NP基因特异性干扰RNA抑制H5N1高致病性禽流感病毒复制的研究

目的设计针对H5N1高致病性禽流感病毒（HPAIV）核蛋白（NP）基因的干扰RNA（siRNA）,研究其在细胞水平抑制病毒复制的效果。方法根据siRNA设计原则,设计并合成3对靶向HPAIV NP基因的siRNA,构建表达性质粒（ps-NP732、ps-NP863、ps-NP1344）,分别转染MDCK细胞并攻毒,通过病毒滴度测定r、eal-time PCR、间接免疫荧光试验和Western blot,检测siRNA抑制AIV复制的效果。结果设计的3对siRNA中,ps-NP863明显抑制AIV复制,病毒滴度与对照组相比降低31倍,real-time PCR、间接免疫荧光试验、Western blot结果与病毒滴度测定结果相符,而ps-NP732和ps-NP1344无抑制AIV复制作用。结论构建的ps-NP863可显著抑制HPAIV复制,为开发抗AIV治疗制剂和动物机体抗AIV研究奠定了基础。     

ANXA2敲除的A549细胞系的构建及其对H1N1和H9N2流感病毒复制的影响北大核心CSCD

目的旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建ANXA2敲除的A549细胞,并探索ANXA2敲除对流感病毒复制的影响。方法本研究设计了3对靶向ANXA2基因外显子的特异性sgRNAs,分别将sgRNAs构建到LentiCRISPRv2载体上获得重组质粒,与辅助质粒共转染293T细胞包装成慢病毒后感染A549细胞,通过嘌呤霉素压力及有限稀释法筛选ANXA2基因敲除的单克隆细胞株,用靶基因测序及Western-blot验证ANXA2的敲除效果,并通过CCK-8试验比较ANXA2敲除细胞和野生型A549细胞的细胞活力。再分别用人流感病毒WSN(H1N1)和禽流感病毒SD98(H9N2)感染ANXA2敲除和野生型A549细胞,经TCID_(50)检测ANXA2敲除对流感病毒复制的影响。结果成功获得了ANXA2敲除的A549细胞系,且与野生型A549细胞相比,细胞活力无显著差异;ANXA2敲除后WSN(H1N1)和SD98(H9N2)流感病毒的病毒滴度均升高,其中ANXA2对SD98(H9N2)流感病毒的影响要大于WSN(H1N1)。结论本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建了ANXA2敲除的A549细胞,并发现ANXA2敲除促进了流感病毒的复制,本研究为流感病毒复制和致病机制的研究奠定了基础。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒长春株的分离鉴定及其分子进化分析

目的分离目前流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒,对其进行基因序列测定和遗传变异分析,为研究病毒进化、致病性、流行规律及防治提供科学依据。方法采用MDCK细胞、SPF鸡胚和RT-PCR方法对甲型H1N1流感病毒进行分离、鉴定,并进行核苷酸序列测定和分子进化分析。结果从疑似甲型H1N1流感临床标本中分离得到1株甲型H1N1流感病毒,命名为长春株(A/Changchun/01/2009(H1N1)),基因序列及分子进化分析显示该毒株与2009年大流行的甲型H1N1毒株高度同源,属于流行分支2。相对流行分支1(北美流行株A/California/07/2009(H1N1)),PB2、HA、NA分别出现2个、7个和4个氨基酸的差异。结论甲型H1N1流感病毒长春株与2009年大流行的甲型H1N1毒株高度同源,属于流行分支2,与流行分支1相比存在变异。     

我国鸡源与人源H9N2亚型流感病毒聚合酶PB1基因的关系分析

目的　通过对 1996～ 2 0 0 1年自我国部分养鸡场分离鉴定的 8株H9N2亚型鸡流感病毒聚合酶PB1基因测序 ,了解鸡源与人源H9N2亚型流感病毒聚合酶PB1基因的关系。方法　病毒在鸡胚中传代 ,自收获的尿囊液提取RNA ,通过RT-PCR ,扩增聚合酶PB1基因片段 ,并进行序列测定 ,测序结果采用PHYLIP软件在Internet网上分析处理 ,并用TreeView软件绘制系统进化树。结果　 8株H9N2亚型鸡流感病毒聚合酶PB1基因的核苷酸同源性为 97 4 %～ 99 7% ,与三株人源H9N2病毒A/Guangzhou/ 333/ 99、A/HongKong/ 10 73/ 99、A/HongKong/ 10 74 / 99的同源性分别为 90 6 %～ 91 9%、90 4 %～91 5 %、90 2 %～ 91 3%。该 8株鸡源H9N2病毒PB1基因属于相同的进化分支 ,即A/duck/HongKong/Y2 80 / 97-like分支 ,而与该 3株人源株H9N2病毒属于不同的进化分支 ;尚未发现PB1基因属于A/ quail/HongKong/G1/ 97或A/duck/Hong/Y4 39/ 97分支的鸡源分离株。结论　在我国养鸡业流行的H9N2病毒分离株与目前已分离的人源株H9N2病毒其PB1基因属于不同的进化亚分支 ,人源株H9N2病毒PB1基因不是来源于鸡源H9N2病毒。     

