Ti/BDD涂层电极的制备及其电化学性能研究

本文在热丝化学气相沉积(HFCVD)系统上,采用不同的工艺参数进行了钛衬底掺硼金刚石(Ti/BDD)涂层电极的制备试验,研究了衬底温度和碳源浓度对Ti/BDD涂层电极质量的影响,优化了制备Ti/BDD涂层电极的工艺条件.结果表明,沉积Ti/BDD涂层电极最合适的衬底温度为770 ℃,最适宜的C/H为2.0%.采用循环伏安法研究了用优化的工艺参数制备的Ti/BDD涂层电极的电化学性能,结果表明Ti/BDD涂层电势窗口宽、析氧电位高、背景电流小,是一种有广阔应用前景的电极材料.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷表面化学气相沉积Ni涂层及其与Cu润湿性

将NiCl2·6H2O经过脱水干燥后得到的NiCl2粉末作为原料,采用化学气相沉积技术通过H2还原反应,在Al2O3陶瓷表面沉积了Ni涂层。研究了涂层的相组成、涂层与Al2O3陶瓷结合力和涂层与铜熔液间的润湿行为。结果表明:制备的涂层中的主要组分为Ni,Ni涂层均匀、致密,厚度可达40μm,且涂层与陶瓷之间的结合良好。座滴法测得沉积Ni涂层的Al2O3陶瓷与Cu之间的润湿角为30.15°,表明涂层明显改善了陶瓷与金属间的润湿性。     

无压烧结制备Ti–Al–C系三元层状陶瓷

以TiC粉、Al粉、Ti粉为原料,采用无压烧结工艺制备高纯Ti–Al–C三元层状陶瓷,探究了烧结温度、烧结时间、烧结助剂等对Ti–Al–C系三元层状陶瓷制备的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内提高烧结温度和烧结时间能减少杂质相的产生,不添加助剂情况下在1 400℃下保温3 h能得到80%(质量分数)以上的Ti–Al–C系三元层状陶瓷,该条件下掺入少量Si粉或Sn粉能得到高纯Ti–Al–C系三元层状陶瓷。TiC、Al、Ti和Si质量比为2.0:1.2:1.0:0.1的原料粉末在1 400℃保温3 h能得到纯度99%以上的Ti_3AlC_2陶瓷,TiC、Al、Ti和Sn质量比为2.0:1.2:1.0:0.1与TiC、Al、Ti和Sn质量比为1.0:1.2:1.0:0.1的原料粉末在1 400℃保温3 h均能制备出纯度99%的以Ti_3AlC_2为主晶相的Ti_3AlC_2/Ti_2AlC复相陶瓷。     

工艺调控对原位合成Ti3AlC2陶瓷的影响

以TiC、Ti和Al粉为原材料,采用冷压预成型-热压辅助工艺原位制备Ti3 AlC2陶瓷.借助反应吉布斯自由能分析TiC-Ti-Al体系的合成机制,采用XRD和SEM分析工艺因素如升温速率、Al含量、烧结温度和压坯尺寸对原位合成Ti3 AlC2陶瓷的影响.结果表明,通过调控工艺,成功合成了高纯度Ti3 AlC2陶瓷,Ti3 AlC2具有典型的层状结构.该反应体系的最佳升温速率为:1000℃之前,20℃/min; 1000℃之后,10℃/min.用纳米TiC粉替代微米TiC粉,烧结温度由1450℃降至1350℃,且Ti3 AlC2的合成纯度更高.当采用大尺寸压坯时,发生了“热爆”现象,非平衡相较多,Ti3 AlC2的生成含量较低,且样品开裂严重.Ti3 AlC2的合成过程为:Ti与Al反应生成TiAl金属间化合物,接着TiAl与TiC反应生成Ti3AlC2.     

