香兰素衍生物BVAN08对人脑胶质瘤细胞的放射增敏作用及机制研究

Objective To provide more convincing evidences and experimental data for exploring vanillin derivative BVAN08,6-bromine-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde,as a new anticancer drug,and to investigate the effect on the growth,radiosensitization of human glioma cell line U-251 and the relative mechanism.Methods The effect of BVAN08 on cell proliferation of U-251 and radiosensitivity to 60Co γ-rays (irradiation dose rate 2.3 Gy/min) were analyzed with MTT and colony-forming ability assay.Change in cellular morphology was observed by using light microscope.Change in cell cycle and apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry.The autophagy was observed by using TEM (irradiation dose rate is transmission electron microscope).DNA-PKcs protein level was detected through Western blot analysis.Results BVAN08 exhibited a dose- and time-dependent inhibition on the proliferation of U-251 cells during the concentration range of 10-100 mol/L (t = 1.83-3.07,P ＜ 0.05).IC50 at 48 h and 72 h after administration with BVAN08 were 55.3 and 52.7 mol/L,respectively.Obvious G2/M arrest was induced in U-251 cells after 4 h administration with BVAN08,and reached peak at 12 h.The G2/M population reached 63.3% in U-251 cells after 12 h administration of 60 μmol/L BVAN08 and kept increasing with the time,while both apoptosis and autophagic cell death were induced.The most effective radiosensitization time for BVAN08 treatment was 12 h before irradiation.The enhancement ratio of radiosensitivity was 3.14 for 20 μmol/L of BVAN08 12 h before 2 Gy irradiation.Conclusions BVAN08 can nduce apoptosis as well as autophygic cell death of U-251 cells,and sensitize U-251 cells.The mechanism of its radiosensitizing effect might be associated with the induction of G2/M arrest and inhibition of DNA-PKcs expression.BVAN08 seemed to be a romising radiosensitizing anticancer drug.     

对乙酰氨基酚对不同脑胶质瘤细胞的放射增敏作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨对乙酰氨基酚联合放射对人恶性脑胶质瘤细胞2种细胞的放射增敏效应及其可能的机制。 方法 以人恶性脑胶质瘤细胞株SHG-44及其接受10Gy 6MV X射线照射后的存活后代细胞SHG-44_10Gy为研究对象,采用免疫细胞化学和RT-PCR检测2株细胞COX-2的表达,集落形成实验测定对乙酰氨基酚对细胞的放射增敏作用。结果 HG-44_10Gy较SHG-44的放射敏感性低(P<0.01);免疫细胞化学染色SHG-44和SHG-44_10Gy细胞的胞质及胞膜均有COX-2蛋白的表达,且后者明显高于前者;RT-PCR检测SHG-44_10Gy中COX-2 mRNA表达水平明显高于SHG-44细胞,与放射敏感性有显著的相关性(r=0.976,P<0.01);对乙酰氨基酚联合放疗分别作用于SHG-44和SHG-44_10Gy细胞,与单纯照射组相比,显示了放射增敏作用,SHG-44细胞D₀值和D_q值增敏比分别为1.09和1.11,SHG-44_10Gy的SER分别为1.12和3.01。结论 人恶性脑胶质瘤细胞株SHG-44及其照射存活后代细胞均有COX-2表达,且对辐射耐受的存活后代细胞中COX-2明显增高;对乙酰氨基酚可通过抑制COX-2的表达增加人脑胶质瘤SHG-44细胞尤其是其照射后代细胞的放射敏感性。     

塞来昔布对正常脑胶质细胞和脑胶质瘤细胞放射增敏效应的比较及其机制

目的 探讨塞来昔布对正常少突胶质细胞（oln93）及脑胶质瘤细胞（u373）的放射增敏作用及其作用机制。方法 将两种细胞按空白处理、单独接受塞来昔布或X射线、塞来昔布联合X射线4种不同处理方式分为对照组、给药组、照射组和联合组,MTT法、克隆形成法对比两种细胞的增殖和放射敏感性,流式法测细胞的周期分布,Western blot法分析相关蛋白表达。结果 与未加药物相比,塞来昔布能抑制oln93细胞和u373细胞生长（t=2.215~30.996,P<0.05;t=0.383~11.732,P<0.05）,但相同药物浓度下抑制两种细胞差异无统计学意义。放射增敏比SER分别为1.13和1.21,并诱导G₀/G₁期阻滞（t=-6.1~5.141,P<0.05）。联合组与照射组比较,oln93细胞发生S期阻滞（t=-18.174,P<0.05）,CyclinA蛋白表达增加（t=-8.087,P<0.05）;u373细胞发生G₂/M期阻滞,Cyclin B1、DNA-PKcs、MRE11蛋白表达下降（t=-8.838~10.45,P<0.05）。结论 塞来昔布对u373的放射增敏作用比oln93细胞明显,其机制与调节细胞周期分布及DNA损伤修复有关。     

