耗散腔中两二能级原子态的自旋压缩量子Fisher信息和最大自旋涨落

在能量耗散腔中,原子用泡利算符描述,光场用相干态描述,运用密度矩阵理论,得到了两二能级原子密度矩阵元的演化规律,分析了与单模辐射场作用过程中原子态的自旋压缩、量子Fisher信息和最大自旋涨落.结果表明:自旋压缩,大于1/2的最大自旋涨落可以作为量子纠缠的充分必要判据.自旋压缩,大于1/2的最大自旋涨落和量子纠缠,它们互相等价.大于1的Fisher信息与它们之间没有等价关系,但可以作为自旋压缩和量子纠缠的充分判据.     

光与物质相互作用系统中的量子Fisher信息和自旋压缩

Fisher信息是估计理论中的重要概念,最近发现与量子信息中的纠缠判据具有密切联系.非旋波近似条件下,Dicke模型经典相空间表现为混沌动力学特征.本文详细考察了Dicke模型描述的光与物质相互作用系统中量子Fisher信息和自旋压缩动力学特性.结果表明:在短时瞬态情况下,无论初态处于规则区域还是混沌区域系统均表现为纠缠性质;但在长时稳态情况下,初态处于规则区域时系统纠缠消失,而初态处于混沌区域时系统则一直存在纠缠.通过与系统自旋压缩动力学性质相比较,发现量子Fisher信息可以更有效地刻画量子混沌.进一步考察初态处于规则和混沌区域时系统密度矩阵和纯度的动力学演化特性,发现混沌导致系统退相干现象发生,说明量子Fisher信息对混沌更敏感.     

基于量子Fisher信息的纠缠判据

对于几类常见的量子态,对自旋压缩和量子Fisher信息进行了比较研究.得到量子Fisher信息的表达式,以Fisher信息为基础,给出了量子纠缠的判据,结果表明;比较于自旋压缩,该判据有明显的优势.(1).对于两个Qubit的对称态,该判据与自旋压缩,concurrence完全等价;(2).对于两个Qubit的非对称态的纠缠,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但对于部分态,该判据也能检验;(3).对于Dicke态,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但该判据能检验且完全等价于concurrence.     

基于量子费希尔信息的纠缠判据

对于几类常见的量子态, 对自旋压缩和量子Fisher信息进行了比较研究.得到量子Fisher信息的表达式,以Fisher信息为基础,给出了量子纠缠的判据,结果表明:比较于自旋压缩,该判据有明显的优势.(1).对于两个Qubit的对称态,该判据与自旋压缩,concurrence完全等价;(2).对于两个Qubit的非对称态的纠缠,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但对于部分态,该判据也能检验;(3).对于Dicke态, 自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但该判据能检验且完全等价于concurrence.     

基于量子费希尔信息的纠缠判据

对于几类常见的量子态, 对自旋压缩和量子Fisher信息进行了比较研究.得到量子Fisher信息的表达式,以Fisher信息为基础,给出了量子纠缠的判据,结果表明:比较于自旋压缩,该判据有明显的优势.(1).对于两个Qubit的对称态,该判据与自旋压缩,concurrence完全等价;(2).对于两个Qubit的非对称态的纠缠,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但对于部分态,该判据也能检验;(3).对于Dicke态, 自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但该判据能检验且完全等价于concurrence.     

平面自旋压缩态的产生与原子干涉的机理

在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中实现自旋压缩和量子纠缠, 对于提高原子干涉测量相位灵敏度和原子钟精度有着非常重要的意义. 基于一种新的平面自旋分量的不确定性关系, 介绍了如何利用两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统中原子间相互作用提供的非线性效应和原子内部能级间线性耦合, 实现量子平面自旋压缩(挤压)和模式纠缠. 描述了一项关于平面压缩态的理论工作, 该工作利用哈密顿量的精确对角化求解系统基态, 优化非线性作用和线性耦合强度比值, 使得包含平均自旋方向在内的两个正交自旋分量的不确定度同时压缩, 因此在平面上所有相位角度的涨落都受到压制, 而在与该平面垂直的第三个自旋分量方向反压缩. 利用传统自旋压缩判定纠缠, 只能判断多个不可分辨的原子处于纠缠态, 而平面自旋压缩可以检测两个可区分模式(比如, 原子内态)间的纠缠, 从而在不同模式间进行量子信息处理. 同时, 为实现超越标准量子极限的原子干涉相位精密测量, 传统方式是利用单个自旋分量压缩, 但需要对待测相位角度有很好的估计, 或者可以进行多次测量以逐渐逼近可获得的最大压缩极限, 这就要求量子态可以被精确的重复制备. 而利用平面自旋压缩, 对任意未知相位角度只需要测量两个垂直自旋分量就可以实现高的相位测量灵敏度.     