H1N1嵌合冷适应疫苗株的构建及其生物学特性分析与鉴定

目的 应用反向遗传技术构建以B型流感病毒冷适应株为骨架表达季节性流感病毒H1N1 HA蛋白的嵌合疫苗株。方法 将B型流感病毒冷适应株B/Vienna/1/99的HA片段胞外区替换为H1N1(A/Victoria/2570/2019)的HA蛋白,将重组质粒与骨架株的其余7个质粒共转染293T细胞,拯救H1N1嵌合疫苗株。对重组病毒株进行血凝鉴定、RT-PCR鉴定、电镜鉴定、一步生长曲线绘制以及小鼠安全性评价。结果 成功拯救出H1N1嵌合流感病毒株,命名为rA/B-H1-Vic。经测序鉴定其序列与预期一致,并且在电镜下观察到流感病毒粒子的典型特征。H1N1嵌合流感病毒株血凝效价最高达2⁵,在MDCK细胞上的病毒滴度为10^4.5 TCID₅₀/mL,在鸡胚中的病毒滴度为10^8.36EID₅₀/mL。分别以10⁶ EID₅₀和10⁵ EID₅₀剂量鼻腔接种小鼠,其体重与对照组相比无明显下降,小鼠存活...     

福建省甲型H1N1流感病毒分离及首例分离株全基因组序列分析

目的分离甲型HIN1流感病毒,分析福建省首例病毒分离株全基因组序列和遗传特征,为研究病毒进化、致病性、流行规律提供科学依据。方法采用MDCK细胞和Real—time PCR法进行病毒分离、鉴定;提取病毒RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增其8个基因片段,测定核苷酸序列,利用生物信息软件拼接全基因组序列;分析重要基因位点,利用GENBANK中相关序列对首例病毒分离株A／Fujian／01／2009（H1N1）进行基因进化树分析。结果从82例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例标本中分离出50株甲型H1N1流感病毒,第一代分离阳性率60．98％。在福建省首次获得甲型H1N1流感病毒株及全基因组序列。基因组序列分析证明：该毒株与2009年大流行株高度同源,其基因组存在四源重组现象;氨基酸位点分析其对达菲药物敏感,对金刚烷胺类药物耐药;相对于猪流感代表株A／Swine／Iowa／15／1930（HIN1）存在6个HA抗原决定簇位点变异。结论MD—CK细胞对甲型H1N1流感病毒具有较高敏感性;福建省首例甲型H1N1流感病例分离病毒株与北美流行株高度同源;相对于以往古典型猪流感代表株出现了HA蛋白抗原性漂移;为今后进一步开展甲型H1N1流感病毒分子生物学研究奠定基础。     

靶向核壳蛋白基因的siRNA对流感病毒的预防和治疗作用

目的探讨靶向核壳蛋白(nucleoprotein, NP)的siRNA对甲型流感病毒(influenza virus A, IAV)的预防及治疗作用。 方法在对IAV测序的基础上设计对NP保守区特异的小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA, siRNA),并观察在犬肾细胞(Madin-Darby canine kidney, MDCK)中先转染了siRNA然后以IAV感染,或先以IAV感染,然后转染siRNA时MDCK细胞中IAV载量的变化。 结果1．转染了siRNA的MDCK细胞再进行IAV感染,不同剂量siRNA组均较转染剂对照组IVA病毒载量显著降低(20 pmol siRNA组,P<0.05;40 pmol siRNA组,P<0.05;80 pmol siRNA组,P<0.01);2.当细胞在转染siRNA之前感染IAV,siRNA组的病毒载量显著低于对照组(P<0.01),也低于转染试剂组(P<0.05);3.免疫细胞化学结果显示：无论MDCK细胞预先转染siRNA还是感染了IVA后再进行siRNA转染,siRNA组的NP蛋白表达均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。 结论靶向NP的siRNA通过干扰IVA的NP蛋白合成,从而对IVA的生长产生抑制作用;无论MDCK细胞感染IVA前后应用靶向NP的siRNA转染均可以降低IVA的产生,说明靶向NP的siRNA对于IVA感染具有预防及治疗作用。     

