氧压渣非氰体系浸金及其机理

以氧压渣为原料,考察酸性硫脲体系和碱性多硫化物体系碳浸法浸金效果,对浸出过程矿相行为进行分析。结果表明:碱性多硫化物体系较酸性硫脲体系金浸出率高30%,碱性多硫化物体系包裹金得到释放和暴露,利于金的高效浸出。在碱性多硫化物体系下考察各因素对金浸出率的影响并确定最优浸出条件,在最优条件下,金的浸出率达85%以上。开展深度浸金研究,超声波强化金浸出率达89.77%,超细磨金浸出率达91.95%。     

多硫化物微细粒浸染型金矿回收金试验研究

为回收某含碳高砷高硫微细粒复杂难处金矿中的金,分别开展了全泥氰化浸出、浮选、焙烧、酸浸试验研究。结果表明,采用常规的全泥氰化浸出和浮选工艺,对金的回收效果均不好。采用“焙烧-全泥氰化浸出”工艺,受矿石焙烧后新产生的金属氧化物包裹金的影响,金浸出率仅有72.25%。经研究发现,采用酸溶方法,对焙砂进行加温酸浸预处理,可有效打开其被包裹的金,从而提高对金的回收。采用矿石“焙烧-酸浸-水洗-碱浸-全泥氰化浸出”联合工艺,金浸出率88.52%。     

碘化浸金原理及研究进展

系统总结了国内外碘化浸金工艺取得的研究进展。从热力学、动力学、溶液化学等方面讨论了碘化浸金的反应机理,阐明不同工艺参数对碘化浸金浸出效果的影响规律;列举碘化浸金在浮选金精矿、含铜难处理金矿、含碳金矿、含金废料等不同类型物料浸金应用的研究结果,并对碘化浸出贵液回收的工艺进行总结,最后展望了碘化浸金工艺的发展趋势。     

预浸-氰化浸出回收湿法炼锌渣中的银和金

某冶炼厂的锌浸出渣中银勘布粒度细,含银、金分别为381.3、1.02 g/t,可采用预浸-预浸渣氰化浸出工艺回收。重点研究了预浸条件对银、金浸出效率的影响。条件实验表明,药剂A比酸浸、氨浸具有更好的预浸效果;最佳预浸条件为药剂A浓度200 g/L、浸出液固比2:1、在50℃浸出3 h。综合条件实验得到的预浸渣渣率为66.2%,金、银的氰化浸出回收率分别为85.7%、92.9%。     

浅析温度对金浸出率的影响

温度的不稳定给阿希金矿金泥酸浸一次性浸出造成了很大的影响。因此我们通过试验来确定最佳酸浸温度，提高金的浸出率。     

氰渣综合利用提取金银的试验研究

通过正交试验详细考察了矿浆浓度、硫酸过剩系数、反应温度和反应时间等因素对氰渣浸铁率的影响.结果表明矿浆浓度为35%、硫酸过剩系数为1.3、反应温度为100℃、反应时间为2.5 h的试验条件下,铁的浸出率最高,可达97.80%.对比氰渣和浸铁渣金、银的氰化浸出效果发现氰渣再氰化金、银的浸出率分别为5%和10%,而浸铁渣再氰化金、银的浸出率则分别高达87%和80%,因此氰渣浸铁再氰化是提高金、银回收率的有效途径之一.     

硫氰酸盐浸金研究进展

硫氰酸盐是一种高效、稳定、环保的金矿物浸出剂。讨论了硫氰酸盐浸金机理,从电化学角度阐述了浸出过程发生的反应与可行性,总结了焙烧氧化、加压氧化、化学氧化等预处理方法对硫氰酸盐浸金工艺的影响,归纳了浸出工艺参数浸出剂、氧化剂、p H、杂质离子、硫脲在浸金过程的作用,概括了硫氰酸盐浸出贵液中回收金的方法。从应用、工艺、机理角度概述了硫氰酸盐浸金体系近年来的研究与发展,并提出存在的问题与不足,指出了硫氰酸盐浸金的研究方向。     

多菌种混养预氧化难浸金矿效果的研究

试验采用了氧化亚铁硫杆菌(简称T.f菌)、氧化硫硫杆菌(简称T.t菌)、氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌(简称L.f菌)3种菌种,进行两菌种(即:T.t菌与L.f菌)和三菌种(即:T.f、T.t、L.f菌)组合,以不同比例配制的浸矿试验,并以单菌种(T.f和L.f菌)作对照,研究多菌种混合培养对浸矿效果的影响.通过摇瓶浸矿,氰化浸金之后,用原子吸收分光光度法测得金浸出率,结果表明:未经过生物预氧化的矿粉直接进行氰化提金,金的浸出率仅为50%,经过生物氧化预处理之后,金浸出率得到明显提高,均达到80%以上;并发现T.f、T.t、L. f三菌种混合菌浸矿效果比单菌种浸矿和两菌种浸矿效果都好,金的浸出率提高了2%-10%.     

