低温等离子体降解染料废水

试验研究了雾化介质阻挡放电过程中产生的低温等离子体对靛蓝二磺酸钠(C16H8N2Na2O8S2)染料废水的脱色效果.通过对染料浓度变化的测定表明,高压电极加入高压后,水电极在电场力的作用下雾化,大量的低温等离子体活性物质生成;在相同的处理时间内,染料溶液的浓度随着电压的升高和空气间隙的减小而降低;对染料脱色起重要作用的物质是雾化介质阻挡放电过程中产生的低温等离子体活性物质.     

木质素电氧化降解的研究

研究了电氧化降解过程中木质素磺酸盐的分子结构、功能团、分子量和表面活性的变化。结果表明,电氧化过程中木质素磺酸盐中的芳环被打开,-SO3H含量和表面活性降低,-COOH含量和分子量先增加后降低。     

木质素磺酸钠和木质素磺酸钙对煤的成浆性研究

以陕西某地区煤样为对象,进行木质素磺酸钠和木质素磺酸钙的成浆实验。研究发现,2种添加剂的分散性能较差,其中木质素磺酸钠的分散性能明显优于木质素磺酸钙;而2种添加剂的稳定性较好,且差异较小;在成浆浓度仅为60%和61%、添加剂量0.6%～1.4%的条件下,成浆粘度均在800 mPa.s以上。     

木质素磺化的研究

木质素磺酸盐是一种具有广泛用途的高分子物质,开发利用木质素磺酸盐具有很广阔的前途。对造纸黑液及酸析木质素的磺化进行了研究,得出了黑液及酸析木质素磺化的工艺条件。     

低温等离子体协同催化降解VOCs的研究进展

VOCs的治理近年来逐渐受到广泛关注。在各种去除技术中,等离子体因其工艺简单、处理流程短及适用范围广的特点被用于VOCs的去除。近年来兴起的低温等离子体结合催化技术,能进一步提高去除率,降低能耗,减少二次污染,为有效去除VOCs指引了一个新的发展方向。本文综合概述了国内外近几年低温等离子体结合催化技术的作用机理,影响去除率的因素,以及尝试采用该技术去除VOCs有机物的研究进展。     

木质素磺酸钠制备固体酸催化剂及其催化活性研究

采用炭化磺化法以木质素磺酸钠为原料制备一种固体酸催化剂,并用于纤维素的水解反应,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)、傅里叶红外(FTIR)、酸碱滴定进行了表征。考察了炭化温度对固体酸催化剂的表面酸量和催化性能的影响。结果表明,在碳化温度为300℃时制得的催化剂其磺酸基含量高达1.3 mmol/g,对纤维素水解的催化活性优于其他常见的酸催化剂,在180℃反应6 h后,还原糖产量为44.2%。     

木质素磺酸钠制备固体酸催化剂及其催化活性研究

采用炭化磺化法以木质素磺酸钠为原料制备一种固体酸催化剂,并用于纤维素的水解反应,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)、傅里叶红外(FTIR)、酸碱滴定进行了表征。考察了炭化温度对固体酸催化剂的表面酸量和催化性能的影响。结果表明,在碳化温度为300℃时制得的催化剂其磺酸基含量高达1.3 mmol/g,对纤维素水解的催化活性优于其他常见的酸催化剂,在180℃反应6 h后,还原糖产量为44.2%。     

造纸黑液制取木质素磺酸盐研究

以造纸黑液为原料,从中提取木质素,在NaSO3与木质素的质量比为3∶4,反应时间4h,工作压力0.6MPa的最佳条件下,经磺化成木质素磺酸盐。开发的产品可作沥青乳化剂、絮凝剂等。此法不仅提供了一种减少造纸污水对环境污染的方法,而且表明造纸污水的回收利用在工业、建筑业上有一定的利用价值,应用前景广阔。     

低温等离子体降解酸性橙7染料废水研究

采用低温等离子体技术降解酸性橙7染料废水,探讨了酸性橙7初始浓度、输入功率、初始pH值以及空气流量对酸性橙7降解的影响。结果表明:输入功率为18 W,初始酸性橙7浓度为5 mg/L,初始p H值为7. 0,空气流量为56 L/h时,酸性橙7的降解率可达100%;降低酸性橙7初始浓度,降低输入功率,碱性pH值和较高的空气流量均有利于提高酸性橙7的降解率;酸性橙7降解过程中溶液的电导率不断增大,但p H值逐渐降低。     

