玉屏风口服液对流感病毒抑制及对机体免疫功能的影响

实验表明玉屏风散改良制剂玉屏风口服液在鸡胚内能明显抑制流感病毒A/京科/1/6(H_3N_2),并可使小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率及吞噬指数显著升高,同时可促使小鼠胸腺重量增加经安全性限度检测试验,小白鼠对药液最大耐受量为人体的188倍.     

玉屏风颗粒对免疫失衡大鼠的影响

目的探索玉屏风颗粒对免疫失衡大鼠的影响。方法采用环磷酰胺建立免疫失衡模型,70只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、乌苯美司组(2.7 mg/kg)、虚汗停组(5.4 g/kg)及玉屏风颗粒高、中、低剂量组(5.4、2.7、1.35 g/kg),连续灌胃给药28 d。ELISA法检测血清IL-4、IgA、IgG、IFN-γ水平,流式细胞术检测大鼠血液淋巴细胞亚群比例、Treg细胞比例。结果与模型组比较,玉屏风颗粒增加CD3⁺CD4⁺、CD3⁺CD4⁺/CD3⁺CD8⁺、CD4⁺CD25⁺、CD25⁺FOXP3⁺、CD4⁺ FOXP3⁺比例(P<0.01),促进IgG水平(P<0.01),抑制IFN-γ水平(P<0.01)。结论玉屏风颗粒可明显调节免疫失衡,提高免疫作用,其机制可能与提高CD4⁺、...     

四逆汤联合环磷酰胺对C57BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌Caspase-3表达的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量四逆汤联合环磷酰胺(CTX)对C57BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌的抑制作用机制。方法:通过建立C57BL/6小鼠肺癌模型,随机分为6组:空白对照组,CTX组,四逆汤组,CTX+四逆汤低、中、高剂量组,每组16只,连续灌胃给药21d,随机抽取各组10只于第21天处死小鼠。采用实时荧光定量PCR、蛋白免疫印迹技术检测小鼠肿瘤组织中Caspase-3的表达。结果:CTX组、CTX+四逆汤中剂量组小鼠21d时肿瘤组织Caspase-3mRNA和蛋白表达均较空白组显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:中剂量四逆汤联合CTX可上调C57BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌Caspase-3表达促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。应用中剂量四逆汤联合CTX对治疗Lewis肺癌可能有较好的辅助作用。     

玉屏风口服液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

本文用醋酸氢化泼尼松(HPA)或环磷酰胺(CTX)造成免疫抑制模型,通过巨噬细胞吞噬功能试验,淋巴器官重量测定,外周血细胞α-醋酸荼酯酶(ANAE)染色及PFC试验,观察玉屏风口服液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,玉屏风口服液能完全和部分对抗免疫抑制剂的免疫抑制效应,对细胞及体液免疫功能均有一定的保护和促进作用。     

玉屏风水提液对环磷酰胺致大鼠骨质疏松骨形态计量学的影响

目的:观察环磷酰胺对大鼠骨形态计量学的影响,并探讨玉屏风水提液对环磷酰胺造成的骨质疏松的防治作用。方法:27只大鼠随机分为3组,正常对照组(Control):灌胃给予5mL/(kg.d)生理盐水。环磷酰胺组(CP组):灌胃给予环磷酰胺4.5mg/(kg.d)。玉屏风水提液组:灌胃给予环磷酰胺4.5mg/(kg.d)及玉屏风水提液(YPF组)5mL/(kg.d)。于实验第15d处死动物,取左侧胫骨进行骨组织形态计量动静态学参数骨小梁面积百分数(%,Tb.Ar),骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th),骨小梁数量(Tb.N),骨小梁分离度(Tb.SP),动态参数包括荧光标志周长百分数(%,L.Pm),矿化沉积率(MAR),骨小梁周长形成率(BFR/BS),骨小梁面积形成率(BFR/BV),骨小梁体积形成率(BFR/TV)测量。结果:环磷酰胺模型组骨形态计量动静态学参数较对照组下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),玉屏风水提液组骨形态计量动静态学参数与对照组比较无显著差异,较模型组有显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:环磷酰胺会引起大鼠骨形态计量学参数的变化,玉屏风水提液对此有防治作用。     