某微细粒砷黄铁矿包裹金矿的非氰浸出研究

采用非氰浸化剂(石硫合剂)对含金为2.47 g/t的甘肃某微细粒砷黄铁矿包裹金矿进行浸出试验,研究预处理方式和浸出工艺对金浸出率的影响。结果表明,石硫合剂对金的直接搅拌浸出率低于30%,该矿属难浸金矿石;采用边磨边浸-搅拌浸出的方式,浸出率可提升至68.4%;增加碱式预氧化处理,可将金的浸出率进一步提升到80%以上。采用最优的工艺,边磨边碱式预氧化36 h,经石硫合剂搅拌浸出5 h,金的浸出率可达到91.5%。     

对边磨边浸氰化提金工艺的探讨

通过理论及分析边磨边浸氰化提金选矿试验及国外的生产实践，该工艺可强化浸出效果，缩短工艺流程，减少设备基建投资和能耗。     

Co-intensification of gold leaching with heavy metals and hydrogen peroxide

Co-intensification was researched to accelerate gold leaching with regards to its electrochemical nature by using anodic intensifiers of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Bi3+, Tl+, Hg2+ and Ag+) on the basis of hydrogen peroxide assistant leaching on three different types of materials which were classified as a refractory sulphide gold concentrate, an easily leachable sulphide gold concentrate, and a low grade oxide gold ore according to their leaching characteristics. The results showed that, favorable co-intensification effects on the three materials were obtained and leaching time of gold was effectively shortened to no longer than 12 h from 16 to 24 h for hydrogen peroxide assistant leaching. For the five tested heavy metal ions, Bi3+and Tl+ presented co-intensifying effect on all the three materials, and Hg2+ caused co-intensifying effect on both refractory and easily leachable sulphide gold concentrates, and Pb2+ and Ag+ only had co-intensifying effect on the easily leachable sulphide gold concentrate.     

微细浸染型金矿强化湿法预处理研究

采用两段充气预处理-非氰化工艺浸出微细浸染型金矿,研究了浸出条件对金浸出效率的影响。结果表明,在氧化和碱浸预处理2个阶段充气可提高金浸出率;氧化预处理2 h后,加入氢氧化钠(20 kg/t)碱浸预处理4 h,加入氧化钙(40 kg/t)替代氢氧化钠,用TY-3浸出剂(8 kg/t)浸出4 h,金浸出率可达87.21%。浸出渣的物相分析、扫描电镜观察及X射线能谱分析结果显示,硅酸盐、碳酸盐中的金可被有效浸出,浸出渣中的石英、黄铁矿表面发生腐蚀,部分黄铁矿氧化。     

重金属强化含金矿石的氰化浸出

通过分析铊、铋、汞和铅等重金属强化金氰化溶解的电化学原理,对含金氧化物矿石和难浸硫化物金精矿进行了重金属强化浸金研究.结果表明:重金属对金氰化溶解的阳极过程有显著的强化作用,但在常规供氧条件下,金的溶解速率并未显著提高;只有同时采用阴极强化措施,才能使重金属起到显著提高金溶解速率的作用;对于含金氧化物矿石,单独采用重金属强化即可明显提高浸金速率,如果在过氧化氢助浸的基础上添加重金属,金的浸出速率会有更大幅度的提高;对硫化物金精矿而言,单独采用重金属无明显强化效果,只有在添加过氧化氢作为辅助氧化剂的基础上,重金属对金的浸出才能起到强化的作用,该体系中过氧化氢起到了强化阴极过程和氧化硫化物的双重作用.     

The biological leaching of an auriferous pyrite ore

The oxidation of an auriferous pyrite ore sample was evaluated in biological leaching experiments for subsequent gold recovery via cyanidation. In batch cultures, organisms derived from the mine site oxidized pyrite and ferrous iron at pH values as low as pH 0.6. The recovery of gold was variable in shake flask experiments. In stirred tank bioreactor leaching, gold recovery was proportional to the extent of iron dissolution by bioleaching. The leaching of arsenic from the sample was also directly proportional to iron dissolution.     

