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电吸附技术得益于环保、清洁、简单和节能的技术优势,在海水脱盐淡化及污染物吸附处理领域具有重要的应用潜力。如何构建高电荷容量的吸附电极是构建高效电吸附装置、提高吸附效率的关键所在。本文从电吸附技术原理出发,介绍了电吸附技术吸附储存离子的双电层理论模型,并对电吸附技术的研究进展进行了总结。随后从吸附电极材料制备角度对碳吸附电极、层状金属氧化物吸附电极、复合型吸附电极分别进行综述,对每一类电极材料特点及不足进行了总结,归纳分析了针对各类材料不足之处的解决方案,并基于高效电吸附技术实际应用目标,对吸附电极材料的设计制备进行了展望。 相似文献
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以超级电容活性炭为电吸附电极材料,以复合导电膜为电极导电集流体,采用平板加热压制成型工艺,制备了膜电吸附除盐(MCDI)用双电极.比较了柔性石墨片、高密度石墨板和复合导电膜3种集流体的导电性能和防水性能,筛选出复合导电膜为双电极集流体.从平压压力和温度方面对双电极制备成型工艺进行优化.测试了双电极在MCDI模组中的电化... 相似文献
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为了提高电吸附技术中活性炭粉电极(AC电极)电吸附容量,本实验采用sol-gel法制备了纳米ZnO-AC电极,以提高电吸附容量.研究结果表明,AC电极表面负载了一定量的纳米ZnO,其形态为棒状结构;经比表面积测定,AC电极比表面积从785 m2/g增加到1120 m2/g;对KCl的吸附试验表明,当极板有效面积5 cm×5 cm,两极板间距0.5 cm,电压1.6V,流速20 mL/min,原水为KCl溶液,原水电导320 μs/min时,除盐效率达到62.25%;并且经过5个循环,除盐效率基本没有降低,纳米ZnO-AC电极表现出良好的重复使用性能.本实验对活性炭粉在电吸附技术中的实际应用有重要意义. 相似文献
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某纺织集团以河水为水源水用于工业生产,其采用电吸附除盐技术对河水进行脱盐,在原水平均电导率为389μS/cm,平均硬度、氯离子质量浓度分别为119、64.7 mg/L的情况下,出水的平均电导率为118μS/cm,平均硬度、氯离子质量浓度分别为40、13.6 mg/L,出水指标完全满足宁波某纺织集团分公司对工业生产用水的要求。 相似文献
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近年来,国家强化了对各类污水的治理力度和排放标准。其中,工业废水具有较大的节水与回用潜能,急需一种高效低成本的脱盐技术。目前电吸附技术凭借其能耗低、无需添加药剂、除盐效率高等特点在水处理领域广泛应用。采用电吸附技术实现废水快速脱盐主要从脱盐速度提高和高通量产水2个方面入手。由于动力学因素决定了离子在吸附剂内部的吸附速率,吸附容量决定除盐率,因此探究影响电吸附过程动力学特性和脱盐影响因素是该技术的关键。以活性炭纤维为电极材料,在自制的板式电吸附装置进行多组电吸附试验,研究进样浓度、外加电压、进样液pH值和温度对其除盐效率和饱和吸附容量的影响,并对不同电压、不同浓度下的电吸附动力学结果进行拟合。动力学研究表明:电压是离子吸附速率的主要因素;电压<0.8 V时,适用于准二级动力学方程,电压>0.8 V后适用一级动力学模型,电压越大离子吸附速率越快。等温吸附模型研究表明:增大电压和初始浓度可以提高电吸附容量,吸附过程适用Langmuir吸附等温模型来描述。弱酸性条件更有利于电吸附除盐性能的提高;温度升高对离子吸附有抑制作用,室温为最佳试验温度。 相似文献
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A model for a sustainable desalination process has been developed. The simulated process consists of pumping seawater through a solar heater before flashing it under a passively created vacuum in an elevated chamber. The vacuum enhances evaporation and is maintained by the balance between the hydrostatic pressure inside the elevated flash chamber and the atmospheric pressure. The developed model uses theoretical thermodynamic relations to describe the process setting it apart from previous empirical correlations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 相似文献
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With the continuous growth of the world population, the demand for fresh water is ever increasing. Water desalination is a means of producing fresh water from saline water, and one of the proposed solutions in the scientific community for solving the current global freshwater shortage. Adsorption is foreseen as a promising technology for desalination due to its relatively low energy requirements, low environmental impact, low cost and high salt removal efficiency. More importantly, chemicals are not required in adsorption processes. Active carbons, zeolites, carbon nanostructures, graphene and coordination framework materials are amongst the most investigated adsorbents for adsorption desalination, which show different performances regarding adsorption rate, adsorption capacity, stability and recyclability. In this review, the latest adsorbent materials with their features are assessed (using metrics) and commented critically, and the current trend for their development is discussed. The adsorption mode is also reviewed, which can provide guidance for the design of adsorbents from the engineering application point of view. 相似文献
