共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 52 毫秒
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山顶洞101号头骨化石是东亚地区保存最为完整的化石之一,是探讨东亚地区现代人起源的重要研究材料。本文依据数据集中现生人的面部软组织平均分布,提出了计算机三维颅面复原方法,实现了101号头骨生前面貌的预测复原。主要包括三个步骤:首先使用CT完成了101号男性头骨和下颌骨仿制模型的三维重建。然后,利用计算机技术将现生人的面部软组织分布作为101号头骨的面部软组织分布,实现了颅面虚拟复原,并采用手工绘画技巧再现了复原面貌的形态特征。最后,提出了一种基于面部软组织分布和面貌统计形状模型的形态分析方法,实现了颅面复原结果的评估。山顶洞101号头骨的复原面貌具有头部较长、额头前倾、眉弓粗壮等特征,与101号头骨的几何形态基本一致。该技术再现了更新世晚期人类的脑颅及面部的形态特征,为古人类颅面复原的研究提供了技术支持和参考资料。 相似文献
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软组织厚度作为颅骨面貌复原的基础, 具有重要的应用价值。本文借助计算机技术对西安地区132例成年人颅面数据样本开展软组织测量、分析及应用研究, 结果表明, 1)通过分析特征点处软组织厚度和面部软组织分布图, 发现面部软组织分布具有一定的规律, 额头区域软组织厚度薄且样本间差异小, 脸颊区域软组织厚且样本间差异大; 2)通过比较不同年龄段男性软组织厚度的均值, 发现20-30岁阶段软组织厚度均值最小, 50-60岁阶段软组织厚度均值其次, 30-40岁阶段软组织厚度均值最大, 但30-40岁和40-50岁两个年龄段的软组织厚度近似; 通过比较不同年龄段女性软组织厚度的均值, 发现20-30岁阶段软组织厚度均值最小, 30-40岁阶段软组织厚度均值其次, 40-50岁阶段的软组织厚度均值最大; 3)特征点处软组织厚度标准差可以反映面貌体态的差异, 因此根据10个脸颊特征点的软组织厚度均值和标准差实现面貌体态分类; 4)根据不同性别、年龄、体态对应的软组织平均厚度, 应用计算机技术实现给定颅骨的三维面貌复原, 复原结果相比于传统手工复原的结果更加科学。 相似文献
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干扰素调节因子6(interferon regulatory factor 6, IRF6)是一种在胚胎发育过程中广泛表达的转录激活因子。研究发现, IRF6能够调控口腔上皮细胞的增殖与分化,影响唇腭的正常融合、牙釉质的形成以及牙齿形态,同时还参与颌骨成骨细胞的分化。IRF6基因的缺失或者突变会导致腭裂、牙齿缺失、颅面畸形、骨骼缺陷等颅面部异常。该文综述了IRF6在颅面部发育中的研究进展,旨在了解其在颅面部发育以及颅面畸形中的作用,以期为今后相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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亚洲疣猴面颅和脑颅的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对亚洲疣猴123个头骨的面颅和脑颅的14项变量作了分析。讨论了东亚古环境的变迁对亚洲疣猴辐射的影响。据分析结果,似乎获得了几个新结论:1)亚洲疣猴可能还有另一条迁移路线——沿特蒂斯海北岸的西藏南部进入我国横断山区,故它们可能有两个分化或辐射中心,即“Sundaland”和我国的横断山地区;2)Nasalis(2n=48)可能是亚洲疣猴中最原始的一个属;3)Pygathrix与Presbytiscus具有最大的相似性,但前者与Phinopithecus相差甚远;4)Phinopithecus无论面颅和脑颅或是起源都是亚洲疣猴中更为特化的一个属。提出了亚洲疣猴系统发育支序图。 相似文献
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颅底肿瘤尤其是侵及颈内动脉等颅内主供血血管的肿瘤治疗一直是神经外科的难题,由于此类肿瘤与重要血管的关系密切,手术风险极大,导致治愈率底下。而颅外内血管搭桥技术通过重建颅内血运,可以有效提升此类肿瘤的全切率。本文回顾了高流量颅外内血管搭桥技术的历史进展、探讨了颅外内血管搭桥技术辅助切除颅底肿瘤的意义所在,复习文献归纳了该技术应用的适应症、术中注意事项及其疗效与争议,旨在为其临床推广应用提供更多的参考依据。熟练及合理地应用颅外内血管搭桥技术,制定个体化的治疗方案,复杂颅底肿瘤的治愈率将会得到进一步提升。 相似文献
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本文对南京直立人1号头骨与印尼Sangiran17头骨和周口店11号头骨作面颅形态上的比较。结果表明,南京1号头骨的面颅与周口店11号头骨的有许多共同的形态:较小的面颅尺寸、眶下区呈扁平状、较扁平的上部颜面、眶上圆枕较纤细、中眶型的眼眶、发育有颧切迹、上颌骨颧突基部位置较高等。南京1号头骨的面颅在另外一些方面显示出与Sangiran17头骨的形态上相近:阔上面型的面型、眶上圆枕内侧部比外侧部稍靠前、眶上圆枕下缘略呈平直状、鼻梁发育有中矢锐嵴、鼻梁横向呈峰状拱起、颧骨下缘外展、颧结节相对位置稍偏外侧、颧骨较高等。南京直立人面颅兼具周口店直立人11号头骨的和印尼直立人Sangiran17头骨的形态。从南京直立人的面颅形态可以推测我国南方的与北方的直立人群之间在体质形态上已经出现一定程度的地理变异。南京1号头骨面颅上的某些形态特征,如颧骨下缘外展等,可能反映了特征的梯度变异现象。这些特征的梯度变异的成因目前还很难确定。 相似文献
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经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种能够在脑中感应聚焦电流,瞬间调制大脑皮质的无创方法,在临床研究、基础神经学和诊治疾病等方面有许多应用。通过记录运动皮质诱发电位（MEPs),TMS已经或将成为探测脑下运动路径传导、评价皮质兴奋性、皮质映射和研究皮质塑性的常规工具。TMS能够主动干预脑功能,这种特性使它成为研究正常人脑－行为关系的独特技术,可以建立脑活动与任务完成之间的因果关系,探索脑功能连接。近年来的许多实验又表明,TMS在运动紊乱和精神疾病方面有潜在的治疗作用,但达到临床应用还有一定距离。 相似文献
