子宫内膜癌手术范围的临床研究

目的探讨子宫内膜癌的适宜手术范围。方法对105例子宫内膜癌患者施行广泛性或次广泛性子宫切除术，加盆腔（或）主动脉旁淋巴清扫术；另外36例子宫内膜癌患者仅作次广泛子宫切除术。对141例的手术切除标本，包括官旁结缔组织及淋巴结、盆腔及主动脉旁淋巴结等进行病理检查。结果105例中，盆腔淋巴结发生转移26例，占24．76％。除Ⅰa期外，其余各期均有淋巴结转移发生。Ⅰb、Ⅰc期淋巴结转移率分别为12．50％与21．05％。141例行广泛性与次广泛性子宫切除术者中，宫旁组织转移2例（Ⅱa、Ⅲb期），宫旁淋巴结转移2例（Ⅰc、Ⅲb期），富旁血管瘤栓2例（Ⅰb、Ⅰc期）。结论除Ⅰa期外的其他各期子宫内膜癌，均宜施行广泛性或次广泛性子宫切除术以及盆腔或主动脉旁淋巴清扫术。     

系统的淋巴结清扫术在子宫内膜癌治疗决策中的价值及可行性分析

背景与目的：淋巴结清扫术在子宫内膜癌治疗中的价值一直有争议,国内多数医院仅对部分高危型子宫内膜癌患者行淋巴结活检或选择性盆腔淋巴结切除术,罕有妇科医生对子宫内膜癌行系统的盆腔淋巴结清扫＋腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫。本文探讨系统的淋巴结清扫术在子宫内膜痛治疗决策中的价值以及手术的可行性。方法：回顾2005年1月-2008年7月在我院行系统的腹膜后淋巴结清扫术的128例子宫内膜癌,对其临床病理特点、淋巴结转移情况、术后治疗决策改变情况以及手术并发症进行分析。结果：128例患者中19例（14．8％）出现淋巴结转移,其中盆腔淋巴结转移15例（11．7％）,腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移11例（8．6％）,7例患者同时出现盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移,4例患者仅有腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移。病理类型、组织学分化程度、肌层浸润深度以及淋巴血管间隙浸润与淋巴结转移相关（P〈0．05）。15例患者因淋巴结转移分期升级,术后需要辅以化疗和／或放疗;另50例中危、中高危早期患者因手术排除了子宫外转移免去术后辅助治疗。8例（6．3％）患者术后出现并发症,其中盆腔感染3例,阴道残端出血2例,不全性低位肠梗阻、深静脉血栓伴淋巴囊肿和腔隙性脑梗塞各1例。中位手术时间为150min．中位出血量为300mL,其中27例（21．1％）患者接受输血治疗。结论：在子宫内膜癌患者中行系统的淋巴结清扫足安全可行的,通过全面的手术分期可以明确淋巴结转移情况,准确提供预后相关信息,指导术后辅助治疗。     

早期子宫内膜癌盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术的作用

关于子宫内膜癌的手术范围和模式至今尚无统一的意见,尤其是对系统性盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫的必要性和清扫范围仍然存在较大争议。早期低危子宫内膜癌可以通过前哨淋巴结检测进行局部淋巴结选择性切除,从而降低手术风险。但在中-高危子宫内膜癌患者中,腹膜后淋巴结活检不能代替系统性盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫。腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术不会增加重大脏器损伤、二次手术及重度肠梗阻的风险。系统性盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫可以提高子宫内膜癌患者的生存率并改善预后。     

子宫内膜癌患者盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的临床意义

目的 分析子宫内膜癌患者盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的临床意义.方法 选取子宫内膜癌患者71例为研究对象,行盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术,分析患者术后临床特征,以及影响患者盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的危险因素.结果 对盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结患者行切除术后淋巴结转移率较低,分别为21.2%和23.9%,且患者术后并发症较少,仅为7例;线性回归分析提示,影响盆腔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素有肿瘤中低分化、深度肌层浸润、临床分期及脉管浸润,而影响腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的独立危险有肿瘤低分化、非子宫内膜样癌、深度肌层浸润、盆腔淋巴结转移及淋巴管浸润;71例患者随访1年生存率为87.32%,且发生盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移患者的生存率明显低于无淋巴结转移者.结论 盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除,有利于提高子宫内膜癌患者的临床治疗效果,而且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用.     