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冷冻-重力脱盐与反渗透结合的海水淡化分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着我国沿海液化天然气(LNG)接收站的迅速发展,LNG冷能有望成为冷冻法海水淡化的低成本冷源。在此前提下,研究了人工海冰在不同融化率下的重力脱盐效果,结果表明,当融化率达到79.53%时,Cl-、TDS、总硬度这3项指标可达到饮用水标准。当融化率为39.81%时,将冷冻-重力脱盐产水作为反渗透系统进水的运行模式,相较单纯冷冻-重力脱盐模式,饮用水产水率由20.47%上升到45.1%;相较直接将原海水进行反渗透处理,水泵吨水能耗从3.39 kW·h下降到0.87 kW·h。 相似文献
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A.O. Bin Amer 《Desalination》2009,249(3):1315-1331
Significant and rapid developments have taken place recently in the multi-effect thermal vapor compression (ME-TVC) desalination system of SIDEM Company, particularly in enlarging the unit capacity. The new trend of combining ME-TVC with conventional multi-effect has allowed this unit capacity to increase from two to eight million imperial gallons per day (MIGD) in the last decade. This considerable increase in capacity, poses a real competition to the multi stage flash system (MSF) as a large-scale production plant with lower operation temperatures.A steady state mathematical model of the ME-TVC desalination system is developed in this paper using Engineering Equations Solver (EES) to evaluate the model system performance. The model validity is examined against three commercial ME-TVC units which showed good results. The main improvements in the performance during the past ten years are also outlined and discussed. Another purpose of this paper is to determine the optimum operating and design conditions of the ME-TVC desalination system through mathematical modeling optimization. A MATLAB algorithm solution is developed and used to solve model equations, where a different number of effects were tested to maximize the gain ratio using (1) Smart Exhaustive Search Method and (2) Sequential Quadratic Programming. Results showed that the maximum gain ratio varied between 8.5 and 18.5 for 4 and 12 effects with the optimal top brine temperature ranging between 55.8 and 67.5 °C and a reasonable specific heat transfer area. The optimal ranges of compression and entrainment ratios are between 1.81 to 3.68 and 0.73 to 1.65 respectively. The optimal results of 4-effect TVC unit are also compared with three commercial 4-effect units having almost the same input, which showed that further improvement in the distillate output production, compression and entrainment ratio can be achieved by combining the ME-TVC system with conventional multi-effect unit. 相似文献
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海水淡化是从丰富的海水资源中提取清洁淡水的技术,是解决淡水资源短缺的重要途径。传统的海水淡化技术在实际应用中已经暴露出高成本、高能耗和低效率等缺点,因此开发海水淡化新兴技术及材料成为研究重点。二硫化钼(MoS2)是典型层状过渡金属硫化物,因其化学稳定、吸光能力优异等优点,在海水淡化领域具有极大的应用前景。作为一种高效环保的海水淡化材料,MoS2及其复合材料在改善传统脱盐工艺和发展新兴脱盐技术中已得到广泛研究。本文主要论述和分析MoS2基材料在电容去离子、膜脱盐及太阳能脱盐等海水淡化应用中的研究进展以及在工业化应用中面临的挑战,并展望其今后在脱盐领域的发展方向。 相似文献
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利用次氯酸钠溶液对商品反渗透膜表面进行氯化处理,然后将聚阳离子电解质壳聚糖通过静电吸附作用沉积在RO膜的表面,系统地研究了氯化过程的pH、氯化时间、次氯酸钠浓度、壳聚糖浓度及其沉积时间对膜性能的影响,以制备出高通量、高截留率的RO膜。在压力1.55 MPa、原料液温度(298±1)K的条件下,测定RO膜处理2000 μg·g-1氯化钠溶液的水通量和截留率。结果表明,当pH=9、氯化时间为30 min、次氯酸钠浓度为1000 mg·L-1时,水通量较原膜提高了约19.89%,截留率略有提高;当壳聚糖浓度为0.1%(质量分数)、沉积时间为30 min时,改性膜的接触角降低到34.88°,亲水性提高,水通量较氯化后的RO膜几乎保持不变,为60.55 L·m-2·h-1,截留率达到了99.56%。经过氯化和沉积改性后的RO膜水通量和截留率均得到了提高。 相似文献
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纳滤膜脱盐性能及其在海水软化中应用的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
选择了ESNA1型纳滤膜对NaCl、MgCl2、Na2SO4、MgSO4等4种无机单盐水溶液体系进行分离实验;考察操作压力和料液浓度等的变化对纳滤膜分离性能的影响及纳滤膜脱盐的稳定性,得到一些纳滤膜脱盐的规律;并对ESNA1膜在人工海水和海水软化脱盐中的应用作了初步探索.无机盐体系脱盐实验结果显示:随操作压力升高和料液浓度增大,ESNA1膜对4种盐溶液中的离子的截留率分别增大和减小,操作压力和料液浓度的变化对一价盐溶液的截留率影响较大,对二价盐溶液的截留率影响较小.人工海水和海水软化脱盐试验结果显示:ESNA1纳滤膜在实验过程中稳定性好,在较低的操作压力下膜通量也较高,且ESNA1纳滤膜对Ca2 、Mg2 、SO42-离子的截留率均>90%,初步判断此种纳滤膜可用于海水软化预处理. 相似文献