低温等离子体及协同催化降解VOCs研究进展

综合分析了国内外近年来关于去除VOCs的相关技术研究进展,指出低温等离子体处理VOCs技术是一项新兴技术,有工艺简单、适用范围广等特点,该技术协同催化能有效提高去除率、降低能耗、减少二次污染,为VOCs的去除提供了一个新的技术发展方向。     

改性木质素磺酸盐处理含镉废水的研究

用自制的改性木质素磺酸盐处理电镀含镉废水,实验表明:在室温条件下.单体用量为1.5 mol/L,反应48 h时,可得到相对分子质量较大、絮凝效果较好的改性木质素磺酸盐.当pH控制在7,改性木质素磺酸盐用量80ms/L,絮凝60 min,室温条件下,可使含镉废水中Cd~(2+)的去除率达到99%以上.     

Study on the catalytic degradation of sodium lignosulfonate to aromatic aldehydes over nano-CuO: Process optimization and reaction kinetics

As one of the few renewable aromatic resources, the research of depolymerization of lignin into high-value chemicals has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Catalytic wet aerobic oxidation (CWAO) is an effective technology to convert lignin like sodium lignosulfonate (SL), a lignin derivative, into aromatic aldehydes such as vanillin and syringaldehyde. However, how to improve the yield of aromatic aldehyde and conversion efficiency is still a challenge, and many operating conditions that significantly affect the yield of these aromatic compounds have rarely been investigated systematically. In this work, we adopted the stirred tank reactor (STR) for the CWAO process with nano-CuO as catalyst to achieve the conversion of SL into vanillin and syringaldehyde. The effect of operating conditions including reaction time, oxygen partial pressure, reaction temperature, SL concentration, rotational speed, catalyst amount, and NaOH concentration on the yield of single phenolic compound was systematically investigated. The results revealed that all these operating conditions exhibit a significant effect on the aromatic aldehyde yield. Therefore, they should be regulated in an optimal value to obtain high yield of these aldehydes. More importantly, the reaction kinetics of the lignin oxidation was explored. This work could provide basic data for the optimization and design of industrial operation of lignin oxidation.     

Study on the graft copolymerization of lignosulfonate and acrylic monomers

Graftings of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate onto lignosulfonate were studied, respectively, with and without the lignosulfonate ozonized. Copolymerization was redox-initiated by peroxideferrous ions. Monomer conversion and grafting efficiency depended essentially on reaction medium and the maount of peroxide charged. Among the media employed, the magnitude of the medium effect on conversion was found to be in the following order: water, dioxane, and methanol. The conversions in water of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate were 55 and 90%, respectively, when using 3% hydrogen peroxide. Beyond this 3 % charge, both the grafting efficiency and the degree of lignosulfonate grafted approached certain limits. Ozonization appeared to be capable of stimulating the active centers in lignin macromolecules, whereon acrylic monomers could be grafted. Better grafting efficiency was obtained with the ozonized lignosulfonate.     

以木质素磺酸钙为粘合剂压制型煤的工艺研究和性能测试

造纸工业生产中排放大量的污染物,其中固体废弃物木质素磺酸盐的利用率较低,开发其资源化利用新途径具有重要意义。采用化学方法处理木质素磺酸钙,制备型煤粘合剂并应用于型煤的压制。优化了型煤粘合剂的原料比例,考察了胶煤比、压制压力和压制时间对型煤的影响规律,最后对型煤的抗磨、抗淋和抗浸泡及燃烧性能进行了评价。结果表明:适宜的Na OH浓度为0.6 mol/L,木质素磺酸钙用量为0.5 g;型煤的适宜工艺参数为粘合剂/煤质量比9∶50、压制压力20 MPa、压制时间10 min,此时型煤落下强度可达95%以上,同时其抗磨强度可达90%。从灰分形态及CO_2排放证实型煤燃烧转化效率明显提高,且烟气中NOx和CO污染物排放浓度明显降低,达到了节能环保的目的。     