玉屏风颗粒对腹膜透析患者免疫功能的影响

目的探讨玉屏风颗粒对持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者免疫功能的影响。方法将透析龄在3个月以上68例患者随机分为治疗组(n=34)和对照组(n=34),2组均给予常规治疗,治疗组加用玉屏风颗粒5 g,3次/d,口服,治疗周期为4周。对2组患者治疗前后血白细胞、血红蛋白、血白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇等指标进行比较;对2组患者血清Ig G、Ig A、Ig M,补体C3、补体C4,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群进行检测,包括CD3+、CD4+、CD8+百分比、CD4+/CD8+比值,评估免疫功能。结果治疗组治疗后免疫球蛋白A、CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+增高,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);对照组各项指标治疗前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论玉屏风颗粒对于改善腹膜透析患者免疫功能具有积极调节作用。     

玉屏风颗粒剂对手术患者免疫功能调节作用的临床研究

为观察玉屏风颗粒剂对手术应激过程中免疫功能的调节作用,６０例骨科择期手术患者,随机分为对照组和玉我组,后者术前第４天开始服用玉屏风颗粒剂至术后第３天,观测两组患者手术前后ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、Ｃ３、Ｃ４、ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８、ＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＩＬ－２及Ｃ－反应蛋白（ＣＲＰ）水平。结果,对照组术后各组免疫指标均明显下降,ＣＲＰ含量升高;用药组未见明显的免疫功能降低,同时部分地拮抗了Ｃ     

胡椒碱抑制C57BL/6小鼠胆囊结石的形成

1材料与方法1·1动物模型C57BL/6小鼠30只,雄性,10周龄,由北京大学医学部实验动物中心提供。分笼饲养,控制光照12h(06∶00AM~18∶00PM),普通饲料饲养2w后,随机分为3组(每组各10只)。对照组:每日喂普通颗粒饲料,同时给予等量空白液灌胃;结石组:每日喂饲15%脂肪、1%胆固醇、0·5%胆酸饲料,同时给予等量空白液灌胃;胡椒碱组:每日喂饲15%脂肪、1%胆固醇、0·5%胆酸饲料,同时给予胡椒碱30mg/kg灌胃。实验前,动物禁食12h,3%戊巴比妥(35mg/kg body weight)麻醉,剖腹,结扎胆囊管,迅速取肝组织置液氮中冷冻,-80℃冰箱内保存备用。摘取胆囊,观察成…     

加味玉屏风胶囊对COPD缓解期气虚型患者免疫功能的影响

目的 观察加味玉屏风胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)缓解期气虚型患者免疫功能的影响。方法 将60例COPD缓解期气虚型患者随机分为两组,每组30人,对照组给予吸氧、解痉、止咳、化痰等常规治疗;治疗组在对照组的基础上加用玉屏风胶囊口服,连续治疗3个月,并分别采用免疫比浊法和流式细胞术检测两组患者治疗前后外周血中IgG、IgA、IgM含量及淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+值。结果 治疗组免疫球蛋白及T淋巴细胞指标均较治疗前有不同程度改善,其中,IgA、IgG及CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+明显增高,CD8~+降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组治疗前后无明显改善(P>0.05)。结论 加味玉屏风胶囊能提高COPD缓解期气虚型患者的免疫功能。     

