小型仿人机器人的设计及步态规划

针对现有仿人形机器人造价高的缺点,设计一款低成本的小型双足机器人研究平台。根据人类步行过程及人体生理结构．依据模糊控制与专家控制相结合的理论提出一种简单的双足机器人模型,并根据仿生学原理确定机器人的自由度配置及各关节的比例尺寸。然后,利用目前通用的行为规划软件对双足机器人步态规划进行仿真,并在平坦地面上进行相应行走试验。实验证明,根据人行走模式对机器人进行步态规划的算法稳定可行,为机器人的教学和科研提供了良好的实验平台。     

双足机器人的行走模型及步态规划

双足步行机器人是一个多变量、强耦合、非线性和变结构的复杂动力学系统,是机器人研究领域中的一个重要分支。根据人类的步行过程及人体的生理结构提出了一种简单的双足机器人模型,分析了双足机器人在平坦的地面上脚面抬起高度为。的最小能量消耗的行走方式,并进行了步态规划的研究．     

未知不平整地面上的双足步行稳定控制

 针对未知的不平整地面环境,提出了双足机器人稳定步行控制算法,该算法由步态规划和传感器反馈控制两部分组成.采用被动倒立摆模型设计双足机器人的步态,使得双足机器人能够自然、节能的稳定行走.实时反馈控制用来适应地面环境的凹凸不平以及处理外部环境的扰动.控制器包括上身姿态控制、期望ZMP控制以及非线性落地控制三部分.双足机器人机构柔性的存在对机器人稳定性以及控制效果造成很坏的影响,甚至使反馈控制造成负面的效果,因此柔性的影响也被考虑到步行控制器的设计当中.利用双足机器人不平地面上的步行实验验证所提出步行控制算法的有效性.     

基于DSP的双足机器人运动控制系统设计

在仿人机器人研究领域,双足步行控制一直是其难点。主要介绍基于TI的DSP芯片TMS320F2812设计双足机器人的基本运动控制系统,围绕机器人腿部无刷直流电机的驱动进行优化设计。系统采用PWM进行电机调速,辅助以补偿参数,通过步态指令,验证电机运转的精确性、稳定性和系统的可操作性。电机调试为CCS仿真、步态规划和独立行走提供试验平台,使机器人能够实现步行功能。     

双足机器人避障与步态规划研究

针对双足机器人的步态控制方案是保证其稳定快速运行的重要条件,也是其得到跨越式发展的重要保障.关于ZMP概念的应用可以有效解决双足机器人的各舵机步态行程问题,通过应用偏导方程把质心位置与时间函数紧密联合起来,从而进一步推得有关相关舵机的步态位置.该设计所得的机器人具有仿生机器人在路面行走能力,并且能够及时躲避障碍物,具有可控性强性,敏捷性,和较高的鲁棒性.动态避障是根据光电传感器判别调节步态,其既可以判别脚底二维平面的光幕信号也可判别周围光幕信号,具有控制意义的在规定地点转向与避障.最终通过仿真与实物行走避障等调试与判别总体实现问题.实验结果表明该方案具有可行性和有效性,从而对双足直立机器人在未来的广泛应用做出有效根据.     

基于STM32的双足避障机器人设计

本文计了一种基于STM32的双足避障机器人,机器人主体使用超轻材质的铝合金搭建,结构稳定可靠,环境适应能力强.采用高性能的STM32单片机为系统主控芯片,配合外围传感器信息采集系统和舵机驱动控制系统,能够完成自主行走,躲避障碍,路径规划等任务.经实验验证,该机器人系统能很好的实现自主避障行走,可以有效减少机器人在避障行走中对环境的依赖性,满足设计要求.     

双足机器人稳定性判据研究

双足机器人是20世纪人类最伟大的发明之一,其具有的独特的双足运动方式是研究遇到的难点之一,其中双足类人机器人在步行稳定性判据的研究上起步较早,双足机器人能否进行拟人行走的最为重要的指标之一就是机器人行走的稳定性判据,在此本文对稳定性的判据研究做以综述.     