催化强化低温等离子体降解甲苯的研究

研究了介质阻挡放电反应器与MnO_x/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂强化去除甲苯的性能。探究负载含量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等条件对降解甲苯的影响,采用均匀设计的方法来优化甲苯降解的制备参数,并对产生的尾气进行在线监测分析。结果表明,5%的负载含量、焙烧温度660℃、焙烧时间为195 min时甲苯的降解率最高可达92.48%,较空塔反应器(83.79%)有了显著提升。对尾气监测分析发现,加入了催化剂后O₃和NO_X浓度由246.76 mg/m³、110.99 mg/m³分别降低到90.30 mg/m³、20.69 mg/m³;最后对催化剂表面产物进行GC-MS检测,分析反应机理。为等离子体技术的发展提供了新思路,为该技术的商业应用提供了借鉴。     

木质素磺酸钠缓蚀、阻垢性能的研究

测定了木质素磺酸钠(木钠)在循环冷却水中的阻垢、缓蚀性能,并和羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDP)、氨基三亚甲基膦酸(ATMP)进行了对比。结果表明,木钠对碳酸钙的静态阻垢率较低,20 mg/L时仅为8.24%,而HEDP达到49.86%,ATMP达到47.10%。在低投加量时,木钠的静态缓蚀率较低,并加快了碳钢的腐蚀。随着温度的升高,木钠的静态阻垢率及缓蚀率均降低。     

木素磺酸盐缩合反应的研究

本文研究了木素磺酸盐与甲醛的缩合反应，探讨缩台前后木素磺酸盐物化性质的变化。研究结果表明，缩合产物的粘度和分子置随温度升高及反应时间的延长而增高，并随PH值的降低而增高。缩合反应的适宜条件为PH＜6，160～180℃，3h。缩合反应可提高木素磺酸盐的吸附性和分散性，缩合产物的吸附及分散能力随甲醛用量的增加而改善，在pH＝0.86～3及180℃时改性木素对无机盐的分散力最强。     

Polyester/lignosulfonate blends with enhanced properties

The compatibility of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and its copolymer containing isophthalate units with epoxy-modified lignin has been studied. The following methods have been used: DSC, thermogravimetry, IR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and dielectric properties determination. The optimum compatibility ratios and the necessity of a partial crosslinking with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane to obtain a stable morphology have been established.     

Effect of plasma power on degradation of chitosan

The depolymerization of chitosan by plasma in the presence of oxygen (O₂) and nitrogen (N₂) was investigated with various PECVD power. The degree of the depolymerization was determined by measuring the viscosity. With 100W of PECVD, the average molecular weight (M _w ) decreased from 93,000 of raw chitosan to about 41,000 with plasma-treating time of 5 min in N₂, and 45,000 in O₂. The depolymerization of chitosan increased with increasing PECVD power from 100W to 400W, and with increasing PECVD treating time from 1min to 5 min. FT-IR showed the absorption band peaks of the amine (-NH) band at 1,541–1,549 cm^?1 and the carbonyl (C=O) band at 1,654 cm^?1 and 3,422–3,488 cm^?1 substantially decreased. The decrease in band peaks means that the chain of chitosan macromolecules was broken into smaller unit which results in decreasing viscosity. Therefore, plasma treatment in the presence of O₂ or N₂ is a potentially applicable technique for the production of low molecular chitosan.     

改性木素磺酸盐GCL2对碳钢缓蚀性能的影响因素研究

通过旋转挂片实验研究了浓度、水温、pH、流动条件等因素对CCL2预膜效果和缓蚀性能的影响.结果显示,GCL2对碳钢的缓蚀作用随预膜浓度和运行浓度的升高而增强,预膜浓度200mg/L,运行浓度7.5ng/L时缓蚀率高达90.6%.GCL2在水温为25℃、40℃和60℃时都具有很好的成膜性能和缓蚀作用,需要在冷却水流动的条件下才能形成完整的保护膜.GCL2在弱酸性条件下具有很好的缓蚀性能,当冷却水pH值为6时,25mg/L GCL2的缓蚀率为89.3%.