胡椒碱抑制C57BL/6小鼠胆囊结石形成的研究

目的 观察胡椒碱对实验性C57BL/6小鼠胆囊结石形成的影响.方法 将C57BL/6鼠30只,随机分为3组.对照组10只,普通饮食;结石组10只,喂含1%的胆固醇饮食;胡椒碱组10只,喂含1%的胆固醇饮食和胡椒碱(30 mg/kg体重).4周后,分别利用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及化学方法检测肝组织固醇载体蛋白(Scp2)mRNA水平和胆酯的变化,胆固醇饱和指数用Carey表计算.结果 结石组9只出现胆囊结石,10只出现胆固醇结晶;胡椒碱组和对照组无结石和结晶形成,与结石组相比,胡椒碱组肝Scp2 mRNA水平和胆囊胆汁CSI明显降低.结论 胡椒碱在明显抑制实验性C57BL/6小鼠胆囊结石形成的同时,能显著降低肝Scp2 mRnNA水平和胆汁胆固醇饱和指数.     

雷公藤内酯醇对C57BL/6小鼠亚慢性毒性作用的研究

目的探讨长期应用雷公藤内酯醇对C57BL/6小鼠全身主要组织功能的毒性和生化指标的影响。方法 8周龄C57BL/6小鼠30只,随机分为3组。分别腹腔注射雷公藤内酯醇连续30 d。观察小鼠体质量变化。采用ELISA法检测血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和尿素氮水平并检测肝组织匀浆中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶,还原型谷胱甘肽和肾组织匀浆中还原型谷胱甘肽水平;求脏器指数;病理组织切片H&E染色法观察C57BL/6小鼠肝脏、肾、胃、肺、睾丸、脾、十二指肠等组织。结果与正常对照组比较,雷公藤内酯醇组小鼠28 d时体质量增长明显降低;雷公藤内酯醇高剂量组血清中的尿素氮有较显著上升,肝组织和肾组织中的还原型谷胱甘肽水平都出现降低并有显著性差异;雷公藤内酯醇组小鼠睾丸脏器指数都降低,而高剂量组小鼠脾脏脏器指数出现上升,其他脏器指数无显著性差异;观察病理组织切片发现C57BL/6小鼠低剂量组与高剂量组小鼠肾、脾脏、睾丸均有明显损伤,高剂量组损伤更严重。结论长期应用雷公藤内酯醇对C57BL/6小鼠全身主要组织功能有一定的影响,尤其对小鼠肾、脾脏和睾丸功能有较强的毒性作用。     

Effect of Trifolium pratense extract on methionine-choline- deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis in C57BL/6 mice

AIM： The potential of Trifolium pratense （red clover） extract in the prevention of lipid disorder has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the aim was to determine whether and how red clover extract affected the development of murine diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. METHOD： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding mice with a methionine-choline-deficient （MCD） diet. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological analyses. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels. RESULTS： Hepatic steatosis and neeroinflammation was observed in MCD diet-fed mice, and this diet-induced steatosis was sig- nificantly attenuated, whereas liver inflammation was not significantly attenuated, by red clover extract treatment. Consistent with the results of H＆E staining, the MCD diet-induced increase of liver triglycerides and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by red clover extract treatment. However, with the improvement in hepatic steatosis, mRNA levels of acetyl CoA oxidase, carnitine palrnitoyl transferase-l, and liver fatty acid-binding protein, three genes regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） ct, were unaffected. CONCLUSION： Red clover extract alleviated MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but did not ameliorate liver inflammation in C57BL/6 mice, and the improvement in hepatic steatosis was not through activating PPAR~t.     

Fructus panax ginseng extract promotes hair regeneration in C57BL/6 mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Radix panax ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae, RPG) has been documented to possess hair growth activity and widely used to treat alopecia, while no report has been issued to date on the effect of Fructus panax ginseng (FPG) on hair regeneration.

Materials and methods

To investigate the effects of FPG extract on the proliferation of human hair dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and on the promotion of hair regeneration in C57BL6 mice, cell proliferation was evaluated in cultured DPC by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and measured the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax by immunoblot assay. We also compared the effects of topical FPG extract (1 and 10 mg/ml, 100 μl/d) with the effects of minoxidil as a positive control (5%, 100 μl/d) or vehicle control (30% ethanol) on the depilation-induced hair cycling in 7 week-old-C57BL/6 mice.