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菲氏叶猴与黑叶猴面颅形态的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文对16个菲氏叶猴(Presbytis phayrei)和8个黑叶猴(P.francoisi)的成年头骨作了比较研究。经45项定性和定量的差异性分析表明,在种间22项达到显著或非常显著差异;菲氏叶猴为低颅型,而黑叶猴为正颅型;菲氏叶猴面颅比黑叶猴更凸出,枕骨大孔比黑叶猴更向嘴侧;黑叶猴比菲氏叶猴有更发育的视力;在犬齿与颅长的相关性中,黑叶猴比菲氏叶猴显示了更强的相关性。 相似文献
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LI Yu-ling; JI Cheng-ye; LIU Yan; DING Yi; LUAN Tian-shu; ZHAO Man; ZHENG Yu-na 《人类学学报》2013,32(01):93
The purpose of this paper is to analyze genetic and environmental influences on craniofacial development of 16 anthropometric items of school-age children in China of 369 twin pairs including 180 monozygotic (MZ),141 like-sex and 48 opposite-sex dizygotic (DZ) aged 7 to 12 years enrolled in schools in Hohhot and Baotou. Anthropometric items were measured using the standard methods of measurement. Quantitative genetic model fitting and estimates of variance components were done with Mx,a structural equation modeling package designed for the analysis of twin and family data. After adjusting for age,the results were as follows. In cephalic measurements,head circumference had a higher heritability (male 66%,female 66%). Higher heritability of facial measurements was physiognomic facial height (male 73%,female 84%),nose breadth (male 57%,female 67%),interocular breadth ( male 57%,female 50%) and minimum frontal breadth (male 50%,female 50%). Gender effect existed in heritabilities of head length (male 64%,female 25%),head breadth (male 26%,female 82%),external binocular breadth (male 76%,female 34%) and physiognomic ear length (male 23%,female 70%). In conclusion,craniofacial development of school-age twins were influenced by genetic and environmental factors in which male and female’s head circumference and physiognomic facial height,male’s head length and external binocular breadth,female’s face breadth,nose breadth,mouth ?breadth ?and? physiognomic ?ear ?length ?were ?influenced ?primarly? by? genetic? factors. 相似文献
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为探讨遗传与环境因素对学龄双生子儿童头面部特征的影响, 对呼和浩特市和包头市7-12岁369对双生子儿童(同卵180对, 同性别异卵141对, 异性别异卵48对)的16项头面部指标进行活体测量。采用通径分析方法, 用Mx软件拟合最佳结构方程模型, 计算各指标遗传与环境方差组分, 分析年龄、性别的作用。结果发现, 校正年龄后, 头部指标中头围的遗传度(男66%, 女66%)较高; 面部指标中, 容貌面高的遗传度(男73%, 女84%)最高, 其次为鼻宽(男57%, 女67%)、眼内角间宽(男57%, 女50%)和额最小宽(男50%, 女50%); 头长(男64%, 女25%)、头宽(男26%, 女82%)、眼外角间宽(男76%, 女34%)和容貌耳长(男23%, 女70%)的遗传度存在一定的性别差异。表明遗传因素与环境因素对学龄双生子儿童的头面部发育均有一定影响, 其中遗传因素对男女头围及容貌面高、男性头长和眼外角间宽、女性头宽、鼻宽、口宽、容貌耳长的影响相对较大。 相似文献
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Peng Yanzhang;Pan Ruliang;Ye Zhizhang;Wang Hong 《人类学学报》1991,10(04):346