广西猪源A(2009/H1N1)流感病毒的进化分析及其致病性研究

目的对一株分离自广西兴安的猪源A(2009/H1N1)流感病毒进行遗传演化分析及致病性研究,为流感疫情防控提供科学依据。方法通过SPF鸡胚进行流感病毒分离,对8个基因进行RT-PCR扩增、测序及进化分析;以6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠为感染模型进行病毒滴定,分析临床数据评估病毒致病性。结果分离的甲型H1N1病毒株A/swine/Guangxi/18/2013(H1N1)HA、NS和NP基因属于古典型H1N1,NA和M基因源于类禽型H1N1,PA和PB2基因归属禽源,PB1基因来自人源H3N2。HA裂解位点序列为PSIQSR↓GLF,具有低致病性特征。以50μl 10~6 TCID_(50)感染小鼠后其体重发生明显变化,最高体重平均变化率为86.98%,死亡率为12.5%;感染第3 d测定肺、鼻甲病毒滴度(Log_(10) TCID_(50)/ml)分别为5.25±0.28和3.89±0.47。结论 A/swine/Guangxi/18/2013(H1N1)为2009/H1N1流感病毒,能感染小鼠而造成体重下降并产生明显的临床症状。该病毒能在小鼠肺与鼻甲中进行复制,具有低致病性特征。     

2017-2019年呼和浩特市甲型A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒基因特征分析

目的 了解呼和浩特市甲型A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒遗传进化特征及抗原位点、糖基化位点和耐药位点的变异情况,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法 采集2017-2019年呼和浩特市3家哨点医院的流感样病例(ILI)咽拭子标本进行核酸检测,阳性样本通过MDCK细胞和鸡胚进行病毒分离。随机抽取15株甲型A(H1N1)pdm09流感毒株进行基因测序分析。采用MEGA7.0.14软件、DNASTAR7.0.1软件和NetNGlyc1.0软件进行基因进化树分析、核苷酸同源性分析和糖基化位点分析。结果 呼和浩特市2017-2019年15株甲型A(H1N1)pdm09分离株与疫苗株A/Brisbane/02/2018和A/Michigan/45/2015共同属于6B.1分支。各年度分离株与疫苗株A/Brisbane/02/2018的组间遗传距离分别为0.004、0.011和0.013。相较于疫苗株A/California/07/2009和A/Michigan/45/2015,2017年起甲型A(H1N1)pdm09病毒抗原位点变异较大,但与疫苗株A/Brisbane/02/2018相比并未发生抗原漂移现...     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素基因变异状况及序列分析

目的 了解2009年度甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)病毒的检测情况和血凝素(HA)基因变异情况.方法 选择国家级流感监测哨点医院以及暴发疫情的疫点,采集流感样病例的鼻咽拭子标本,通过实时(RT)-PCR进行病毒分型及甲型H1N1流感病毒检测,对阳性标本采用狗肾细胞(MDCK)进行病原分离,采用红细胞凝集试验测定病毒效价,用血凝抑制实验进行型别鉴定,通过RT-PCR扩增毒株HA1片段的基因并进行序列测定,利用生物信息学技术进行序列分析.结果 共检测咽拭子样本996份,其中核酸检测阳性病例包括甲型H1N1 337份,季节性H1N1亚型1份,季节性H3N2亚型67份,B型12份,流感核酸检测阳性率为41.87％,其中甲型流感核酸检测阳性率为33.84％.分离出甲型H1N1病毒36株,选择18株.测序成功的10株甲型H1N1流感病毒在多个氨基酸位点发生变异,与疫苗株A/California/07/2009(H1N1)比较,有6个位点发生突变,其中1个位点位于抗原决定簇的B区.结论 2009年度分离到的流感病毒株中以甲型H1N1为绝对的优势毒株,毒株的血凝素基因与世界卫生组织(WHO)提供的疫苗株相比有变异,与疫苗株相比,抗原决定簇B区有改变,但关键位点第222位没有变化.     

Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands

Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.     

CYP1A1 , GSTM1 , GSTT1 and NQO1 polymorphisms and colorectal adenomas in Japanese men