系统性淋巴结清扫对子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响

目的 确定不同风险等级子宫内膜癌患者行腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术对其生存率的影响。方法 选取2012年1月至2017年12月郑州大学第三附属医院189例子宫内膜癌患者作为研究对象,均接受了完整、系统的盆腔淋巴结清扫(n=127例)或盆腔联合腹主动脉旁淋巴洁清扫(n=62例)。按照危险因素进行分组,将子宫内膜癌患者分为低风险组(n=63例)和中高风险组(n=95例)两组。采用生存分析对不同危险分组中盆腔淋巴结清扫和联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫总生存率及无复发生存率进行分析。结果 盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫组总生存时间和无复发生存时间明显长于盆腔淋巴结清扫组(P<0.05)。在95例中高风险患者中也显示了这种关联(P<0.05),但在63例低风险患者中,生存分析显示总体存活和无复发生存时间与淋巴结清扫类型无关(P>0.05)。多因素预后分析显示,在中高风险的患者中,盆腔联合腹主动脉旁淋巴洁清扫术较单独盆腔淋巴洁清扫术降低了死亡风险。结论 对于中高风险患者,采用盆腔淋巴结清扫联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫可以提高患者的总体生存率,改善患者的预后,控制患者的术后复发率,值得在临床广泛应用,...     

系统淋巴结清扫术治疗子宫内膜癌的疗效分析

目的探讨系统淋巴结清扫术在子宫内膜癌治疗中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2011年12月至2013年12月禹城市人民医院收治的80例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料,根据手术范围的差异分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组患者给予次广泛全子宫切除术、双附件切除术和盆腔淋巴结结清扫术,观察组患者手术类型在对照组基础上给予系统性盆腔、腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术。比较两组患者淋巴结清扫枚数、手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、随访2年的生存率和复发率。结果观察组患者与对照组比较,淋巴结清扫数目明显增多,手术时间延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者与对照组比较,术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组比较,下肢水肿、淋巴囊肿、深静脉血栓、不全性肠梗阻和输尿管瘘发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组比较,随访2年复发率较低、生存率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在次广泛全子宫切除术、双附件切除术基础上,加用系统性盆腔、腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术,可提高2年生存率,降低复发率。     

子宫内膜癌术后发生盆腔淋巴囊肿的相关危险因素

目的 分析子宫内膜癌术后发生盆腔淋巴囊肿的相关危险因素。方法 选取子宫内膜癌术后发生盆腔淋巴囊肿患者62例作为发生组,并以1∶1配比选取同期子宫内膜癌术后未发生盆腔淋巴囊肿患者62例作为未发生组。收集2组年龄、BMI、有无高血压、有无糖尿病、手术时间、术中出血量、病理类型、淋巴结切除范围、FIGO分期、盆腔淋巴结清扫数、腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫数、有无术后引流等信息,分析子宫内膜癌术后发生盆腔淋巴囊肿的危险因素。结果 淋巴结切除范围、FIGO分期、盆腔淋巴结清扫数、腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫数、有无术后放疗是子宫内膜癌术后发生盆腔淋巴囊肿的影响因素(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,淋巴结切除范围大、FIGO分期、盆腔淋巴结清扫数、腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫数、术后放疗是子宫内膜癌术后发生盆腔淋巴囊肿的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 子宫内膜癌术后发生盆腔淋巴囊肿的影响因素较多,临床应依据上述因素采取相关预防措施,以减少盆腔淋巴囊肿发生风险。     