基于TMS320F2812DSP的双足机器人样机设计

本文基于TMS320F2812DSP设计了一个十自由度双足步行机器人,对驱动与传感器电路进行了设计,规划了机器人的整体控制系统,采用了触力传感器和陀螺仪来检测步行信息,并成功实现了机器人的稳定行走。     

基于STM32的六足机器人制作

基于仿生原理,以STM32为控制器的核心,制作动作灵活,结构简单的六足机器人,并且完成了直线、转弯步态的规划和控制。实验表明成功控制实现三足步态进行直线行走功能。文中详细介绍了该"蜘蛛"的结构组成、行走原理、步态规划算法与控制系统设计。     

双足步行机器人下肢最小结构的设计与实现

近年来,随着电子、计算机和控制技术的不断进步,出现了各种仿生机器人,如机器鱼、机器蛇、机器狗、人形机器人等。仿生机器人的结构和人类非常相似,双足行走的模式使其工作起来非常方便,运用前景非常广阔。研究双足机器人不仅具有学术意义,而且具有实际应用价值。文章主要从国内研究现状、人体下肢机构分析、动力源选择、自由度确定、系统介绍、未来的研究方向几个方面进行了阐述,希望对我国双足步行机器人的发展有所帮助。     

双足机器人RCG姿态控制算法的研究

稳定步行是仿人双足机器人开展实际作业的基础,也是研究的难点和热点.为了提高对仿人机器人步行失稳的响应速率和控制准确性,克服利用陀螺仪进行姿态测量及控制无法完整表述机器人运动状态,从而造成控制滞后的缺点.本文提出了RCG姿态控制算法,在以角速度和角度作为控制参量的模型基础上,引入机器人运动过程中的加速度作为姿态判断和调整的影响因子,实现对机器人行走过程的反馈控制,提高了双足机器人对失稳状态的响应速率和响应的准确性.通过对自主搭建的机器人样机进行测试,结果表明：当双足机器人步行失稳时,RCG姿态控制算法比以角速度和角度作为参量的控制算法能够更快速、准确的修正姿态偏差,保持姿态稳定.     

Use of Support Vector Regression in Stable Trajectory Generation for Walking Humanoid Robots

This paper concerns the use of support vector regression (SVR), which is based on the kernel method for learning from examples, in identification of walking robots. To handle complex dynamics in humanoid robot and realize stable walking, this paper develops and implements two types of reference natural motions for a humanoid, namely, walking trajectories on a flat floor and on an ascending slope. Next, SVR is applied to model stable walking motions by considering these actual motions. Three kinds of kernels, namely, linear, polynomial, and radial basis function (RBF), are considered, and the results from these kernels are compared and evaluated. The results show that the SVR approach works well, and SVR with the RBF kernel function provides the best performance. Plus, it can be effectively applied to model and control a practical biped walking robot.     

Real-Time Planning of Humanoid Robot's Gait for Force-Controlled Manipulation

This paper proposes a new style of manipulation by a humanoid robot. Focusing on the task of pushing an object, the foot placement is planned in real time according to the result of manipulation of the object. By using the impedance control of the arms, the humanoid robot can stably push the object regardless of the mass of the object. If the object is heavy, the humanoid robot pushes it by walking slowly and vice versa. Also, for planning the gait in real time, we propose a new analytical method where a newly calculated trajectory of the robot motion is smoothly connected to the current one. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation and experiment     

Signal Processing and Application of Six-axis Force/Torque Sensor Integrated in Humanoid Robot Foot

Six-axis force/torque sensor (F/T sensor) that can detect three orthogonal forces and torques has been extensively adopted in humanoid robot foot for stable control. Due to the F/T sensors being seriously influenced by the electromagnetic interference from ankle generator, signal stability of F/T sensor is still one of the main influencing factors for accurately dynamical and stable control. Though the problem with influencing electromagnetic noise can be solved generally and partially by shielding of the sensor and wires, this traditional method will to some extend face implementation difficulty induced by special mounting space and application environment especially in humanoid robot ankle. Therefore, the research on the output signal stability and precision of the F/T sensors has still been one of the most essential subjects for humanoid robot dynamic equilibrium control. In this paper, some various signal processing methods have been adopted and analyzed comparatively with the aim at the output signal anti-interference processing of F/T sensors. And the filtering effect and its feasibility were verified experimentally in the dynamic walking motion of humanoid robot platform BHR-2.     

Stable Walking Pattern for an SMA-Actuated Biped

In this paper, a walking pattern filter for shape-memory-alloy (SMA)-actuated biped robots is presented. SMAs are known for their high power-to-mass ratio as well as slow response. When used as actuators, the SMA speed limitation can potentially lead to stability problems for biped robots. The presented filter adapts the human motion such that an SMA biped robot maintains a stable walking pattern. The zero moment point (ZMP) is used as the main criterion of the filter to guarantee the stability of the motion. The SMA actuators are designed based on the dynamics and kinematics of the motion. The response time of each SMA actuator is modeled in order to estimate the behavior of the actuator in realizing the given trajectory. After applying the delay times to the motion, the new trajectories are generated and evaluated by the filter for the ZMP criterion. Using simulations, it is shown that the filter can generate smooth trajectories for the SMA-actuated biped robots. The filter furthermore guarantees the stability of a robot mimicking the human walking motion.