硬膜外阻滞麻醉镇痛对分娩的影响研究

目的 观察硬膜外阻滞麻醉镇痛对分娩镇痛效果及母婴的影响.方法 选择100例单胎头位足月临产孕妇为观察组,给予低浓度罗哌卡因联合芬太尼硬膜外阻滞镇痛,对照组为同期未采用镇痛药物的单胎头位足月临产孕妇110例进行对比.比较两组的镇痛效果、产程进展、分娩方式、新生儿窒息、产后出血等情况.结果 观察组的镇痛有效率达100%,观察组的产程(7.25±3.50)h与对照组(9.60±4.15)h对比,两组差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);剖宫产率分别为9%和28%,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);新生儿窒息,产后出血差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 分娩镇痛采用硬膜外阻滞麻醉的方法,安全有效,可缩短产程,降低剖宫产率,对母婴无不良影响.     

产妇自控硬膜外麻醉分娩镇痛的临床研究

目的 研究硬膜外麻醉分娩镇痛的疗效和对产程的影响.方法 观察80例产妇在产程中行硬膜外麻醉分娩镇痛,未采取任何分娩镇痛药物而进入产程的产妇80例作为对照组.观察两组镇痛效果、不良反应及对产程、分娩方式、产后出血、胎儿和新生儿的影响.结果 观察组硬膜外麻醉分娩镇痛有效率为98.2%,观察组活跃期和第二产程均较对照组缩短,差别有极显著意义(p＜0.001).对分娩方式、产后出血和新生儿的影响,两组比较差异无显著意义(p＞0.05).结论 硬膜外麻醉分娩镇痛效果好,副作用少,对母婴无影响,可加速产程活跃期和第二产程进展.     

硬膜外镇痛分娩与自然分娩的护理对比观察

目的 探讨硬膜外镇痛分娩过程的护理.方法 对本科2004年12月-2006年12月住院分娩产妇按自愿接受无痛分娩的要求分成无痛分娩组52人(实验组)和传统自然分娩组55人(对照组),对疼痛程度、产程、产后出血、新生儿情况等进行比较分析.结果 实验组与对照组比较镇痛效果有显著差异(P＜0.01),产程明显缩短(P＜0.05),而产后出血,新生儿情况两组无差异.结论 硬膜外镇痛分娩阵痛效果好,促进产程进展,对产后出血及新生儿均无不良影响.     

硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床研究

目的:探讨硬膜外分娩镇痛效果及其对产程、母婴状况的影响.方法:将0.1%布比卡因及芬太尼5 μg/ml混合液硬膜外分娩镇痛的300例产妇作为镇痛组,将未用任何镇痛药的300例产妇作为对照组,比较两组的产痛程度、产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血量、羊水粪染率、新生儿窒息及缩宫素应用等.结果:镇痛组300例产妇中显效90.33%(271/300),有效9.67%(29/300),总镇痛有效率100%;镇痛组的活跃期和第二产程时间短于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01);镇痛组自然分娩率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),剖宫产率则以对照组为高(P＜0.05);两组羊水粪染率、新生儿窒息、Apgar评分、产后出血量及缩宫素应用的比较无显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:硬膜外分娩镇痛是一种理想的、安全有效的分娩镇痛方法.     

分娩镇痛的实践历程研究

从1847年苏格兰产科医生SimpsonJ成功地用乙醚实施了分娩镇痛,已有一个半世纪了,专家们一直在探究一种理想的分娩镇痛法。1992年美国妇产学院(ACOG)分娩镇痛委员会曾指出,理想的分娩镇痛须具备以下特征:对母婴无负面影响;给药方便起效快,作用可靠,且能满足整个产程的镇痛需要;避免运动阻滞,不能影响到子宫萎缩和产妇的运动;产妇清醒,能参与到分娩的全过程,必要时可满足手术的需要。     

硬膜外分娩镇痛介入时机的选择对分娩结局的影响

目的:分析不同时机硬膜外分娩镇痛介入对产妇产程进展、镇痛效果及分娩结局的影响.方法:选取2019年7月至2020年9月于本院住院分娩的164例初产妇作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为两组(n=82),A组选择宫口扩张<3 cm时进行硬膜外分娩镇痛,B组选择在宫口扩张≥3 cm时进行硬膜外分娩镇痛介入.对比两组产妇第一、第...     