6-溴异香兰素对HeLa细胞的增殖抑制及放射增敏作用

目的研究香兰素衍生物中的6-溴异香兰素（6-溴-5-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛,BVAN08）对HeLa细胞增殖和放射敏感性的影响,为开发新的抗癌和放射增敏药物提供理论依据。方法利用MTT法检测细胞增殖,单细胞凝胶电泳检测细胞DNA损伤,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,克隆形成率法检测细胞放射敏感性,AnnexinⅤ/PI染色法检测细胞凋亡。结果研究表明BVAN08在10～20μmol/L以上浓度就显示出对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用,抑制程度具有剂量依赖性,抑制细胞存活的IC50值为19.07μmol/L。BVAN08能诱发细胞DNA双链断裂损伤,作用4h就开始诱发细胞周期G2/M阻滞,随时间延长阻滞更加明显。BVAN08明显降低DNA修复蛋白DNA-PKcs的表达水平,20μmol/LBVAN08与2Gyγ射线复合作用可以显著增加细胞对射线的敏感性,增加细胞凋亡率。结论 BVAN08抑制HeLa细胞增殖,提高细胞的放射敏感性,其放射增敏作用与降低DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平和G2/M阻滞有关。     

核定位序列修饰的二氧化钛纳米颗粒对胶质瘤U251细胞的放射增敏作用

目的 研究核定位序列（nuclear localization sequence,NLS）修饰的二氧化钛（titanium dioxide,TiO₂）纳米颗粒对胶质瘤U251细胞放射敏感性的作用。方法 合成并表征具有细胞核靶向性的TiO₂-NLS纳米颗粒,分别用纳米颗粒和电离辐射单独或联合处理U251细胞,流式细胞仪检测活性氧（ROS）含量和细胞凋亡率,γ-H2AX焦点（foci）染色检测DNA损伤修复的情况,细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞放射敏感性的改变。结果 NLS修饰可促进TiO₂纳米颗粒进入U251细胞核,与未修饰的TiO₂纳米颗粒相比,TiO₂-NLS纳米颗粒可促进电离辐射诱导的细胞凋亡（t=8.96,P<0.05）,细胞克隆实验显示,TiO₂-BSA纳米颗粒组的放射增敏比为1.18,TiO₂-NLS纳米颗粒处理组的放射增敏比为1.29,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=14.72,P<0.05）。结论 具有细胞核靶向性的TiO₂纳米颗粒能够增强胶质瘤U251细胞的放射敏感性。     

放射增敏剂的作用机制及临床研究进展

放射治疗是治疗恶性肿瘤的主要手段之一，但是临床上多数肿瘤的放射治疗疗效较低，因此如何增加肿瘤的放射敏感性一直是肿瘤放射治疗领域中受关注的问题。已有为数不多的放射增敏剂应用于临床或正在进行临床试验，各种放射增敏剂的作用方式及效果各有差别，本文作者从几个方面综述如下。     

吩噻嗪类药物对人胶质瘤U-251细胞的杀伤和放射增敏作用

目的观察吩噻嗪类化合物对肿瘤细胞的杀伤及放射增敏作用。方法三氟拉嗪（TFP）和吩噻嗪作用于体外培养的U-251细胞，克隆形成法检测辐射敏感性，流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化。结果TFP和吩噻嗪有明显的抑制U-251细胞增殖和提高其放射敏感性的作用，TFP的作用比吩噻嗪更加明显，20μmol／L的TFP可抑制4Gy照射后6h的G2/M阻滞的发生。结论TFP对人胶质瘤U-251细胞具有杀伤及放射增敏作用。     

青蒿素对人鼻咽癌CNE细胞的放射增敏作用及机制的研究

目的 探讨青蒿素对人鼻咽癌CNE细胞的放射增敏作用。方法 应用甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测青蒿素对鼻咽癌CNE细胞的抑制效应;克隆形成实验观察青蒿素对CNE细胞的放射敏感性的影响;流式细胞术测定照射后CNE细胞周期的再分布。结果 青蒿素对CNE细胞的抑制率呈药物剂量依赖性增加。青蒿素能明显增加γ射线对CNE细胞的克隆形成抑制作用,1 μmol/L青蒿素对CNE细胞的放射增敏比(SER)为1.26。青蒿素能够去除γ射线照射后CNE细胞的G₂/M期阻滞,与单纯6 Gy照射组相比,青蒿素+照射组G₂/M期阻滞减少。结论 青蒿素通过减弱辐射诱导的G₂/M期阻滞,从而增加γ射线对CNE细胞的杀伤作用。     