手术方式对102例子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响

[目的]探讨子宫切除范围及淋巴结清扫术对子宫内膜癌预后的影响。[方法]对102例子宫内膜癌患者，将其中行筋膜外子宫切除手术（筋膜外组）40例与次广泛／广泛子宫切除术（广泛组）62例患者进行对照分析；行盆腔淋巴结清扫术（清扫组）48例和未行淋巴结清扫术（未清扫组）54例进行对照分析．比较其生存率。[结果]102例患者5年总的生存率为93．1％。筋膜外组与广泛组患者5年生存率比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05），但其中Ⅱ期及Ⅱ期以上患者筋膜外组、广泛组的5年生存率分别为66．7％和91.3％，有显著性差异（P=0．044）。单因素分析结果提示盆腔淋巴有转移的患者预后不良。盆腔淋巴结清扫术和未行清扫术两组生存率比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。[结论]盆腔淋巴转移的患者预后差，但盆腔淋巴清扫术并不改善患者预后。Ⅱ期及Ⅱ期以上患者行次广泛／广泛子宫切除术有助于改善预后。     

手术方式对102例子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响

[目的]探讨子宫切除范围及淋巴结清扫术对子宫内膜癌预后的影响。[方法]对102例子宫内膜癌患者，将其中行筋膜外子宫切除手术（筋膜外组）40例与次广泛／广泛子宫切除术（广泛组）62例患者进行对照分析；行盆腔淋巴结清扫术（清扫组）48例和未行淋巴结清扫术（未清扫组）54例进行对照分析．比较其生存率。[结果]102例患者5年总的生存率为93．1％。筋膜外组与广泛组患者5年生存率比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05），但其中Ⅱ期及Ⅱ期以上患者筋膜外组、广泛组的5年生存率分别为66．7％和91.3％，有显著性差异（P=0．044）。单因素分析结果提示盆腔淋巴有转移的患者预后不良。盆腔淋巴结清扫术和未行清扫术两组生存率比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。[结论]盆腔淋巴转移的患者预后差，但盆腔淋巴清扫术并不改善患者预后。Ⅱ期及Ⅱ期以上患者行次广泛／广泛子宫切除术有助于改善预后。     

影响子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移的预后因素

子宫内膜癌的腹膜后淋巴结转移是直接影响患者预后的重要因素。我们通过对 15 6例子宫内膜癌患者腹膜后淋巴结清扫或活检的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析。材料与方法收集我院 1994～ 1999年间手术治疗的 15 6例内膜癌患者资料 ,所有病例均经病理证实。年龄在 37～ 72岁 ,平均年龄 5 5 2岁 ,按 1971年ＦＩＧＯ临床分期 ,Ⅰ期 96例 ,Ⅱ期 6 0例。腺癌 119例 ,腺鳞癌 2 5例 ,透明细胞癌 12例。所有病例首次治疗均采用手术治疗 ,手术方式为子宫广泛切除加盆腔或腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫 ,子宫次广泛切除或筋膜外子宫切除加盆腔或腹主动脉旁淋巴结清…     

Clinical Significance of Lymph Node Sampling in Endometrial Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical significance of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node sampling in endometrial carcinoma.METHODS Data were analyzed from 311 patients who received surgical treatment in our hospital during the period from January 1995 to December 2002.Among the patients,197 underwent lymph node sampling or lymph-adenectomy.The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the nature of their lymph node dissection,i.e.a)The sampling group included 114 patients with an extrafascial hysterectomy or modified radical hysterectomy plus pelvic or paraaortic lymph node sampling of the abdominal aorta;b)The dis-section group,included 83 patients with a radical or modified radical hyster-ectomy plus systemic pelvic lymph node clearance or paraaortic lymph node dissection of the abdominal aorta.RESULTS The median of the sampling sites for lymph node removal was 5 in the sampling group,and the median of the lymph nodes removed was 15 per case.Lymph node metastasis was found in 8 cases.In the dissection group,the median of the cases for lymph node removal was 8,and the me-dian of the lymph nodes removed was 27 per case.Lymph node metastasis was found in 6 cases.The 5-year survival rates were 90.2% and 90.9% in the 2 groups,respectively.CONCLUSION Lymph node sampling of endometrial cancer is a good way of precisely finding lymphatic metastases,and is suitable for surgical staging without causing immoderate surgical treatment and without affecting the survival rate.     

