城市污水处理厂的污泥膨胀研究分析

通过对北京市大型城市污水处理厂优势丝状菌鉴定及温度、生物选择器和溶解氧对污泥膨胀影响的研究分析,发现脱氮除磷工艺普遍会在冬季发生由Microthrix parvicella茵引起的污泥膨胀.研究了温度与SVI的变化规律,分析了出水亚硝酸氮和SVI的相关性,并对生物选择器和不同DO浓度对污泥膨胀的影响进行了分析.     

某化工废水处理厂A/O工艺污泥膨胀原因分析与控制措施

介绍了某化工废水处理厂A/O工艺发生污泥膨胀的成因与措施,主要从引起污泥膨胀的丝状菌与非丝状菌过度繁殖两大诱因排查,通过对系统进水水质、溶解氧以及处理负荷等分析,确定为丝状菌过度繁殖引起的污泥膨胀,并通过采取预曝气、控制溶解氧浓度和水温、调节pH和进水负荷等措施,有效解决了污泥膨胀问题。     

好氧颗粒污泥反应器快速启动及除碳脱氮试验

为快速启动好氧颗粒污泥反应器,在SBR反应器中同时接种硝化污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件,温度23~25℃,pH值7.5~8.5,DO质量浓度1.5 mg/L左右,15 d即完成反应器快速启动。形成的好氧颗粒污泥粒径1.5~2.5 mm,SVI值54 mL/g。颗粒污泥结构紧密,沉降性能良好。反应器连续运行40多天,改变进水COD及NH4+-N浓度,COD和NH4+-N去除率均能稳定在80%以上,反应器内发生了同步硝化反硝化过程。     

新型摇动填料生物膜反应器处理生活污水的试验研究

采用新型摇动填料生物膜反应器处理生活污水,获得了较好的CODCr和NH3-N去除效果.水力停留时间为1.1 h时,CODCr进水负荷最高可达5.5 kgCODCr/(m3·d),平均进水负荷为3.65 kgCODCr/(m3·d),出水CODCr平均浓度48 mg/L;氨氮进水负荷最高可达1.2 kg NH3-N/(m3·d),出水氨氮平均值低于5 mg/L.摇动填料内生物膜硝化活性高于降解有机物活性,且上部生物膜活性普遍高于中部和下部.系统污泥产率系数为0.15 gSS/gCODCr,低于传统活性污泥法的污泥产率.     

氧化沟工艺污泥膨胀原因分析与控制

为了有效预防和控制污泥膨胀的发生,针对氧化沟工艺,以昌平污水处理中心2010年9月至2011年4月发生的污泥膨胀为例,对设计工艺和运行数据进行分析,发现进水水质、水温、pH、溶解氧含量、污泥负荷以及营养物质都与污泥膨胀有着密切的联系。针对污泥膨胀的原因及相关的机理,根据实际情况,通过控制进水水质、适当增加溶解氧含量以及加大排泥,污泥膨胀可得到有效控制。     

提质增效后污水处理厂耐冲击能力分析

以东莞某5万m3/d污水处理厂为例,探究了提质增效后进水浓度对污水处理厂一级处理单元、生物池、深度处理单元及污泥脱水系统的影响.结果 表明:提质增效后进水浓度变化对一级处理单元影响较小;当进水氨氮浓度由24.2 mg/L提高到32.1 mg/L(90％涵盖率),TN浓度由30 mg/L提高到39.9 mg/L(90％涵盖率),COD由258 mg/L提高到378 mg/L(90％涵盖率),BOD5由104 mg/L提高到185 mg/L(90％涵盖率),以多点进水多段AAO工艺为代表的生物池,对TN、COD、氨氮和BOD5均有较好的处理效果,低DO、低污泥负荷没有引起污泥膨胀,污泥SVI平均值为100.5mL/g;当进水SS从192mg/L提高到205 mg/L(90％涵盖率),TP从4.52mg/L提高到5.17 mg/L(90％涵盖率),高效沉淀池+滤布滤池工艺均能维持稳定的除磷和SS去除效果,出水TP和SS平均浓度为0.17mg/L和4.0 mg/L;低DO条件下,出水BOD5和氨氮等均达标,为污水处理厂节能降耗提供思路;因进水BOD5增加使剩余污泥量增加,导致污泥脱水系统产能相对不足,需升级改造.     