退役炉管内表面二氧化硅涂层的制备及抗结焦性能研究

采用常压化学气相沉积法在退役Fe-Cr-Ni炉管内表面制备了SiO2涂层,对其抗结焦性能进行了研究。运用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散谱仪分析了原始退役炉管及SiO2涂层的表面形貌和组织结构;考察了在乙烯裂解的工艺条件下SiO2涂层的抗结焦能力,并对其抗热冲击性能进行了研究。结果表明,所制备的涂层表面完整、粒子结合致密,结焦试验2 h的结焦抑制率为70.6%;涂层可以经受7次900℃高温水冷热冲击试验。采用常压化学气相沉积法在炉管内表面制备SiO2涂层是行之有效的抑制结焦的方法。     

低温化学气相沉积SiC涂层显微结构及晶体结构研究

在CH_3SiCl_3-H_2体系中,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在1000～1300℃制备了SiC涂层。研究了SiC涂层的沉积速率和温度之间的关系,发现低温化学气相沉积SiC为动力学控制过程,反应的表观活化能为85～156 kJ/mol。SiC涂层的外观颜色及涂层表面的显微结构随沉积温度变化而呈现规律的变化:当沉积温度<1150℃时,SiC涂层的外观颜色为银白色,涂层表面致密、光滑;当温度≥1150℃时,SiC涂层外观颜色逐渐变暗,涂层表面变得疏松、粗糙。利用XRD分析了不同沉积温度下SiC涂层的晶体结构,随着温度的升高,SiC涂层的结晶由不完整趋向于完整;当沉积温度≥1150℃,SiC涂层的XRD谱图中除了β-SiC外还出现了少量α-SiC。     

纳米Al2O3粉体的热处理工艺参数的优化

以醇铝溶胶-凝胶法制得的水合氧化铝粉为实验原料,通过正交设计,运用(L934)正交表安排热处理实验对水合氧化铝进行热处理,制备具有不同颗粒特性纳米氧化铝粉体,探讨热处理工艺参数对纳米氧化铝颗粒特性的影响规律,优化纳米氧化铝的热处理工艺参数。结果表明:热处理工艺是影响纳米氧化铝颗粒特性的一个重要因素。热处理工艺参数对Al2O3粒子颗粒特性的影响由强到弱的次序为:煅烧温度、煅烧温度点的保温时间、水合氧化铝300℃分解温度点的保温时间;通过控制其热处理工艺参数,可获得一定尺寸范围内的大小均匀、分散性好的球形γ-Al2O3粉体;制备尺寸为8nm的球形γ-Al2O3粉体的最佳的热处理工艺参数为:煅烧温度900℃,煅烧温度点保温4h,300℃温度点不保温。     

工艺参数对反应烧结AIN陶瓷的影响

以Al,AlN粉为原料，采用反应烧结技术制备AlN陶瓷。Al粉含量、Al粉粒径、成型压力和升温制度是RBAN的重要工艺参数，优化工艺参数可制备出性能良好的AlN陶瓷。Al体积分数45％,1700℃温度下可制备出烧结密度为93％，抗弯强度为292MPa的AlN陶瓷。     

沉积温度对气凝胶表面制备氮化硼薄膜微观结构及其疏水性能的影响

为研究氮化硼纳米薄层在气凝胶疏水改性领域的应用前景,采用气相沉积法在二氧化硅气凝胶基底上制备了氮化硼纳米片薄层,研究了制备参数(制备温度、保温时间)对氮化硼纳米薄层的表面形貌及其疏水性能的影响.结果表明:生长涂层的最佳制备参数为生长温度1200℃,保温时间60 min.同时,生长涂层的表面形貌与参数关系不大,但是涂层的润湿性能与涂层的制备温度密切相关,在1100～1200℃之间实现了亲水到疏水的奇异转变,这归因于涂层表面化学组分的改变.本研究表明,氮化硼纳米涂层可实现二氧化硅气凝胶的疏水改性,表面化学组分起关键性作用.     

三维网络氧化铝/钢复合材料的制备及性能

采用真空消失模铸造技术,将钢液浸渗到表面化学气相沉积了金属镍涂层的氧化铝泡沫陶瓷中制备三维网络氧化铝/钢复合材料。研究复合材料的结构、抗弯强度及磨粒磨损性能。结果表明,镍涂层可使钢液有效浸渗到陶瓷骨架中,成功制备出界面结合良好的三维网络氧化铝/钢复合材料。复合材料中陶瓷/钢界面为非反应型界面,断裂过程中,裂纹沿界面扩展,复合材料的抗弯强度随陶瓷相体积分数的增加而降低。复合材料的磨损机制为以钢被切削、陶瓷断裂–脱落为特征。随陶瓷相体积分数的增加,复合材料的体积磨损量降低。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.