蛛网膜下腔—硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉用于潜伏期分娩镇痛的临床效果观察

目的评估蛛网膜下腔—硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉用于潜伏期分娩镇痛的有效性及安全性。方法选择在我院分娩已临产初产妇,根据产妇意愿分为3组,A组在产程潜伏期宫口开至(1-2 cm);B组产程活跃期(宫口开至3 cm以上)应用蛛网膜下腔-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉法镇痛;C组未用分娩镇痛。分别观察VAS评分,产程时间,催产素加强宫缩时间,分娩方式,围生儿结局及分娩过程出血量和不良事件。结果①A组VAS评分在潜伏期显著低于B组和C组(P<0.05),在产程活跃期和第二产程A、B组VAS明显低于C组(P<0.05);②3组产程进展无明显差异(P>0.05),催产素使用率A、B两组明显高于C组(P<0.05),A、B两组之间比较无差异;③3组分娩方式比较A、B两组的剖宫产率低于C组(P<0.05),A、B两组剖宫产率比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。围生儿结局及分娩过程中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论蛛网膜下腔—硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉用于潜伏期分娩镇痛有效、安全、可行。     

罗哌卡因负荷剂量浓度对硬膜外分娩镇痛临床指标及疼痛的影响研究

目的:探讨罗哌卡因负荷剂量的浓度在硬膜外分娩镇痛中的应用价值.方法:选取我院于2020年4月-2021年5月收治的选择硬膜外分娩镇痛的86例初产妇为研究对象,采用数字随机分配原则分为A组(负荷剂量0.2％盐酸罗哌卡因)、B组(负荷剂量0.15％盐酸罗哌卡因5毫升)、C组(负荷剂量0.1％盐酸罗哌卡因).对比三组心率、血...     

持续硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛的激素变化对宫缩的影响

目的探讨持续硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛的激素变化,认识分娩镇痛的规律。方法采用分娩镇痛和不采用任何镇痛技术阴道分娩的两组初产妇,比较血中前列腺素E1、前列腺素E2、皮质醇、内皮素的变化。结果在第三产程末,前列腺素E2、皮质醇及内皮素测定值下降显著,研究组与对照组之间有显著性差异。而前列腺素E1的含量虽下降,但研究组与对照组之间无显著性差异。结论在分娩镇痛后,促使子宫平滑肌收缩的激素含量下降时,会导致宫缩减弱。     

可乐定对吗啡硬膜外病人自控镇痛效果的影响

目的观察可乐定对硬膜外吗啡病人自控镇痛临床效果的影响。方法54例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级硬膜外麻醉下全宫切除术病人,随机分为三组,镇痛液分别为:C0组(n=18):吗啡0.1mg/ml,C1组(n=18):吗啡0.1mg/ml+可乐定1μg/ml,C2组(n=18):吗啡0.1mg/ml+可乐定2μg/ml。PCA泵设置均相同。术后疼痛视觉模拟评分3分时启动PCA,监测镇痛的第4、8、16、24小时视觉模拟评分、警觉/镇静评分、血压、心率、总用药量等资料。结果所有病人麻醉效果满意,组间布比卡因用量、术后平均动脉压和心率变化均无统计学差异。三组病人24小时吗啡/可乐定的用量为C0组(3.3±0.6)mg/0μg、C1组(3.3±0.6)mg/(33.4±8.5)μg和C2组(3.3±0.6)mg/(65.5±11.6)μg,吗啡剂量组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。疼痛视觉模拟评分≤3比例C0组(86.7%)显著性低于C1组(95.0%)和C2组(98.7%),警觉/镇静评分≤4级比例N0组最低,C2组最高,镇痛期间呕吐的发生率分别为C0组16.7%、C1组22.2%和C2组16.7%,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论硬膜外腔1～2μg/ml可乐定可改善吗啡术后镇痛效果,并具有与其剂量有关的镇静和降低呕吐发生率的作用。     

Efficacy of epidural analgesia in patients with cancer pain: a retrospective observational study

Purpose

Pain in terminal cancer patients may be refractory to systemic analgesics or associated with adverse drug reactions to analgesics. Epidural analgesia has been effectively used in such patients for pain control. However, this method does not provide pain relief to all patients. The efficacy and complications of continuous epidural analgesia were evaluated for expanding efficacy in terminal cancer patients.

Materials and Methods

The charts of patients who received epidural analgesia for over 5 years for the control of terminal cancer pain were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

Ninety-six patients received 127 epidural catheters. The mean duration for epidural catheterization was 31.5±55.6 (5-509) days. The dose of epidural morphine increased by 3.5% per day. The efficacy of epidural analgesia at 2 weeks follow up revealed improved pain control (n=56), as the morphine equivalent drug dose dropped from 213.4 mg/day to 94.1 mg/day (p<0.05) at 2 weeks follow up. Accordingly, after 2 weeks institution of epidural analgesia, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with severe pain, from 78.1% to 19.6% (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Epidural analgesia was an effective pain control method in patients with terminal cancer pain, however, a systematized algorithm for the control of cancer-related pain in needed.     