北京高碑店污水处理厂污泥膨胀的研究及控制对策

通过分析高碑店污水处理厂发生污泥膨胀前后的运行参数及污泥膨胀可能的原因,认为此次污泥膨胀主要由于污泥负荷偏低引起的中度丝状菌膨胀,通过调节泥龄、污泥负荷、溶解氧等运行参数成功地控制了污泥膨胀.     

连续流活性污泥法实现城镇污水短程脱氮的影响因素分析

城镇污水短程脱氮工艺关键技术之一是如何将氨氧化控制在亚硝化阶段。综合分析温度、pH、DO浓度、进水C/N比、进水方式、缺氧/好氧区体积比、污泥丝状菌膨胀、SRT、HRT、氨氮负荷、污泥浓度、内回流比、化学抑制剂等因素对污水短程硝化过程的影响作用,为常温连续流条件下实现城镇污水的短程脱氮提供技术参考。     

活性污泥法的障碍

活性污泥法的障碍主要是膨胀(bulking)和解体。一、膨胀膨胀有两种基本形式,即1.球衣菌之类的丝状生物异常增殖和2.污泥结合水异常增加。膨胀是污泥体积庞大而难以沉淀的现象,污泥重力浓缩不良,SVI异常增高。因此,发生膨胀     

印染废水处理厂污泥膨胀控制应用探讨

通过对某印染废水处理工程技术改造后产生的污泥膨胀现象分析,表明进入生化系统废水中易生化处理物质含量升高和污泥负荷、温度是产生污泥膨胀最主要因素.水温高于39℃时,水温对SVI影响最大,高温导致SVI一般在100mL/g以内,不易发生污泥膨胀现象;水温低于39℃时,污泥膨胀程度跟负荷有一定对应关系,抑制中度以上膨胀的关键是控制污泥负荷不超过0.25kgCODCr/(kgMLSS·d).系统处于"微污泥膨胀状态"时,有利于废水的生化处理,而不会对生化出水产生负作用.     

污泥膨胀的原因分析及预警监测研究

通过分析活性污泥法污水处理系统的实际运行工况,筛选出丝状细菌数量级、污泥沉降比、负荷比、溶解氧、泥龄、温度和营养物类型作为污泥膨胀指标,并根据研究得出污泥膨胀监控指示范围.     

污泥膨胀的原因分析及预警监测研究

通过分析活性污泥法污水处理系统的实际运行工况,筛选出丝状细菌数量级、污泥沉降比、负荷比、溶解氧、泥龄、温度和营养物类型作为污泥膨胀指标,并根据研究得出污泥膨胀监控指示范围。     

Successful solution for high nitrogen content wastewater treatment from rendering plants.

Specific composition of wastewater from rendering plants requires a sophisticated approach to treatment. COD content up to 10 g/l and nitrogen up to 2.5 g/l leads to many difficulties during treatment with activated sludge process. Performance of such wastewater treatment plants is generally very unstable: severe problems with filamentous and viscous sludge bulking occur due to macronutrient deficiency, nitrification is often inhibited by high ammonia and nitrite content, no sufficient carbon source for denitrification is available, and high temperatures up to 40 degree C negatively influence treatment processes. Appropriate control of pH, temperature, biocatalytic nutrient dosage, suitable external carbon source and restriction of inhibitory effects led to the successful operation of four wastewater treatment plants in the region reaching required effluent standards TIN = 60 mg/l and COD = 200 mg/l.     

Effect of chlorination bulking control on water quality and phosphate release/uptake in an anaerobic-oxic activated sludge system.