三量子位和四量子位Heisenberg XY链中的纠缠与自旋压缩(英文)

研究了三量子位和四量子位Heisenberg XY链中的基态纠缠与自旋压缩,给出了纠缠C和自旋压缩参数ξ2的解析表达式.结果表明,当外部磁场B大于某一临界值Bc时,纠缠与自旋压缩等价,即纠缠意味着自旋压缩,反之亦然.对三量子位情形,Bc=J[(4-3γ2)1/2-1];对四量子位情形,Bc可以通过数值方法进行求解.     

量子混沌系统中的自旋压缩性质

量子信息是21世纪的一门新兴交叉学科,现已经成为世界关注的热门研究领域.近年来,量子计算机的研究正成为大家十分感兴趣的课题.在寻找量子计算的实现方案过程中,量子混沌引起了研究人员的极大关注,因为在量子计算机执行一些量子运算法则的过程中可能产生量子混沌,并可能破坏量子计算机的运算操作条件.近期有关量子纠缠与量子混沌之间的关系已经有所报道,而自旋压缩作为另外一种典型的纯量子效应,是否也与量子混沌之间存在一定关系呢?讨论了量子混沌研究中一个非常典型的QKT模型,研究了量子混沌系统中自旋压缩的性质.通过数值模拟计算,给出了两种不同定义的自旋压缩系数与混沌系数κ之间的变化关系,结果发现在经典相空间中,如果在规则区域占优势的情况下,当初始自旋相干态波包位于椭圆形中心时,随着时间的演化,系统压缩行为表现得非常强;而对于经典相空间中混沌区域占优势的情况下,初始自旋相干态波包同样位于椭圆形中心,则系统的压缩行为表现得非常弱,说明自旋压缩对相应的经典混沌非常敏感.通过比较还发现,采用Wineland等定义的自旋压缩系数比采用Kitagawa和Ueda等定义的自旋压缩系数对经典混沌更敏感一些,从而得出用自旋压缩可以刻画量子混沌的结论.     

量子自旋液体候选材料的缪子自旋弛豫研究

量子自旋液体是一种新奇的磁性物态。由于极强的量子涨落,直至零温都不会出现长程序。量子自旋液体的基态不能用序参量描述,并且缺少对称性破缺,因此该物态的实现打破朗道理论的范式。对于量子自旋液体的研究有助于理解高温超导的机理,并且可以被应用在量子计算和量子信息中。目前,尽管理论上有了长足的发展,但仍旧没有任何一个材料被证实为量子自旋液体。因此,探测和确认一个真正的量子自旋液体材料是当前的研究重点。缪子自旋弛豫是一个对磁场极为敏感的实验技术,被广泛应用于量子自旋液体候选材料的研究中。该技术可以观测基态中是否存在磁有序,测量系统中的涨落频率,这两点都是表征量子自旋液体的重要性质。本文简要介绍了量子自旋液体态和缪子自旋弛豫技术,回顾了近期在不同体系的量子自旋液体候选材料中的实验结果,特别是缪子自旋弛豫的成果。这些体系包括一维反铁磁海森堡链（苯甲酸铜）,三角格子（YbMgGaO4,NaYbO2 和TbInO3）,笼目格[ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2 和 m3Sb3Zn2O14],蜂窝状格子（Na2IrO3 和 α-RuCl3）,以及烧绿石结构（Tb2Ti2O7,Pr2Ir2O7 和Ce2Zr2O7）。     

耗散腔中两二能级原子态的量子信息保真度

在能量耗散腔中,原子用泡利算符描述,光场用相干态描述,运用密度矩阵理论,得到了两二能级原子密度矩阵元的演化规律,针对不同的初态,分析与单模辐射场作用过程中原子态的量子信息保真度.结果表明:当两原子初始处于不同的量子态时,量子信息在传输过程中可能不失真或部分失真,也可能出现周期性演化;在输出态和输入态具有相同的纠缠度时,量子信息可能不失真,也可能完全失真.     

几类相干态的量子保真度

在坐标表象下,研究了几类相干态的量子保真度,对于相干态,我们给出了量子保真度的解析表达式,考查了谐振子特征长度 ,平移距离 对保真度的影响;对于相干态 与 的叠加态,考查了初态量子干涉对量子保真度的影响,结论表明：量子保真度呈周期性;与相干态的量子保真度比较而言,当谐振子处于第二类相干态时,量子干涉能抑制量子态失真,当谐振子处于第三类相干态时,量子干涉能抑制量子态失真,也可能加大量子态失真.     

囚禁离子非线性J-C模型量子态保真度

用全量子理论研究驻波激光场与囚禁离子相互作用系统中量子态保真度,详细讨论离子质心在驻波激光场中位置及离子初始状态对保真度的影响.结果表明:随着囚禁离子从远离驻波激光场波节处向波节处移动,量子态保真度振荡频率越来越高,振荡幅度几乎不变,且保真度到达第一个极小值所用时间越来越短,但不会出现信息完全失真;随着囚禁离子处于基态概率增加,量子态保真度振荡频率几乎不变,振荡幅度越来越小,也不会出现信息完全失真;在信息储存或传递过程中,囚禁离子量子态失真比系统和驻波场量子态失真小.     