蛛网膜下腔-硬膜外联合阻滞分娩镇痛(CSEA)对产程及新生儿影响的研究

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔———硬膜外联合阻滞分娩镇痛(CSEA)对产程及新生儿出生并发症的影响。方法对55例初产妇实施蛛网膜下腔———硬膜外联合阻滞分娩镇痛(CSEA),选择同时期分娩的55例初产妇及其新生儿作为对照组。对两组的产程、剖宫产率以及新生儿窒息、吸入性肺炎、颅内出血等出生并发症的发生率进行对照。结果产程时间镇痛组较对照组短,有显著性差异(P<0.05);剖宫产率镇痛组较对照组低,有显著性差异(P<0.05);新生儿出生并发症发生率两组相同,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论蛛网膜下腔———硬膜外联合阻滞分娩镇痛(CSEA)效果显著、安全可靠,可缩短产程,降低因社会因素导致的剖宫产率,对新生儿出生并发症发生率无明显影响。     

A single dose of celecoxib 200 mg improves postoperative analgesia provided via patient-controlled epidural technique after caesarean section

Introduction

Celecoxib in a dose of 200 mg is safe for the breast feeding mother, as its milk levels are extremely low. We investigated the efficacy of celecoxib in improving postoperative pain management in parturients under patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA).

Material and methods

We studied 64 healthy parturients undergoing elective caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Postoperative analgesia was performed via PCEA with ropivacaine 0.15% and fentanyl 2 µg/ml (4 ml bolus administration, lock-out 15 min). Patients were randomly allocated to receive either only PCEA (n = 32) or PCEA plus celecoxib 200 mg orally (n = 32). Paracetamol 500 mg was given orally as rescue analgesia. We recorded visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain at rest and movement, attempted and given PCEA doses, Bromage scores, level of sensory blockade, rescue doses of paracetamol, maternal side effects during the first 24 h after the PCEA instrumentation, and the overall patient satisfaction.

Results

Fifty-six patients completed the entire protocol. Patient demographics, duration of surgery, side effects, attempted and given PCEA doses, and motor and sensory blockade did not differ between the groups. Significantly lower VAS scores at rest and movement, fewer paracetamol doses (p = 0.039) and increased patient satisfaction (p = 0.001) were found in the celecoxib group compared to controls.

Conclusions

A single dose of 200 mg of celecoxib effectively improved pain management in parturients with PCEA, limited the need for supplemental analgesics and improved efficacy of analgesia, increasing patient satisfaction.     

分娩镇痛导乐仪对阴道分娩影响的量化评价

目的：量化评价阴道分娩产妇采用分娩镇痛导乐仪的临床效果。方法：选取本院2014年10月至2015年7月收治的2313例足月妊娠阴道试产孕产妇,根据其分娩模式将其分为对照组1252例、观察A组705例与观察B组356例。对照组采用常规阴道分娩方式,观察A组给予硬膜外麻醉镇痛分娩措施,观察B组应用GT-4A型分娩镇痛导乐仪,依次观察并比较各组孕产妇的分娩方式、产程时间、产中疼痛程度以及母婴分娩结局。结果：观察A组与观察B组产妇的各产程疼痛程度均明显好于对照组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组产妇比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察B组产妇的产程时间、阴道分娩率以及产后2 h出血量均显著好于对照组与观察A组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：针对产妇采用分娩镇痛导乐仪可明显缩短产程时间、缓解产中疼痛并提升阴道分娩几率,对产妇与新生儿的分娩安全也具有积极保障性作用。     

不同镇痛方式在开胸术后的镇痛效果及对肺功能影响

目的观察不同镇痛方式在开胸手术后的镇痛效果及其对肺功能的影响。方法39例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,在硬膜外复合全身麻醉下行侧开胸手术的病人,术后随机接受罗哌卡因(罗哌组,n=10)、甲磺酸罗哌卡因(甲罗组,n=10)和布比卡因(布比组,n=10)硬膜外镇痛(patient controlled epidural analgesia,PCEA)及吗啡(吗啡组,n=9)静脉镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)。结果术后1、2、5d静息时的疼痛评分罗哌组和甲罗组均明显低于布比组,但与吗啡组相比无明显差异;术后1d静息时疼痛评分吗啡组也明显低于布比组,但术后2、5d两组间无明显差异。术后1、2、5d咳嗽时疼痛评分罗哌组均明显低于布比组和吗啡组;各时间咳嗽时疼痛评分布比组和吗啡组之间无明显差异。术后1、2dPaCO2罗哌组均明显低于布比组,术后1dPaCO2罗哌组也明显低于布比组;术后1、2dPaCO2罗哌组均明显高于吗啡组,但与布比组之间无明显差异。术后1、2、5d用力肺活量和呼吸峰流速四组间无明显差异。结论罗哌卡因和甲磺酸罗哌卡因加舒芬太尼可安全用于开胸手术后硬膜外镇痛,其镇痛效果优于布比卡因加芬太尼硬膜外镇痛和吗啡静脉镇痛,并使术后病人维持更好的呼吸功能,且不增加副作用的发生率。     