This study evaluates the effect of chlorination bulking control on water quality and phosphate release/uptake in an anaerobic-oxic activated sludge system. A series of batch experiments with different specific NaOCl mass dose were conducted to determine the sludge settling properties, supernatant water quality and phosphate metabolism behavior of filamentous bulking sludge. The harvested sludge was from a continuous-flow anaerobic-oxic (A/O) activated sludge pilot-plant, i.e., enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system, operated with 15 days of sludge retention time. The filamentous bacteria in the A/O pilot plant were identified to be Thiothrix according to Eikelboom's classification techniques, which was in accordance with the high influent sulfate concentration of this study (50 mg/L sulfate). Increasing NaOCI concentration, as revealed by experimental results, obviously decreased the sludge settling properties (SVI values and zone settling velocities) and meanwhile significantly reduced supernatant water quality (COD, SS, TP) mainly due to higher suspended solids caused by floc disruption. Moreover, the nine-hour batch experiments indicated that high NaOCI dosage (40 mg/gMLSS) completely deteriorated phosphate metabolism of EBPR sludge. Such a high dosage of chlorination further confirmed overdosing through disappearance of intracellular PHB and death of protozoa by microscopic investigation. Still, phosphate release/uptake behavior of EBPR sludge properly functions at low NaOCl dosage (5 mg/g MLSS). Besides, phosphate metabolism worsens rapidly before the SVI value reaches its lowest level. These findings imply that determining NaOCI requirement with merely SVI values can readily result in chlorination overdosing. Proper NaOCI dosage requires a delicately balanced consideration between sludge settling improvement, water quality demand and phosphate metabolism. Batch test of phosphate release/uptake is apparently a prerequisite to conclude an appropriate NaOCl dosage for bulking control.     

污泥膨胀特性与控制对策

从丝状菌和絮凝菌的生长特性方面对活性污泥膨胀特性及影响因素进行了分析研究,论述了各种活性污泥膨胀控制措施.     

生物颗粒活性炭处理苯酚废水

研究了生物颗粒活性炭(BGAC)处理合成苯酚废水的效果和机理。结果表明,BGAC能够高效处理苯酚废水,处理效果优于活性污泥法和颗粒活性炭(GAC)吸附。BGAC、活性污泥和GAC分别对75 mg/L的苯酚废水连续处理,平均去除率分别为98%、60%和90%。通过苯酚出水pH值和反应器中溶解氧的变化情况分析,BGAC对苯酚废水的处理主要借助于活性炭的吸附和微生物降解的交替作用。     

Microbial community change of sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation bacteria in the activated sludge cultivated with acetate and peptone.

The growth of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and filamentous sulfur bacteria was monitored on a laboratory scale in activated sludge reactors using acetate and peptone as the artificial wastewater. When the artificial wastewater contained acetate and peptone, filamentous bacteria increased in the sludge and the SVI values increased. There was a good correlation between sulfate reducing activity and sulfur oxidation activity in the produced sludge. The microbial community change of filamentous sulfur bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria was analyzed using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method. The tendency for the growth of filamentous sulfur bacteria Thiothrix eikelboomii following the growth of SRB was observed. The percentage of SRB385- hybridized cells and DNMA657-hybridized cells found in the total cell area increased from 2-3% to 7-10% when the filamentous bulking occurred.     

Automatic control for do and pH in the activated sludge process in a coke wastewater treatment plant

The objective of this study is to develop an automatic control system for dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of the activated sludge process in a coke wastewater treatment plant. A discrete type autotuned proportional-integral (PI) controller using an auto-regressive exogenous (ARX) model as a process model was developed to maintain the DO concentration in aerators by controlling the speed of surface aerators. Also a nonlinear pH controller using the titration curve was used to control the pH of influent wastewater. This control system was tested in a pilot scale plant. During this pilot plant experiment, there was small deviation of pH and the electric power consumption of surface aerators was reduced up to 70% with respect to the full operation when the DO set point was 2 mg/1. For real plant operation with this system, the discrete PI controller showed good tracking for set point change. The electricity saving was more than 40% of the electricity consumption when considering surface aerators. As a result of maintaining the DO constantly at the set point by the automatic control system, the fluctuation of effluent quality was decreased and overall improvement of the effluent water quality was achieved.     

基于节能的鼓风曝气系统溶解氧稳定智能控制方法

目前,国内大多数采用活性污泥法的城市污水处理厂的曝气控制系统普遍存在着溶解氧浓度波动大、曝气量冗余大、曝气单元能耗高等问题。介绍了一种基于气量动态变化反馈控制原理与PID反馈控制原理的鼓风曝气系统溶解氧稳定智能控制方法,该方法可以使曝气池适应污水处理厂进水水量和水质的变化,保持溶解氧浓度的稳定,对污水处理厂稳定安全的运行和降低系统能耗均有显著效果。该方法对于采用鼓风曝气的活性污泥法工艺具有良好的普适性和有效性,并在实际应用中取得了很好的效果。