三（2,4,6—三溴苯氧基）锑酸酯的合成及其阻燃性能与阻燃机理

合成了三（２，４，６－三溴苯氧基）锑酸酯，通过元素分析和ＩＲ光谱予以表征，并就其对聚乙烯和聚丙烯的阻燃性能与阻燃机理进行了研究。结果表明：这种分子中同时含有溴、锑的阻燃剂，比相应的仅含溴和仅含锑的阻燃剂混合物具有更高的阻燃性能。     

使用裂解气相色谱对几种阻燃聚丙烯材料热稳定性及阻燃机理的探讨

用裂解气相色谱（PyGC)考察了经三种类型阻燃剂（含磷、含溴、含溴和磷）改性的聚丙烯的热稳定性。利用PyGC-MS法分析不同样品的高温裂角产物,以此来推测阻燃材料受热分解时气相以及凝聚相所发生的反应,推断阻燃机理,分析影响阻燃效果的因素,为阻燃剂的开发提供有益参考。结果证实,它们都影响聚丙烯的热降解。溴系阻燃剂和磷系阻燃剂是分别从气相阻断、凝固相加速成炭实现阻止燃烧的,而磷-溴型阻燃剂同时具备单纯含磷或者含溴阻燃能力。     

环三磷腈类阻燃剂的合成及应用研究进展

简要介绍了制备环三磷腈类阻燃剂所需起始原料六氯环三磷腈的合成方法、合成及取代反应机理;介绍了环三磷腈阻燃剂的阻燃机理;着重阐述了近20年间反应型的羟基/氨基环三磷腈、环氧基环三磷腈、含不饱和双键的环三磷腈、羧基环三磷腈阻燃剂,以及添加型烷氧基环三磷腈、芳氧基环三磷腈的合成及阻燃应用,同时综述了其应用材料的热稳定性能和阻燃性能,并对其发展趋势作了总结和展望。     

氧瓶燃烧-电位滴定法测定溴系阻燃剂中的溴

随着全球安全环保意识的日益加强,人们对防火安全及制品阻燃的要求越来越高.目前国内塑料改性用阻燃剂近80%为含溴阻燃剂,包括脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族及芳香-脂肪族的含溴化合物,其中以十溴二苯醚、十溴联苯、十溴二苯乙烷等为代表的阻燃剂得到广泛应用.     

新型含氯、溴的硅酸酯阻燃剂的合成及性能研究

以三溴苯基环氧丙基醚、四氯化硅及1,3-二氯丙醇为主要原料合成新型含硅、氯、溴三元素的协同高效阻燃剂硅酸三(二氯丙基)三溴苯氧基氯丙基酯。探讨了反应温度、时间及投料比对产率的影响,合适的工艺条件为:三溴苯基环氧丙基醚、四氯化硅及1,3-二氯丙醇的摩尔比为1∶1∶3.5,100℃反应5h,产率达98.0%。用FT-IR、1H NMR表征了产物的结构,并用极限氧指数方法测试了产物的阻燃性能等。     

有机锑类化合物的合成与阻燃特性

有机锑类化合物的合成与阻燃特性黄可龙，潘春跃，唐有根，刘建安（长沙中南工业大学化学系长沙４１００８３）关键词有机锑化合物，阻燃性能，聚氯乙烯，合成锑系化合物是一类对高聚物材料具有高效阻燃和热稳定性能的新型助剂［１～４］。本文研究了三苯基锑与氯化铜或溴...     

用相转移催化剂合成溴代聚羟基醚

随着电子工业的迅速发展,对聚合物提出了阻燃性能的要求,溴代环氧树脂就是一种具有良好阻燃自熄性的聚合物。这种聚合物与通常在塑料制品中加入无机阻燃剂或含溴单体相比,不仅具有阻燃作用,而且还能提高制品的某些物理机械性能。溴代环氧树脂合成的研究文献虽有报道,但分子量一般较低。我们曾用相转移催化剂合成了高分     

阻燃改性尼龙研究进展

综述了近年来阻燃改性尼龙材料的研究成果,尤其是现今适用于尼龙阻燃的各类阻燃体系的研究现状,包括溴系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、磷-氮协效膨胀型阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂以及纳米阻燃协效剂等,并展望了未来阻燃尼龙的发展趋势.卤系阻燃剂将逐渐被替代,无卤环境友好型阻燃剂和膨胀型阻燃体系是未来重点的发展方向,综合改性、复配技术的应用也是未来研究和应用的热点.     