青蒿素对人鼻咽癌CNE细胞的放射增敏作用及机制的研究

Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effects of artemisinin on CNE human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro.Methods CNE human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line was used in this study.Cell growth kinetics was determined by MTT assay.Effect of the drug on radiosensitivity of CNE cells was analyzed by clonogenic assay.The change of cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry.Results The inhibition of CNE cells growth by artemisinin was increased with concentrations.Artemisinin (1 μmol/L)could enhance the radiosensitizing effects on CNE cell line,and the sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER)was 1.26.Artemisinin abrogated radiation-induced G2/M arrest of the tested CNE cells.Compared with the radiation alone group,the proportion of G2/M phase cells increased in radiation combined with drug group.Conclusions Artemisinin could reduce radiation-induced G2/M arrest and enhance the cytotoxicity of γ-irradiation on the CNE ceils.     

青蒿素对人鼻咽癌CNE细胞的放射增敏作用及机制的研究

Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effects of artemisinin on CNE human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro.Methods CNE human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line was used in this study.Cell growth kinetics was determined by MTT assay.Effect of the drug on radiosensitivity of CNE cells was analyzed by clonogenic assay.The change of cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry.Results The inhibition of CNE cells growth by artemisinin was increased with concentrations.Artemisinin (1 μmol/L)could enhance the radiosensitizing effects on CNE cell line,and the sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER)was 1.26.Artemisinin abrogated radiation-induced G2/M arrest of the tested CNE cells.Compared with the radiation alone group,the proportion of G2/M phase cells increased in radiation combined with drug group.Conclusions Artemisinin could reduce radiation-induced G2/M arrest and enhance the cytotoxicity of γ-irradiation on the CNE ceils.     

Photodynamic Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on U251 human glioma cells

<正>Object:To investigate the photodynamic effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)on U251 human glioma cells.Methods:Fluorescence microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope were used to detect the localization of PpⅨ in U251 human glioma cells.The cells with/without ALA were irradiated at the wavelength of 635 nm.MTT assay was used to measure the cell surviva     

DNA依赖蛋白激酶催化亚基抑制剂NU7026对结肠癌HCT116癌干细胞的放射增敏作用

目的 以结肠癌细胞HCT116为研究对象,评价DNA依赖蛋白激酶催化亚基(DNA-PKcs)抑制剂NU7026对癌干细胞的放射增敏作用及其机制。方法 以CD133+/CD44+为标志物,流式细胞术检测癌干细胞亚群。将HCT116细胞分为对照组、单纯药物(20 μmol/L NU7026)组、单纯照射(2 Gy γ射线)组和药物+照射(20 μmol/L NU7026联合2 Gy γ射线)组,照射前2 h加入NU7026。细胞集落形成实验检测HCT116细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡, γ-H2AX foci的免疫荧光激光共聚焦分析DNA双链断裂损伤修复。结果 体外培养HCT116细胞中CD133+/CD44+癌干细胞亚群比例高达(88.14±0.47)%,HCT116细胞低密度接种无血清培养基中集落形成率为(84.75±1.35)%。与单纯照射组比较,药物+照射组细胞存活率显著降低(t=7.22,P<0.01)。受照后48 h,药物+照射组的癌干细胞亚群比例较单纯照射组显著降低(t=9.55,P<0.01)。受照后24 h,NU7026明显增加G₂/M期阻滞(t=7.67,P<0.01),48 h细胞早期凋亡发生率也明显增加(t=8.24,P<0.05)。药物+照射组在照后2、4、8和24 h DNA双链断裂(γ-H2AX foci)残留比单纯照射组明显增多(t=19.58、11.95、7.01和9.45,P<0.01)。结论 NU7026对癌干细胞为优势亚群的结肠癌HCT116细胞具有明显的放射增敏作用,显著增加对癌干细胞的杀伤效应,增敏机制包括抑制DNA修复,诱发不可逆G₂/M期阻滞和增加细胞凋亡。     

适配体标记的阿霉素对于人胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡的影响

目的 构建一种核酸适配体(aptamer,Apt)标记的阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)靶向药物Apt-DOX,并研究其对表皮生长因子受体(epithelial growth factor receptor,EGFR)阳性的人胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡的影响.方法 利用紫外分光光度计检测阿霉素连接核酸适配体前后紫外线特征吸收峰位置的变化;CCK-8法检测Apt、DOX和Apt-DOX对U251细胞增殖的影响,并以EGFR阴性的人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞为对照组;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法对DOX和Apt-DOX处理的U251和MDA-MB-231细胞进行染色,然后通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况.结果 Apt的连接对DOX的紫外吸收峰位置没有产生影响,DOX对U251和MDA-MB-231细胞均有一定的杀伤效果,并具有浓度和时间依赖性,而与DOX相同浓度的Apt对U251和MDA-MB-231细胞的活性均没有产生明显影响,Apt-DOX相比单独的DOX更加明显抑制U251细胞的活性(P＜0.01),而Apt-DOX对MDA-MB-231细胞活性的影响与DOX的差异无统计学意义.流式双染结果显示Apt-DOX对MDA-MB-231细胞的凋亡率与DOX的相似,分别为14.6％和13.5％,而Apt-DOX对U251细胞的凋亡率显著高于DOX,为42.7％.结论 Apt-DOX可以显著靶向EGFR阳性U251细胞.相对单独的DOX,Apt-DOX对U251细胞有明显的细胞活性抑制效果,并诱导其凋亡.     

