水中爆炸冲击波载荷作用下舰船结构动态响应的数值模拟

采用大型通用有限元软件MSC.DYTRAN,对某型水面舰船全船结构在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应进行了数值模拟。分别从结构的变形损伤形式、能量吸收和冲击环境等几个方面研究了舰船结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的破坏机理和响应特征。     

预制孔靶板在爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应

对四边固定带预制孔靶板在爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应问题进行了实验研究。通过设计爆炸冲击波载荷对2种材料不同孔数、不同孔径的靶板的冲击工况,获得了各靶板的中心点挠度。通过分析,得到了预制孔靶板中心点挠度与预制孔数、孔径的相关规律,结合无孔平板在爆炸冲击波载荷下的挠度公式,建立了广义的靶板中心点挠度公式,可用于计算不同孔靶板的中心点挠度。研究结果可作为平板材料在破片冲击波联合毁伤研究的基础,为杀爆战斗部威力评估提供一些依据。     

在球面散心冲击波作用下JB-9014炸药冲击引爆过程实验研究

采用双灵敏度VISAR对JB-9014炸药在20 GPa的球面散心冲击波作用下冲击引爆过程开展了实验研究。测得的不同厚度JB-9014炸药/窗口界面的粒子速度历程表明,到爆轰距离为2~3 mm,在3~5mm处反应冲击波已发展为稳定爆轰波。开展了相应的初步数值计算工作,计算结果与实验基本吻合。     

冲击波载荷作用下拉－弯耦合梁的瞬态响应分析

采用大挠度弹性理论和中心差分法分析了拉压变形和弯曲变形之间存在弹性耦合的非线性薄梁结构对冲击波载荷作用的大挠度瞬态响应。为了充分描述冲击波载荷的强度大小,文中应用了冲击波载荷的冲量概念。通过进一步研究模态数、时间步长、拉－弯耦合、拉／弯刚度比、冲击波冲量对挠度响应的影响,得到了一些有用的结论。     

金属壳体装药水下爆炸的冲击波特性

为了研究装药壳体厚度对水下爆炸冲击波特性的影响,对1kg柱形含铝炸药分别在厚6mm 的钢壳或硬铝壳装药下进行了水下爆炸实验与数值模拟研究。实验结果表明,相对硬铝壳,钢壳装药的冲击波冲量、衰减时间常数以及冲击波能都偏大,而冲击波峰值相差不大。针对不同厚度钢壳装药的数值模拟表明,随着壳体厚度的增加,冲击波参数明显增强,当壳体厚度超过最优值时这种效应减弱;金属壳的存在导致冲击波峰值爬升产生滞后效应;对一定质量的炸药,存在可有效提高冲击波压力峰值的最优壳厚,填装比可以作为衡量效果的重要指标。     

水下爆炸冲击波的近场特性

通过求解球形一维流体动力学方程,模拟了水下爆炸冲击波的产生和传播过程。在数值模拟中,对TNT炸药采用标准的JWL状态方程,对水采用Two-phase状态方程。应用Level Set方法确定爆炸产物和水的交界面的位置。对裸药球在无限水域爆炸进行了数值计算,考察了网格大小对结果收敛性的影响,分析了水下爆炸冲击波压力和比冲量的近场特性。最后通过数值拟合得到了冲击波压力峰值、比冲量和时间衰减常数的近似回归公式。     

冲击波和气泡作用下舰船结构动态响应的数值模拟

针对水下爆炸载荷、瞬态流固耦合效应在舰船水下爆炸数值模拟中的困难,在现有水下爆炸载荷计算模型(Geers and Hunter)的基础上,结合边界元法,修正水下爆炸气泡载荷计算方法.针对用二阶双渐近法(the second-order doubly-asymptotic approximation,DAA2)在处理低频...     

冲击波载荷作用下拉－弯耦合梁的瞬态响应分析

采用大挠度弹性理论和中心差分法分析了拉压变形和弯曲变形之间存在弹性耦合的非线性薄梁结构对冲击波载荷作用的大挠度瞬态响应。为了充分描述冲击波载荷的强度大小，文中应用了冲击波载荷的冲量概念。通过进一步研究模态数、时间步长、拉－弯耦合、拉／弯刚度比、冲击波冲量对挠度响应的影响，得到了一些有用的结论。     

强爆炸冲击波作用下天线结构的离散变量优化设计

首先建立了强爆炸冲击波作用下天线结构受精度和应力约束的连续变量优化设计数学模型 ;其次 ,根据材料特点 ,将设计变量取为离散变量 ,提出了天线结构在强爆炸冲击波作用下受精度和应力约束的离散变量优化设计数学模型。采用离散变量优化算法离散复合形法 ,对强爆炸冲击波作用下的 8m天线进行了优化计算。结果表明 ,经优化设计后 ,天线重量仅为初始重量的 4 0 %。     

水下爆炸冲击波的数值模拟研究

应用商业有限元程序MSC.DYTRAN数值模拟了球形药包在无限水域中爆炸产生的冲击波。通过和经验公式计算结果的比较,证明采用合理的计算参数和有限元模型能够较好地模拟水下爆炸冲击波的传播过程。通过调整水的状态方程参数,达到了提升冲击波峰值应力的效果,从而有效地降低了单元数量和计算时间。     