高乌甲素复合布比卡因用于老年食管癌术后自控镇痛

目的探讨高乌甲素复合布比卡因用于老年食管癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛临床效果及不良反应。方法ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，择期行食管癌根治术后病人50例，随机分为两组，高乌甲素复合布比卡因组、芬太尼复合布比卡因组，每组25例，术毕高乌甲素复合布比卡因组以0．02％高乌甲素复合0．125％布比卡因，芬太尼复合布比卡因组以0．0004％芬太尼复合0．125％布比卡因行硬膜外自控镇痛。测定麻醉前5min（T0）、术后4h（T1）、8h（T2）、24h（T3）和48h（T4）血浆肾上腺素及去甲肾上腺素浓度。结果两组镇痛效果优良，VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素浓度，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高乌甲素复合布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛，用于老年食管癌术后镇痛效果确切，安全有效。     

Effect of combined single-injection femoral nerve block and patient-controlled epidural analgesia in patients undergoing total knee replacement

Purpose

Total knee replacement is one of the most painful orthopedic procedures, and effective pain relief is essential for early mobility and discharge from hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether addition of single-injection femoral nerve block to epidural analgesia would provide better postoperative pain control, compared to epidural analgesia alone, after total knee replacement.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-eight patients received a single-injection femoral nerve block with 0.25% levobupivacaine (30 mL) combined with epidural analgesia (femoral nerve block group) and 40 patients received epidural analgesia alone (control group). Pain intensity and volume of patient-controlled epidural analgesia medication and rescue analgesic requirements were measured in the first 48 hours after surgery at three time periods; 0-6 hours, 6-24 hours, and 24-48 hours. Also, side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and pruritus were evaluated.

Results

Median visual analog scale at rest and movement was significantly lower until 48 hours in the femoral nerve block group. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia volume was significantly lower throughout the study period, however, rescue analgesia requirements were significantly lower only up to 6 hours in the femoral nerve block group. The incidences of nausea and vomiting and rescue antiemetic requirement were significantly lower in the femoral nerve block group up to 6 hours.

Conclusion

The combination of femoral nerve block with epidural analgesia is an effective pain management regimen in patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement.     

连续髂筋膜阻滞和硬膜外阻滞下行全髋置换后镇痛的比较

背景：硬膜外持续镇痛曾被认为是下肢术后镇痛的金标准,其效果确切,全身不良反应较少,临床上普遍采用。但此法有低血压及尿潴留等不良反应,且患者在术后常规需应用低分子肝素抗凝,有增加硬膜外血肿的可能性,限制了硬膜外镇痛的临床使用。目前超声引导下连续髂筋膜腔隙阻滞技术的相关研究报道甚少。 目的：评价连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞和连续硬膜外阻滞两种不同镇痛方法对全髋关节置换后镇痛效果和关节功能恢复的影响。 方法：将60例择期行全髋关节置换患者分为2组：连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组和连续硬膜外镇痛组(n=30)。两组患者在全身麻醉诱导前均接受预注量,连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组经髂筋膜间隙注入0.25%罗哌卡因30 mL,连续硬膜外阻滞组经硬膜外导管注入0.20%罗哌卡因10 mL,均留置导管。待镇痛效果明确后,全麻插管。术毕两组分别经髂筋膜间隙、硬膜外连接镇痛泵持续给药,未使用术后自控镇痛单次给药。若疼痛难以忍受时,视其疼痛程度,予补救镇痛(帕瑞昔布20-40 mg/次)。记录目测类比评分、帕瑞昔布补救剂量、麻醉并发症、髋关节Harris评分、下床时间和住院时间。 结果与结论：目测类比评分、额外追加的镇痛药量、Harris评分、住院日两组无明显差别。但是下床时间连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组早于连续硬膜外阻滞组,而且连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组并发症明显低于连续硬膜外阻滞组。提示全髋关节置换后,两种镇痛方式均可提供满意的术后镇痛效果,髋关节功能可得到良好的恢复;但连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞并发症少且有利于患者早期下床活动,对于髋关节置换后镇痛是更好的选择。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：