Quantum fidelity of Gaussian states in open systems

Using the expression of the fidelity for the most general Gaussian quantum states, the behaviour of the quantum fidelity is described for the states of a harmonic oscillator interacting with an environment, in particular with a thermal bath. By taking a correlated squeezed Gaussian state as initial state, we calculate the quantum fidelity for both kinds of undisplaced and displaced states, and for different values of the squeezing and correlation parameters and of the environment temperature.     

Quantum fidelity for Gaussian states describing the evolution of open systems

Using the expression of the fidelity for the most general Gaussian quantum states, the quantum fidelity is studied for the states of a harmonic oscillator interacting with an environment, in particular with a thermal bath. The time evolution of the considered system is described in the framework of the theory of open systems based on quantum dynamical semigroups. By taking a correlated squeezed Gaussian state as initial state, we calculate the quantum fidelity for both undisplaced and displaced states. The time evolution of the quantum fidelity is analyzed depending on the squeezing and correlation parameters characterizing the initial Gaussian state and on the dissipation constant and temperature of the thermal bath.     

Transition to sub-Planck structures through the superposition of q-oscillator stationary states

We investigate the superposition of four different quantum states based on the q-oscillator. These quantum states are expressed by means of Rogers-Szegö polynomials. We show that such a superposition has the properties of the quantum harmonic oscillator when q→1, and those of a compass state with the appearance of chessboard-type interference patterns when q→0.     

A single-point measurement scheme for quantum work based on the squeezing state

To investigate the role of initial quantum coherence in work-probability distribution, it is necessary to consider an incomplete or partial measurement, in which the energy cannot be fully discriminated by the detector. In this paper, we use a harmonic oscillator with a coherent or squeezing state to realize this incomplete or partial measurement, and propose a unified framework of quantum work statistics for a closed system with an arbitrary initial state. We find that work is proportional to the change of the real part of the coherent state parameter, i.e., quantum work can be estimated by the coherent state parameter. The resulting work-probability distribution includes the initial quantum coherence, and can be reduced to the result of the traditional two projective energy measurement scheme(TPM) by squeezing the state of the harmonic oscillator. Our measurement scheme reveals the fundamental connections between measurement error and coherent work. By introducing a ‘coherent work-to-noise ratio', we find the optimal measurement error, which is determined by the energy difference between the superposed energy levels. As an application, we consider a driven two-level system and investigate the effects of driving velocity on work statistics. We find that only when the driving velocity matches the transition frequency of the system can initial quantum coherence play an important role.     

Quantum Communication in Spin Chain with Multiple Spin Exchange Interaction

The transmission of quantum states in the anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ chain model with three-spin exchange interaction is studied. The average fidelity is used to evaluate the state transfer. It is found that quantum communication can be enhanced by the anisotropic coupling and multiple spin interaction. Such spin model can reduce the time required for the perfect state transmission where the fidelity is unity. The maximally entangled Bell states can be generated and separated from the whole quantum systems.     

Interaction versus dimerization in one-dimensional Fermi systems

In order to study the effect of interaction and lattice distortion on quantum coherence in one-dimensional Fermi systems, we calculate the ground state energy and the phase sensitivity of a ring of interacting spinless fermions on a dimerized lattice. Our numerical DMRG studies, in which we keep up to 1000 states for systems of about 100 sites, are supplemented by analytical considerations using bosonization techniques. We find a delocalized phase for an attractive interaction, which differs from that obtained for random lattice distortions. The extension of this delocalized phase depends strongly on the dimerization induced modification of the interaction. Taking into account the harmonic lattice energy, we find a dimerized ground state for a repulsive interaction only. The dimerization is suppressed at half filling, when the correlation gap becomes large. Received: 11 February 1998 / Revised: 1st April 1998 / Accepted: 30 April 1998     

Enhancement of feasibility of macroscopic quantum superposition state with the quantum Rabi-Stark model

We propose an efficient scheme to generate a macroscopical quantum superposition state with a cavity optomechanical system, which is composed of a quantum Rabi-Stark model coupling to a mechanical oscillator. In a low-energy subspace of the Rabi-Stark model, the dressed states and then the effective Hamiltonian of the system are given. Due to the coupling of the mechanical oscillator and the atom-cavity system, if the initial state of the atom-cavity system is one of the dressed states, the mechanical oscillator will evolve into a corresponding coherent state. Thus, if the initial state of the atom-cavity system is a superposition of two dressed states, a coherent state superposition of the mechanical oscillator can be generated. The quantum coherence and their distinguishable properties of the two coherent states are exhibited by Wigner distribution. We show that the Stark term can enhance significantly the feasibility and quantum coherence of the generated macroscopic quantum superposition state of the oscillator.