In order to study the differentiation of Asian colobines, fourteen variables measured oncranioface and brain case of 123 skulls, including Rhinopithecus, Presbytis, Presbytiscus, Pyga-thrix, and Nasalis, were dealt with by one-way, cluster and discriminant analyses. Informationof the paleoenvironment changes in China and southern East Asian since the late Tertiary wasused to examine the influences for migratory way and distribution range in Asian colobines.The cladogram among different genera of Asian colobines was made from the results of var-ious analyses. It was suggested that some new points or revisions should be made as follows:<br>1. Following the second migratory way, ancient species of Asian colobines perhaps pass-ed through Xizang along the northern bank of Tethys sea and Heng-Duan Shan regions,Yunnan. Because ancient continent connected Yunnan and Xizang had already located in eastbank of Tethys sea. the evolution of Asian colobines could have existed in two original centers,i.e. Sundaland and Heng-Duan Shan regions of China.<br>2. Pygathrix possesses a lot of similarities with Presbytiscus, but it is less correlated withRhinopithecus.1f the revision comnbined Pygathrix with other two genera shown byGroves(1970)is correct, only Pygathrix and Presbytiscus can be put together.<br>3. Nasalis(2n=48) may be the most primitive genus in Asian colobines. Some featureswere shared with Rhinopithecus, for example, body size, terrestrial activities and limb pro-portion etc., were considered as common inheritance of symplesiomor phous characters.<br>4. Rhinopithecus, without reference to cranioface and brain case or the origin, is the mostspecial genus in Asian colobines. It may represent the highestlevel of evolutionary positionamong various genera in Asian colobines (Peng et al., 1985). 相似文献
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摘要 目的：探讨负压引流技术结合腓肠神经营养皮瓣在跟骨骨折钢板内固定术后皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析我院骨科2012年5月-2020年5月共31例跟骨骨折术后钢板外露,皮肤软组织缺损住院病人。纳入患者均使用负压引流技术结合腓肠神经营养皮瓣修复技术。创面给予彻底清创后行封闭负压吸引引流术,待创面新鲜后以腓肠神经营养皮瓣修复创面。对术后皮瓣成活情况;Maryland功能评分以及BMRC感觉功能评分进行综合评估。结果：术后2周时,28例皮瓣顺利成活,供区与受区伤口愈合良好,干燥、无渗出。3例术后出现皮瓣肿胀,皮瓣颜色发暗,伤口渗出较多,皮瓣边缘坏死,窦道形成等,给予切开引流、加强换药、敏感抗生素控制感染等治疗后,皮瓣成活。术后随访6-24个月皮瓣外观及功能恢复良好,无创面再坏死,裂开,感染等情况出现。其中2例再次入院行皮瓣整形术。术后6个月时,Maryland功能评分：优：17例;良：11例;优良率为：90.3%。BMRC感觉功能评分：S3-S4：20例;S2：8例;S1：3例。结论：腓肠神经营养皮瓣联合封闭负压吸引技术在跟骨骨折钢板内固定术后皮肤软组织缺损的治疗中能够缩短治疗时间,操作简单,疗效确切,可获得良好的修复效果。 相似文献
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Joanna Szkandera Gudrun Absenger Bernadette Liegl-Atzwanger Martin Pichler Michael Stotz Stefan Gerger Maximilian Zacherl Wilfried Renner Miao Haijun Andreas Leithner Armin Gerger 《Cancer epidemiology》2013,37(6):1003-1009