ABS树脂的阻燃化研究Ⅰ.添加小分子阻燃剂

系统地研究了ＦＲ－ＴＮＸ、Ｓｂ２Ｏ３、Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２、Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３等小分子阻燃剂对ＡＢＳ树脂的阻燃效果及其协同效应。结果表明，单一阻燃剂的作用不太明显；锑卤复配可取得较好的协同效应；通过测定冲击强度和拉伸性能，考察了阻燃剂对ＡＢＳ树脂的机械性能的影响，并通过ＤＭＡ进一步分析了阻燃剂与树脂的相容性；通过ＴＧＡ等热分析手段探讨了小分子阻燃剂在凝聚相的阻燃行为与作用机理。     

聚氯乙烯(PVC)的阻燃与抑烟研究进展

综述了无机阻燃剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)阻燃和抑烟性能的影响,对阻燃剂和抑烟剂作了分类介绍。重点介绍了金属氢氧化物、锑系、硼系、锡系、红磷和含锌化合物等阻燃剂,对各体系进行了比较,指出各体系的阻燃机理、添加量、以及常用的改进方法。介绍了水滑石、沸石、蒙脱土等新型无机阻燃剂,这些阻燃剂在PVC的应用中具有潜在的优势,具有添加量少、阻燃效率高的优点。阻燃剂与抑烟剂的超细化、活性化、复合化是PVC阻燃与抑烟改性的发展方向。     

Étude de l'effet de quelques facteurs sur les caractéristiques de fixation du potassium et du rubidium sur l'acide antimonique,en milieu nitrique

Study of the effect of various factors on the retention characteristics of potassium and rubidium by antimonic acid in nitric acid.The effects of the concentration of alkali metal ions, the amount of antimonic acid and the concentration of nitric acid on the retention of potassium and rubidium by antimonic acid have been studied. Different phenomena govern the retention mechanism of potassium and rubidium, under the experimental conditions of this study. The difference between the retention characteristics of the two elements appears from the different shapes of the curves showing their distribution coefficients and their uptake as functions of the various factors studied. Infrared spectroscopy of the antimonic acid and its deuterated compounds showed the presence of several types of OH groups which can be distinguished by the strength of their hydrogen bonds. Rubidium is probably retained on the most accessible exchange sites, forming weak bonds, while potassium could form stronger bonds with the Sb—O groups.     

Thin Layer Chromatography of Synthetic Dyes on Antimonic Acid and on Admixture of Antimonic Acid and Silica Gel ‘G’ in a Mixed Solvent System

Abstract

Thin layer chromatography of synthetic dyes have been performed on antimonic acid and on admixture of antimonic acid and silica gel ‘G’ in a mixed solvent system i. e. Butanol: Acetic acid: water (25:5:10). The separation potential of antimonic acid and silica gel ‘G’ has been explored. Several important separations of closely related dyes have been achieved as a result of such studies.     

Polyamide 6 with a flame retardant encapsulated by polyamide 66: Flame retardation, thermo-decomposition and the potential mechanism

A novel encapsulated flame retardant containing phosphorus-nitrogen(MSMM-Al-P) was prepared by encapsulating with polyamide 66(PA66-MSMM-Al-P) for the flame retardation of polyamide 6(PA6).The structure and thermal properties of PA66-MSMM-Al-P were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.The flammability of PA6 containing flame retardants(MSMM-Al -P and PA66-MSMM-Al-P) was investigated by the limiting oxygen index test,vertical burning test and cone calorimeter. The flame retardancy and cone calorimetric analyses suggested a synergistic effect between PA66 and MSMM-Al-P in the flame-retardant PA6.Thermal stability of the flame-retardant PA6 was also investigated.     