Y a-t-il un intérêt au curage lomboaortique dans les cancers de l'endomètre opérables ?

The indication and extent of lymph node dissection in the surgical management of endometrial cancer remains controversial especially concerning the para-aortic lymph nodes. The therapeutic benefit of the lymph node dissection is criticized mainly for low-risk patients for extra-uterine spread. Surgically staging patients is the best method to predict node involvement and it allows an optimal decision for adjuvant therapy to be taken. The different prognostic factors for para-aortic lymph nodes metastasis are histological grade and size of the tumour, myometrial wall invasion and lymphovascular dissemination, as well as positive pelvic lymph nodes. However, these elements are not correctly evaluated before and during the surgery. Positive para-aortic lymph nodes can be found without a lymphatic spread to the pelvic area. Even though the prevalence of para-aortic node involvement is weak, it seems legitimate to propose in selected cases of important lymph node involvement, it's complete dissection if a pelvic lymphadenectomy is indicated and if it is surgically possible.     

Can we omit para-aorta lymph node dissection in endometrial cancer?

BACKGROUND: Patients with endometrial cancer can present with various complicating illnesses, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and advanced aging. These patients are at high risk of severe post-operative complications. Thus, the question of whether or not to perform systemic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy remains controversial for all patients. It is reported that external iliac lymph nodes are the most commonly involved lymph nodes in endometrial cancer, and para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastases spread via a route shared by the common iliac lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of omitting PAN dissection when metastasis of the common iliac and external iliac lymph nodes is negative. METHODS: Between January 1994 and June 2004, a total of 101 patients at Akita University Hospital who had undergone total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total pelvic lymphadenectomy and para-aortic lymphadenectomy to the level of the renal vein for endometrial cancer were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Eleven patients in all were found to have metastasis for PANs. Among 13 patients with common and/or external iliac positive lymph nodes, 10 showed PAN metastasis. Of the 88 patients with negative lymph nodes, 87 showed no PAN metastasis. Based on these data, common and/or external iliac lymph nodes had 90.9% sensitivity (10/11) and 96.7% specificity (87/90) for detecting PAN metastasis. CONCLUSION: Para-aortic lymphadenectomy might be avoided by the negativity of such lymph nodes, thereby minimizing post-operative complications.     

58例卵巢上皮癌腹膜后淋巴结转移的临床分析

目的　分析卵巢上皮癌淋巴结的转移情况 ,为患者选择淋巴结清除术提供科学依据。方法　采集 5 8例卵巢上皮癌患者的病历资料 ,并就患者腹膜后淋巴结转移的影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果　 5 8例卵巢上皮癌患者淋巴结转移率为 4 8.3% ,其中盆腔淋巴结转移率为37.9% ,腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率为 2 5 .9% ,二者差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。单因素分析显示 ,肿瘤部位、腹水状况、临床分期和残留病灶直径与腹膜后淋巴结转移有关 ;多因素分析显示 ,临床分期和残留病灶直径为腹膜后淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论　对卵巢恶性肿瘤患者采用腹膜后淋巴结清除术极为重要 ,早期患者较为合适 ,而对曾有残留病灶的晚期患者 ,在二次探查术时可以考虑行盆腔和腹主动脉旁淋巴结清除术     

A case of minimal uterine serous carcinoma with distant lymph node metastasis without peritoneal dissemination

A 61-year old woman underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection under the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Although pelvic lymph nodes were positive for adenocarcinoma with psamomma bodies, no other lesion that was a primary lesion was verified. A postoperative study revealed the existence of para-aortic lymph node and supraclavicular lymph node metastases. Therefore, the endometrial biopsy specimen was reviewed. With the findings of p53 positivity by immunohistochemistry in the papillary part, the final histopathological diagnosis was changed to endometrial serous adenocarcinoma. Postoperative chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy for supraclavicular lymph node metastasis achieved complete response. This type of tumor must be considered in a differential diagnosis when metastatic papillary serous carcinoma is detected, but the primary site remains unknown.     