双氧水协同硝酸浸出失效银催化剂中银的研究

在传统硝酸浸出含银废催化剂中银的基础上，研究了双氧水浸出银的影响。在2mol/L HNO₃，浸出温度70°C，浸出时间120min，固液比1:4条件下，通过逐次加入双氧水，银浸出率为99.76%，获得了较好浸出效果。浸出过程中，双氧水将Ag氧化为Ag₂O，可有效提高银的浸出率，同时硝酸与银反应产生的氮氧化物被双氧水氧化生成硝酸继续参加反应。采用硝酸-双氧水作为浸出剂保证了银高效浸出，减少了氮氧化物排放，为含银废催化剂绿色高效回收提供了理论基础及技术支撑。     

多硫化物浸取含金硫化矿的研究

采用多硫化物浸取含金硫化金精矿，考察各种因素对金浸取的影响，分析浸取过程中Ｓ＾２－ｘ浓度的变化及其与金浸出的关系。     

Pressure leaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards using sulfuric acid

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are essential components of electronic equipments which contain various metallic values. This paper reports a hydrometallurgical recycling process for waste PCBs, which consists of the novel pretreatment consisting of organic swelling of PCBs followed by sulfuric acid leaching of metals from waste PCBs. To recycle the waste PCBs, experiments were carried out for the recovery of copper from the crushed and organic swelled materials of waste PCBs using sulfuric acid leaching in presence of hydrogen peroxide under atmospheric and pressure condition. The leaching of PCBs at 90°C, pulp density 100 g/L under atmospheric condition, using 6M sulfuric acid resulted in the dissolution of a minor amount of copper due to the presence of plastic coating on the surface of metallic layers. On the other hand, when the liberated metal sheets from organic swelled PCBs were treated with dilute sulfuric acid of concentration 2M along with hydrogen peroxide in an autoclave under oxygen atmosphere, the percentage recovery of copper was found to increase from 59.63% to 97.01% with an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration from 5 to 15% (v/v) keeping constant pulp density 30 g/L.     

用石硫合剂（LSSS）法从高铅金精矿浸出金

石硫合剂法是最新的无氰提金技术。石硫合剂法浸金机理是：电化学──催化机理。本文对石硫合剂法浸出高铅顽固金精矿样的工艺研究表明：石硫合剂法对顽固金精矿的适应性良好，采取二段浸出工艺，金浸出率可达９９％，为国内外大量顽固金矿的开发利用提供了条件和可能途径。     

Co-intensification of cyanide leaching gold by mercury ions and oxidant

The effects of mercury ions on gold cyanidation were studied. The results show that under low cyanide concentration, gold cyanide process is controlled by CN^? transfer, while at higher cyanide concentration, there forms passivation on gold surface. Therefore, chemical oxidation of gold in cyanide solution of higher concentration is controlled by surface reaction. Small quantity of additions of mercury ions bring about great increases in anodic gold dissolution rate, decreases the passivation and reduces the equilibrium activated energy. In addition, they also markedly change the effect pattern of cyanide concentration. Mercury ions show positive effects on cathodic reduction of oxygen and raise the rate of electrochemical step of the cathodic reduction of oxygen. Addition of a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide is confirmed to be an effective way for intensification of cathodic process on gold electrode. Active potential range and current peak on anodic dissolution are enlarged when being co-intensified with Hg²⁺ and hydrogen peroxide. Co-intensifying effect may be obtained and gold leaching rate is considerably increased on cyanide leaching of gold from gold concentrates.     

高岭石对氰化浸金的影响及助浸研究

采用电化学实验研究了在氰化浸金过程中常见矿物高岭石对金溶解速率及对溶液中金的吸附效果的影响。结果表明,高岭石的存在会使金的溶解速率加快,随着高岭石粒度逐渐降低金的溶解速率提高,且高岭石对溶液中金的吸附率增加。氰化浸出实验结果表明,高岭石存在时金的浸出率由93.21%降低到91.76%,采用柠檬酸三钠、过氧化镁和十二烷基硫酸钠助浸时,金浸出率升高至94.42%。能谱分析(EDS)发现浸出物中高岭石表面有金元素存在,表明高岭石会吸附溶液中的金。红外光谱分析和密度泛函理论计算表明,高岭石与金发生化学吸附作用,氢原子为高岭石的活性位点,C6H5O7^3-会优先吸附于高岭石(001)表面,加入助浸剂可降低高岭石与金的吸附强度,提高金的浸出率。