A simplified model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of steel column subjected to impact

This paper presents a new simplified model of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a steel column subjected to impact loading. In this model, the impacted column, which undergoes large displacement, consists of two rigid bars connected by generalized elastic–plastic hinges where the deformation of the entire steel column as well as the connections is concentrated. The effect of the rest of the structure on the column is modeled by an elastic spring and a point masse both attached to the top end of the column which is also loaded by a compressive force. The plastification of the hinges follows the normality rule with a yield surface that accounts for the interaction between M and N. The latter is described by a super-elliptic yield surface that allows ones to consider a wide range of convex yield criterion by simply varying the roundness factor that affects the shape of the limit surface. By including these features, the model captures both geometry and material nonlinearities. Both the flow rule and the equations of motion are integrated using the midpoint scheme that conserves energy. The non-smooth nature of impact is considered by writing the equations of motion of colliding masses using differential measures. Contact conditions are written in terms of velocity and combined with Newton's law to provide the constitutive law describing interactions between masses during impact. Numerical applications show that the model is able to capture the behavior of a column subjected to impact.     

Absorption of thermal radiation in a semi-transparent spherical droplet: a simplified model

The boundary-value problem for calculation of differential absorption of thermal radiation is formulated based on the modified DP₀ approximation. The solution of this problem is supplemented by simple analytical approximations for the normalised absorbed radiation power. The latter is used together with the analytical approximation for the efficiency factor of absorption, suggested earlier. The resulting simplified model is applied to the specific problem of absorption of thermal radiation by a diesel fuel droplet. Two types of diesel fuel have been considered. It is pointed out that the radial distribution of absorbed thermal radiation power is non-monotonic. The power absorbed in the droplet core is shown to be rather large and almost homogeneous. Also, the absorbed power is large in the vicinity of the droplet surface, but is minimal in the intermediate region. It is pointed out that the variations of the refractive index of diesel fuel with wavelengths can smooth the predicted radial dependence of the thermal radiation power, absorbed in diesel fuel droplets.     

A simplified reissner theory for plate bending

A theory for plate bending is presented which includes the effects of transverse shear and transverse direct stress. It is based on the assumptions of Reissner's theory, but, by accepting a specified order of accuracy it is shown to be possible to formulate the theory for both homogeneous and sandwich plates in terms of transverse displacement as the single unknown variable. The application of finite difference and localized Ritz methods to the theory is briefly discussed.     

Dynamic response of the spherical pendulum subjected to horizontal Lissajous excitation

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper examines the oscillations of a spherical pendulum with horizontal Lissajous excitation. The pendulum has two degrees of freedom: a rotational angle defined in the...     

冲击荷载作用下混凝土材料的细观本构模型

将混凝土材料看成是水泥砂浆基体和粗骨料颗粒组成的2相复合材料,假设水泥砂浆基体和粗骨料颗粒均为弹性、均匀、各向同性的,粗骨料颗粒为球形。基于Mori-Tanaka理论和Eshelby 等效夹杂理论推出了混凝土材料弹性模量的计算公式。在Horii和Nemat-Nasser提出的脆性材料在双轴向压应力作用下破坏的滑移裂纹模型基础上,运用细观力学方法推导了微裂纹对材料弹性模量的弱化作用以及微裂纹的损伤演化方程。建立了混凝土材料在冲击荷载作用下的一维动态本构模型,模拟曲线与实验曲线符合良好,因而可以用该模型模拟混凝土材料在冲击荷载下的动态特性。     

A unified constitutive theory for polymeric liquids I. Basic considerations and a simplified model

By combining a continuum mechanical approach with considerations of network theory and thermodynamics of irreversible processes, a set of differentialtype constitutive equations for polymeric liquids are obtained which provide expressions for the stress tensor, evolution equations of the effective Finger strain and Cauchy strain for the network deformation, and a first order differential equation governing the rigidity modulus. Unlike Giesekus' recent unified approach that starts from the bead-spring model, the theory lends itself more readily to a better understanding of most of the current theories based on continuum mechanics and molecular network concepts. Different recent models such as those due to Leonov, Dashner—Van Arsdale, Phan Thien—Tanner, and Acierno et al. (or Marrucci) can be unambiguously interpreted as resulting from specific approximations or additional assumptions.     

A simplified nonlinear theory of the generalized plane strain

A finite deformation theory of plane strain is formulated for transversely isotropic, homogeneous bodies with nonlinear stress-strain law. A new set of simplified field equations, which is valid in the case of some deviations from Hooke's law, is derived systematically with the help of the method of order estimation. For illustration purposes, a circular hole in a body under generalized plane strain is considered, together with the solution of an example problem by perturbation techniques.     

A simplified model of coupled relaxation oscillators

In this paper we analyze a simplified model of a pair of coupled relaxation oscillators. The simplified model employs a two-dimensional phase space with jump conditions to approximate the behavior in the full four-dimensional phase space. The stability of the phase-locked modes of oscillation for the simplified system is obtained using phase plane techniques and compared to that previously obtained for the full system using asymptotic and numerical methods. It is shown that these results differ qualitatively over a region of the parameter space, and Lyapunov's direct stability method is used to explain this shortcoming of the model.