的过早收敛,并通过仿真结果证明了混合算法可以在10代之内找到光纤对接的最佳耦合点。     

一种基于模型的光学层析图像重建方法

光学层析图像重建是个病态问题,测量误差会在重建过程中被放大,对此,提出一种以广义高斯马尔可夫随机场模型为先验信息的光学层析图像重建方法.重建过程是对目标函数的优化过程,目标函数关于光学参数的梯度计算是算法中的难点,因此,提出一种基于梯度树的梯度计算方法.文中分别给出了吸收系数和散射系数的重建结果,并引入三个指标因子衡量重建图像的质量,进而列出不同重建算法下,重建图像的指标值.最后通过对重建结果和指标因子取值的比较,分析基于模型的重建算法的有效性.