Results

FPG extract significantly increased the proliferation of DPCs in dose and time dependent manners (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). FPG extract also enhanced Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression compared with control (P < 0.01). Moreover, significant elongations of anagen phase during hair cycle after application of FPG were evaluated by photographical and histological observations.

Conclusions

FPG extract improves the cell proliferation of human DPCs through anti apoptotic activation. Topical administration of FPG extract might have hair regeneration activity for the treatment of hair loss.     

C57BL/6J小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型建立的关键性问题

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)模型是国际公认的多发性硬化(MS)的经典动物模型,被广泛用于MS发病机制和评价免疫调节药物的实验研究。实验操作中仍有较多缺陷导致发病率不能达到100%和死亡率偏高,需要对造模的关键技术不断完善。加强该模型免疫前准备工作、免疫操作和免疫后护理3个方面的研究,分析EAE模型成功建立的关键性问题,并根据实验操作过程提出解决办法,完善EAE模型的规范化造模流程,可以使EAE模型具备发病率高、死亡率低、模型稳定的特点。     

电针对肥胖c57BL/6小鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究电针对肥胖c57BL/6小鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响。方法:SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为6组:正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(45 mg·kg~(-1))、电针7、14、21 d组,每组10只。正常组用普通饲料喂养外,其余各组小鼠采用高脂饮食诱导8周,制备肥胖小鼠模型。造模成功后,电针组选取关元、肾俞、三阴交电针干预。观察各组小鼠的体质量、Lee's指数、血清CHO、TG、LP和ADPN水平及性激素LH、FSH和T的差异,检测睾丸组织Bax和Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况和生精细胞凋亡率。结果:电针干预组明显降低Lee's指数、血清CHO、TG、LP、ADPN水平,促凋亡蛋白Bax表达下调,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达上调,凋亡指数下降。结论:电针能有效干预肥胖小鼠生精细胞的凋亡,降低小鼠体质量和肥胖程度,且干预效果与电针干预时间有一定相关性。     

胡椒碱对C57BL/6小鼠胆囊结石形成的影响

目的观察胡椒碱对实验性C57BL/6小鼠胆囊结石形成的影响。方法C57BL/6小鼠30只,对照组10只,普通饮食;结石组10只,喂含1%的胆固醇饮食;用药组10只,喂含1%的胆固醇饮食和胡椒碱(30mg/kg体重)。4周后分别用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及化学方法检测肝组织Scp2mRNA水平和胆脂的变化,胆固醇饱和指数(CSI)用Carey表计算。结果结石组9只出现胆囊结石,10只出现胆固醇结晶,胡椒碱组和对照组无结石和结晶形成,与结石组相比,胡椒碱组肝Scp2mRNA水平和胆囊胆汁CSI明显降低。结论胡椒碱在明显抑制实验性C57BL/6小鼠胆囊结石形成的同时,显著降低肝Scp2mRNA水平和胆汁CSI,这是否与胡椒碱的防止结石形成有关有待进一步的研究。     

Grape seed extract enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in C57BL/6 mice

The effects of grape seed extract (GSE), a major source of phenolic compounds, were examined on cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and integration into granule cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of middle‐aged (12 month‐old) mice using Ki67, doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry and 5′‐bromo‐2‐deoxyguanosine (BrdU)/calbindin D‐28k (CB) double immunofluorescence study, respectively. GSE (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 28 days, and the animals were treated with 50 mg/kg BrdU intraperitoneally on the day of first GSE treatment. In the vehicle‐treated group, Ki67 and DCX immunoreactivity was detected in the subgranular zone of the DG (SZDG). GSE treatment dose‐dependently increased the number of Ki67 and DCX immunoreactive cells, particularly the number of DCX immunoreactive neuroblasts with well‐developed (tertiary) dendrites. GSE also dose‐dependently increased DCX protein levels. In addition, GSE treatment increased significantly the number of BrdU/CB double labeled granule cells. These results suggest that GSE significantly increases cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and integration into granule cells in the DG, and the consumption of GSE enhances the plasticity of hippocampus in middle‐aged mice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Berberine protects C57BL/6J mice against ethanol withdrawal‐induced hyperexcitability