BackgroundDNA repair mechanisms play a major role in cancer risk and progression. Germline variants in DNA repair genes may result in altered gene function and/or activity, thereby causing inter-individual differences in a patient's tumor recurrence capacity. In genes of the DNA repair pathway the gene variants RAD51 rs1801320 G > C, XRCC2 rs3218536 G > A and XPD rs13181 A > C have been previously related to genetic predisposition and prognosis of various cancer entities. In this study we investigated the association between these polymorphisms and time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients after curative surgery.MethodsTwo hundred sixty STS patients were included in this retrospective study. Germline DNA was genotyped by 5′-exonuclease (TaqMan) technology. Kaplan Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional models were calculated for TTR and OS.ResultsA statistically significant association was observed between tumor grade and adjuvant radiotherapy and TTR and between tumor grade and OS. No association was found between RAD51 rs1801320 G > C, XRCC2 rs3218536 G > A and XPD rs13181 A > C and TTR and OS in univariate and multivariate analysis.ConclusionOur results underline a prognostic effect of tumor grade and adjuvant radiotherapy in STS patients but indicate no association between RAD51 rs1801320 G > C, XRCC2 rs3218536 G > A and XPD rs13181 A > C and clinical outcome in STS patients after curative surgery. 相似文献
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Kinematic models of lower limb joints have several potential applications in musculoskeletal modelling of the locomotion apparatus, including the reproduction of the natural joint motion. These models have recently revealed their value also for in vivo motion analysis experiments, where the soft-tissue artefact is a critical known problem. This arises at the interface between the skin markers and the underlying bone, and can be reduced by defining multibody kinematic models of the lower limb and by running optimization processes aimed at obtaining estimates of position and orientation of relevant bones. With respect to standard methods based on the separate optimization of each single body segment, this technique makes it also possible to respect joint kinematic constraints. Whereas the hip joint is traditionally assumed as a 3 degrees of freedom ball and socket articulation, many previous studies have proposed a number of different kinematic models for the knee and ankle joints. Some of these are rigid, while others have compliant elements. Some models have clear anatomical correspondences and include real joint constraints; other models are more kinematically oriented, these being mainly aimed at reproducing joint kinematics. This paper provides a critical review of the kinematic models reported in literature for the major lower limb joints and used for the reduction of soft-tissue artefact. Advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed, considering their anatomical significance, accuracy of predictions, computational costs, feasibility of personalization, and other features. Their use in the optimization process is also addressed, both in normal and pathological subjects. 相似文献