低温等离子体联合辐射对三种癌细胞系放射增敏效应的研究

目的 探讨低温等离子体对人肝癌细胞系HepG2、非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549及人宫颈癌细胞系HeLa的放射增敏作用及其机制。方法 应用克隆形成实验观察低温等离子体对3种细胞的放射增敏作用;流式细胞仪分析3种细胞周期分布、凋亡率及活性氧含量;Western blot法检测单纯照射(R组)、单纯等离子体作用(P组)及其联合辐射(P+R组)对3种细胞中Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达的影响。结果 低温等离子体对HepG2、A549及HeLa细胞均有放射增敏作用,放射增敏比(SER_D0)分别为1.28、1.32、1.29。HepG2、A549及HeLa细胞P+R组G₂/M期比例、凋亡率及活性氧含量与R组比较均明显增高(t_G2/M期=9.52、8.24、9.53,P<0.05;t_凋亡率=10.67、38.56、6.74,P<0.05;t_{活性氧含量}=9.41、15.42、13.53,P<0.05)。HepG2和A549细胞P+R组G₂/M期比例、凋亡率及活性氧含量与P组比较均明显升高(t_G2/M期=8.75、20.37,P<0.05;t_凋亡率=8.43、9.99,P<0.05;t_{活性氧含量}=4.82、5.27,P<0.05)。3种癌细胞中P+R组Bcl-2蛋白表达较R组降低,而Caspase-3蛋白表达升高。结论 低温等离子体可提高HepG2、A549及HeLa细胞系的放射敏感性,其对HepG2及A549细胞系的放射增敏机制可能与抑制亚致死损伤修复,使细胞周期阻滞在G₂/M期,以及提高细胞内ROS水平诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

ADPRT抑制剂对人肿瘤细胞的放射增敏效应

目的：从细胞的克隆形成能力和细胞ＤＮＡ双链断裂及修复几方面探讨了ＡＤＰ－核糖基转移酶（ＡＤＰＲＴ）的特异性抑制剂３－氨基苯甲酰胺（３－ＡＢ）对人卵巢癌细胞株ＨＯＣ８的放射增敏效应。结果表明，３－ＡＢ能降低受照细胞的克隆形成能力；照射所诱发的初始ＤＮＡ双链断裂水平不受３－ＡＢ的影响，但细胞对双链断裂的修复能力受到抑制，表现为慢速修复水平下降，两方面的结果呈正相关。结论：通过脉冲电场凝胶电泳测定ＤＮＡ双链断裂及其修复水平，可以预测细胞的放射敏感性。     

Radiosensitization by 6-aminonicotinamide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in human cancer cells

The aim was to exploit simultaneous inhibition of glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways of energy production for radiosensitization using 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) in transformed mammalian cells. Two human tumour cell lines (cerebral glioma, BMG-1 and squamous carcinoma cells 4197) were investigated. 2-DG and/or 6-AN added at the time of irradiation were present for 4 h after radiation. Radiation-induced cell death (macrocolony assay), cytogenetic damage (micronuclei formation), cell cycle delay (bromodeoxyuridne (BrdU) pulse chase), apoptosis (externalization of phosphotidylserine (PS) by annexin V), chromatin-bound proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cellular glutathione (GSH) levels were investigated as parameters of radiation response. The presence of 2-DG (5 mM) during and for 4 h after irradiation increased the radiation-induced micronuclei formation and cell death, and caused a time-dependent decrease in GSH levels in BMG-1 cells while no significant effects could be observed in 4197 cells. 6-AN (5 microM) enhanced the radiosensitivity of both cell lines and reduced the GSH content by nearly 50% in gamma-irradiated 4197 cells. Combining 2-DG and 6-AN caused a profound decrease in the GSH content and enhanced the radiation damage in both the cell lines by increasing mitotic and apoptotic cell death. Further, the combination (2-DG + 6-AN) enhanced the radiation-induced G2 block, besides arresting cells in S phase and inhibited the recruitment of PCNA. The combination of 2-DG and 6-AN enhances radiation damage by modifying damage response pathways and has the potential for improving radiotherapy of cancer.