子宫内膜癌前哨淋巴结的研究进展

子宫内膜癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,分期手术为全子宫切除+双侧输卵管卵巢切除+盆腔和(或)腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除。绝大部分患者诊断时尚处早期,病情仅局限于子宫,淋巴结转移风险小,若行系统性淋巴结切除术,可能未改善患者的生存状况,反而增加了术后并发症。前哨淋巴结活检可检测肿瘤区域的淋巴结转移情况并评估预后,适合子宫内膜癌早期患者,可避免过大的手术范围,提高生存质量。随着淋巴解剖、定位技术、病理评估等不断改善,前哨淋巴结的识别率以及淋巴结转移的检出率不断提高,能够更加精准地指导手术治疗。     

Incidence and distribution pattern of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis in patients with Stages IB, IIA, and IIB cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy

BACKGROUND: The incidence and distribution pattern of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical carcinoma should be investigated based on data from systematic pelvic lymph node (PLN) and paraaortic lymph node (PAN) dissection, so that a basis can be established for determining the site of selective lymph node dissection or sampling. METHODS: A total of 208 patients with Stages IB, IIA, and IIB cervical carcinoma who underwent radical hysterectomy and systematic pelvic and PAN dissection were investigated for lymph node metastasis and histopathologic risk factors for lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients (25.5%) had lymph node metastasis. The obturator lymph nodes were most frequently involved, with a rate of 18.8% (39/208). Forty-nine of 53 node-positive patients had lymph node metastasis in the obturator, internal iliac, or common iliac lymph nodes. Of 26 solitary lymph node metastases confined to one node group, 18 were in the obturator, 3 in the internal iliac, 3 in the parametrial, and 2 in the common iliac lymph nodes. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that deep cervical stromal invasion and lymph-vascular space invasion were related to PLN metastasis. It was also shown that metastasis to bilateral PLNs (excluding the common iliac lymph nodes) as well as metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes were significantly related to PAN metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the obturator lymph nodes can be sentinel lymph nodes of cervical carcinoma. PAN metastasis appears to occur secondarily to wide-spread PLN metastasis. These results provide a basis for determining the site of selective lymph node dissection and for estimating the existence of PAN metastasis from the pattern of metastasis in PLN in patients with cervical carcinoma.     

Lymphadenectomy in primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube

OBJECTIVE: The bad prognosis of primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube is ascribed to early lymphogenous metastasis. Due to the rarity of cases, there exist only few and divergent results on the importance of lymph node metastasis in the relevant literature. Thus, our study aimed at detecting the incidence of lymph node metastases and their influence on overall survival, as well as at evaluating the therapeutic effect of radical lymphadenectomy. METHODS: We studied 158 cases of primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube in a retrospective multicenter analysis. Group I (n = 38) consisted of patients who were subjected to radical pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in addition to total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral adenectomy and omentectomy. The control group II (n = 71) underwent the same surgical procedures but without radical lymphadenectomy. Patients who received post-operative irradiation (n = 49) were excluded from the study. RESULTS: On average, 38 lymph nodes (range 12-68) were extirpated. In group I 42.1% of the cases showed lymph node metastases. Lymphatic dissemination was observed only after the carcinoma had spread beyond the organ (intraabdominal stage II); the incidence of lymph node metastases rose significantly (P = 0.02) with growing intraperitoneal tumour masses. Pelvic and para-aortic metastases occur simultaneously. Overall survival with tumour of equal size is markedly, but not significantly reduced (P = 0.18) if the lymph nodes are involved. If, however, radical lymphadenectomy is performed (group I) the median survival time increases to 43 months (95% confidence-interval 20-66), compared with 21 months (95% confidence-interval 10-32) in group II (P = 0.095). CONCLUSION: Correct staging is obtained only on the basis of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Radical lymphadenectomy in tumours of equal size may markedly prolong survival.