AIM: To investigate the role of functional genetic poly-morphisms of metabolic enzymes of tobacco carcinogens in the development of colorectal adenomas. METHODS: The study subjects were 455 patients with colorectal adenomas and 1052 controls with no polyps who underwent total colonoscopy in a preretirement health examination at two Self Defense Forces hospitals. The genetic polymorphisms studied wereCYP1A1*2A (rs 4646903), CYP1A1*2C (rs 1048943), GSTM1 (null or non-null genotype), GSTT1 (null or non-null genotype) and NQO1 C609T (rs 1800566). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or PCR method using genomic DNA extracted from the buffy coat. Cigarette smoking and other life-style factors were ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. The associations of the polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas were examined by means of OR and 95%CI, which were derived from logistic regression analysis. Statistical adjustment was made for smoking, alcohol use, body mass index and other factors. The gene-gene interaction and effect modification of smoking were evaluated by the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: None of the five polymorphisms showed a significant association with colorectal adenomas, nor was the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 . A borderline significant interaction was observed for the combination of CYP1A1*2C and NQO1 (P = 0.051). The OR associated with CYP1A1*2C was significantly lower than unity among individuals with the NQO1 609CC genotype. The adjusted OR for the combination of the CYP1A1*2C allele and NQO1 609CC genotype was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.42-0.91). Although the interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.24), the OR for individuals carrying the CYP1A1*2C allele and GSTT1 null genotype decreased significantly compared with those who had neither CYP1A1*2C allele nor GSTT1 null genotype (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.97). Smoking did not modify the associations of the individual polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas. There w     

Inhibition of procarcinogen-bioactivating human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes by melatonin

Abstract:  Administration of melatonin to rodents decreases the incidence of tumorigenesis initiated by benzo[ a ]pyrene or 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene, which requires bioactivation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, to produce carcinogenic metabolites. The present study tested the hypothesis that melatonin is a modulator of human CYP1 catalytic activity and gene expression. As a comparison, we also investigated the effect of melatonin on the catalytic activity of CYP2A6, which is also a procarcinogen-bioactivating enzyme. Melatonin (3–300 μ m ) decreased 7-ethoxyresorufin O -dealkylation catalyzed by human hepatic microsomes and recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, whereas it did not affect coumarin 7-hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes or recombinant CYP2A6. Melatonin inhibited CYP1 enzymes by mixed inhibition, with apparent K _i values (mean ± S.E.M.) of 59 ± 1 (CYP1A1), 12 ± 1 (CYP1A2), 14 ± 2 (CYP1B1) and 46 ± 8 μ m (hepatic microsomes). Additional experiments indicated that melatonin decreased benzo[ a ]pyrene hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes and CYP1A2 but not by CYP1A1 or CYP1B1. Treatment of MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells with melatonin (up to 300 μ m ) did not affect basal or benzo[ a ]pyrene-inducible CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 gene expression. Consistent with this finding, melatonin did not influence reporter activity in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pGudluc6.1-transfected MCF-10A cells treated with or without benzo[ a ]pyrene, as assessed in an in vitro cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay. Overall, melatonin is an in vitro inhibitor of human CYP1 catalytic activity, and it may be useful to develop potent analogues of melatonin as potential cancer chemopreventive agents that block CYP1-mediated chemical carcinogenesis.     

The target of ezetimibe is Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1)

Ezetimibe is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol absorption that has been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but its molecular target has been elusive. Using a genetic approach, we recently identified Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) as a critical mediator of cholesterol absorption and an essential component of the ezetimibe-sensitive pathway. To determine whether NPC1L1 is the direct molecular target of ezetimibe, we have developed a binding assay and shown that labeled ezetimibe glucuronide binds specifically to a single site in brush border membranes and to human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing NPC1L1. Moreover, the binding affinities of ezetimibe and several key analogs to recombinant NPC1L1 are virtually identical to those observed for native enterocyte membranes. KD values of ezetimibe glucuronide for mouse, rat, rhesus monkey, and human NPC1L1 are 12,000, 540, 40, and 220 nM, respectively. Last, ezetimibe no longer binds to membranes from NPC1L1 knockout mice. These results unequivocally establish NPC1L1 as the direct target of ezetimibe and should facilitate efforts to identify the molecular mechanism of cholesterol transport.     

Interleukin 1 (IL 1)

Interleukin 1 is an essential factor of macrophage dependent T cell activation and has a large quantity of other biological activities. This paper gives a review of present knowledge of Interleukin 1. In addition to biochemical properties, the IL 1 production and IL 1 activities, methods for determining of IL 1 and inhibitory factors of IL 1 induced T cell proliferation are described.     

Pandemic H1N1 influenza

The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus that has targeted not only those with chronic medical illness, the very young and old, but also a large segment of the patient population that has previously been afforded relative protection - those who are young, generally healthy, and immune naive. The illness is mild in most, but results in hospitalization and severe ARDS in an important minority. Among those who become critically ill, 20-40% will die, predominantly of severe hypoxic respiratory failure. However, and potentially in part due to the young age of those affected, intensive care with aggressive oxygenation support will allow most people to recover. The volume of patients infected and with critical illness placed substantial strain on the capacity of the health care system and critical care most specifically. Despite this, the 2009 pandemic has engaged our specialty and highlighted its importance like no other. Thus far, the national and global critical care response has been brisk, collaborative and helpful - not only for this pandemic, but for subsequent challenges in years ahead.     

1-Naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine as metabolites of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.