Berberine ([C20H18NO4]⁺), one of the major constituents of the Chinese herb Rhizoma coptidis, is an isoquinoline alkaloid. Plethora of recent reports has indicated its ability to modulate several neurotransmitter systems, especially those implicated in ethanol dependence. Thus, the influence of berberine treatment on the development and expression of ethanol dependence was tested by using the ethanol withdrawal‐induced hyperexcitability paradigm. Mice were provided with a nutritionally balanced control liquid diet as the sole nutrient source on day 0; from day 1–4 (ethanol, 3% v/v), from day 5–7 (ethanol, 6% v/v) and from day 8–10 (ethanol, 10% v/v) was incorporated into the liquid diet. On day 11, the ethanol liquid diet was replaced with nutritionally balanced control liquid diet, and ethanol withdrawal‐induced hyperexcitability signs were recorded. The results revealed that acute administration of berberine (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently attenuated ethanol withdrawal‐induced hyperexcitability signs, and these results were comparable to diazepam (1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Further, chronic administration of berberine (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to the ethanol diet fed mice markedly attenuated the ethanol withdrawal‐induced hyperexcitability signs. In conclusion, the results and evidence suggest that berberine exhibited an inhibitory influence against ethanol withdrawal‐induced hyperexcitability signs, which could be mediated through its neuromodulatory action. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The mechanism of sesame oil in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1 cell‐mediated autoimmune disease of the CNS that serves as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). The study investigated the effectiveness of treatment with sesame oil on the development of EAE. EAE was induced in 8 week old C57BL/6 mice with an emulsion of MOG35‐55. Therapy with sesame oil (4 mL/kg/day as oral gavage) was started on day 3 before the immunization. IFN‐gamma and IL‐10 production from cultured spleen supernatants were determined by the ELISA method. The results showed that daily oral gavage of sesame oil significantly reduced the clinical symptoms of EAE in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, sesame oil‐treated mice displayed a significantly delayed disease onset. Mononuclear cells isolated from spleen of sesame oil‐treated mice showed a significant decrease in the production of IFN‐gamma compared with control mice (p = 0.001). IL‐10 production was also enhanced in splenic mononuclear cells in sesame oil‐treated mice. The ratio of IFN‐gamma to IL‐10 in sesame oil‐treated EAE mice was significantly less than in non‐treated EAE mice (p = 0.01). This report indicates that sesame oil therapy protected mice from developing EAE by reducing IFN‐gamma secretion. Thus, sesame oil treatment may be effective in MS patients by immunomodulating the Th1 immune response. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多巴丝肼片对MTPT诱导C57BL/6J小鼠帕金森病模型的影响

[目的]建立MTPT诱导C57BL/6J小鼠帕金森病模型,探讨多巴丝肼片对MTPT诱导C57BL/6J小鼠帕金森病模型行为学变化的影响。[方法]选用纯系C57BL/6J雄性小鼠30只,按体重随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组及多巴丝肼片对照组,采用腹腔注射MTPT诱导C57BL小鼠帕金森病模型,使用多巴丝肼片灌胃进行预防给药,观察小鼠爬杆实验时间与悬挂实验评分的变化。[结果]经统计学处理数据表明,与模型对照组相比,多巴丝肼片可以明显降低小鼠爬杆实验时间(P<0.01)与明显提高悬挂实验评分(P<0.05)。[结论]多巴丝肼片对MTPT诱导C57BL/6J小鼠帕金森病模型有预保护防作用。以上结果为多巴丝肼片临床应用防治帕金森病提供了部分药效学实验依据。