The effect of silicon sources on the mechanism of phosphorus–silicon synergism of flame retardation of epoxy resins

The effect of silicon source on the mechanism and efficiency of silicon–phosphorus synergism of flame retardation was studied. The studied systems composed of a phosphorus-containing epoxy resin and various types of silicon additives including nanoscale colloidal silica (CS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and diglycidylether terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-DG). Thermal stability and degradation kinetics of cured epoxy resins, elemental analysis of degraded residues, and evolved gases analysis of degradation reactions were conducted with a thermogravimetric analyser, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. Addition of silicon compounds showed significant effect on enhancing the thermal stability and char yields of the cured epoxy resins. During thermal degradation, TEOS and PDMS-DG exhibited silicon migration to sample surface and CS did not. Self-degradation of PDMS-DG resulted in a silicon loss for PDMS-DG-containing epoxy resin. From the results it was concluded that using TEOS as an additive for epoxy resins and formation of epoxy-silica hybrid structure through sol–gel reactions was a good approach for achieving phosphorus–silicon synergism in flame retardation.     

Irradiation crosslinking and halogen-free flame retardation of EVA using hydrotalcite and red phosphorus

Halogen-free flame retarded ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites using Mg-Al-CO₃ hydrotalcite (MALDH) and microcapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) have been prepared in a melt process. The flame retardation of the composites has been studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 methods, and the thermal decomposition by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The changes of their properties of the composites before and after the Gamma irradiation are compared. The synergistic effect in the flame retardation between MALDH and MRP in EVA has been found. The EVA/MALDH/MRP composites after the irradiation crosslinking result in a great increase in the Vicat softening point. The LOI value, the mechanical properties and thermal stability are also improved for the composites irradiated by a suitable irradiation dose.     

Flame retardancy of silicone-based materials

This review describes some recent works related to the development of the flame retardation of silicone elastomers and/or applications of silicones as flame retardant agents in other polymers. First, the thermal degradation of silicones themselves is discussed, focussing on depolymerization mechanisms, effect of structure, heating conditions, and effect of additives (i.e. less than 5 wt% fillers) on thermal degradation of silicones. Then, the influence of several types of mineral fillers (of up to 80 wt% content) as ceramization agents of silicones is presented. Finally, the introduction of (functionalized) silicones as flame retardants into other polymers is described.     

Intumescent flame retardation and silane crosslinking of PP/EPDM elastomer

This study deals with the silane crosslinking and intumescent flame retardation of polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene copolymer (PP/EPDM) elastomers. The effect of silane crosslinking on the flame retardancy of the PP/EPDM composites containing melamine phosphate (MP) and dipentaerythritol (DPER) was studied by limiting oxygen index, UL 94 and cone calorimetry tests. The chemical composition of the silane crosslinked and flame retarded PP/EPDM composites treated at different temperatures was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and real time Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Thermal decomposition and crystallization behavior of the PP/EPDM composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the composites were also studied. It is found that the flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and thermal decomposition behavior of the composites are influenced by silane grafting and crosslinking. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种无卤阻燃ABS体系的阻燃性能研究

ABS是本世纪40年代发展起来的通用型热塑性材料[1],它有良好的力学性能,耐化学腐蚀、易加工等优点[2-6].     

Development of flame retardant phosphorus- and silicon-containing polybenzoxazines

The copolymerisation of benzoxazine of bisphenol A and diglycidyl ether of (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)diphenyl phosphine oxide or diglycidyloxymethylphenylsilane has been studied. In all samples the molar ratio of the benzoxazine-epoxy system was varied to achieve different phosphorus or silicon contents. Their thermal, dynamic-mechanical and flame retardant properties were evaluated. The high limiting oxygen index values confirmed that the phosphorus-containing benzoxazine-epoxy resins are effective flame retardants, but no efficiency of silicon on flame retardation was observed.